Investigation of Air Emission from Optimally Mixed Wood Chips and Palm kernel Shell Energy carriers in Portland Cement Manufacturing Plant.
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Date
2015
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Publisher
Obafemi Awolowo University
Abstract
This study determined the best mixing ratio of wood chips and palm kernel shell combination for air emissions. It also characterized the air emission from open burning of wood chips and palm kernel shell and determined the emission factors of air pollutants from the fuel mixed.
About 95 g of palm kernel shell was mixed with 5 g of wood chips and it was subjected to open burning. During burning, the generated air emission was analyzed for air pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrocarbons (CxHy), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and air particulate matter while the analysis of the gaseous pollutants was carried out using the E- instrument E8500 combustion analyzer. The particulate concentration was determined with the aid of the gravimetric method. Emission factor (mg/kg) of each of the identified air pollutants were calculated from the combination of the measured pollutants concentrations, quantity of mixture of palm kernel shell and wood chips burned and the time required for complete burning of predetermined weight. During each of the experimental runs, weather tracker was used to determine the micro climatic parameter. The experiment was repeated for other wood chips and palm kernel shell mixing ratios with the weight of the wood chips increased in a step of 5 g while that of palm kernel shell was decreased with the step. The air emission from burning of 100 % wood chips and 100 % palm kernel shell was also investigated.
Results showed that CO had its highest emission factor of 1166.06 mg/kg at sample D and its least emission factor of 34.85 mg/kg at sample J. At sample D and J, the emission factor of NO2 were 22.97 mg/kg and 0.36 mg/kg respectively, while hydrocarbons had 2552.24 mg/kg has highest emission factor at sample D and its lowest emission factor of 31.06 mg/kg at sample J. It was observed that SO2 had its highest emission factor of 8.03 mg/kg at sample D with its least emission factor of 0 mg/kg. Nitrogen dioxide (NO) had its highest emission factor of 22.97 mg/kg at sample D while 0.36 mg/kg has the least emission factor at sample J. It was observed that H2S had its highest emission factor of 5.19 mg/kg at sample D while the lowest emission factor of 0.08 mg/kg was recorded at sample J. The total suspended particle recorded was 31 mg/kg for the highest emission factor at sample F while 1 mg/kg was recorded at sample A and N for lowest emission factor.
This study established the best mixing ratio of wood chips and palm kernel shell to be sample J, based on air emission as an alternative source of energy in the cement manufacturing industry.
Description
xiii,135 Pages
Keywords
Air Emissions, Wood chips, Palm kernel, Shell Energy, Portland Cement, Plant
Citation
Aremu N.G(2015).Investigation of Air Emission from Optimally Mixed Wood Chips and Palm kernel Shell Energy carriers in Portland Cement Manufacturing Plant.Obafemi Awolowo University.