Comparative Analysis of Activities of Carica Papaya.Leafe Extract and some Conventional Antibiotic Against Salomonella and Shigella SPP.Isolated In Fish pond in Ile-Ife
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Date
2015
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Obafemi Awolowo University
Abstract
This study investigated the presence of Salmonella and Shigella spp. in fish ponds in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria and assessed the potential antibacterial activities of Caricapapaya Linn. leaf extract and some conventional antibiotics against these isolates. This was with a view to providing information on the comparative analysis of antibacterial activities of Caricapapaya Linn. leaf extract and some conventional antibiotics on the isolates.
Water samples were collected from the surface level of twelve fish ponds at a depth of 10 to 15 cm. The total bacteria counts, isolation and characterization of Salmonella and Shigella spp. were determined by culturing with tryptic soy agar and Salmonella-Shigella agar respectively following standard procedures. Physical parameters of water quality such as temperature, pH and total dissolved solids were determined in situ using mercury bulb thermometer and digitalized portable meters. The antibiotic resistance profiles of the bacteria isolated were determined by agar disc-diffusion technique. Caricapapaya leaves were collected, air dried and ground into fine powder. Aqueous methanol was used for extraction in a ratio of 3:2 (v/v). The potential antibacterial activity of the crude extract, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration MBC on the Salmonella and Shigella spp. isolated were determined. Cefotaxime (CFX) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMX) were the standard antibiotics used. The data collected in this study were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the means were separated using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 95% level of probability using SAS 9.0 software package.
The total bacterial counts of the studied fish ponds were in the range of 6.5 × 103 to 6.2 × 105cfu/mL.Thirteen (13) Salmonella spp. and five (5) Shigellaspp. were isolated from the studied fish ponds. The antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria isolated from the fish ponds showed that 94.4% of the isolates were multiple antibiotics resistant. Resistance was generally high to cefuroxime CPX (94.4%), cefixime CXM (83.3%), augumentin AUG (89.9%) and ceftizidine CAZ (77.8%). The crude extract of Caricapapaya showed activity against Salmonella and Shigellawith the highest mean zone of inhibition 17.3±0.30 mm and 16.25±0.25 mm observed at a concentration of 120 mg/mL respectively. Salmonella and Shigella spp. appeared to be equally sensitive to the extract as shown by their MICs (≥ 30 mg/ml) and MBCs values (≥ 60 mg/ml). An Activity Index (AI) of ≤ 0.64 and ≤ 0.43 for cefotaxime CFX and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid AMX observed respectively also indicated that the cefotaxime CFX showed the highest antibacterial activity compared to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid AMX and Caricapapaya L. leaf extract against the Salmonella and Shigellaspp. isolates.
This study concluded that Salmonella spp. were the more frequently isolated bacteria in the water samples compared to Shigella spp. The studied conventional antibiotics had more antibacterial potency compared to the Caricapapaya L. leaf extract against the Salmonella and Shigellaspp. isolates.
Description
xviii,134
Keywords
Carica papaya Linn, Leave, Antibiotics, Salmonella, Shigella, Ile-Ife, Fish ponds
Citation
Emoitologa Progress Afegbai(2015)Comparative Analysis of Activities of Carica Papaya.Leafe Extract and some Conventional Antibiotic Against Salomonella and Shigella SPP.Isolated In Fish pond in Ile-Ife