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Open Access
Effects of asunle dumpsite, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife on the spatio-temporal variations in water quality and ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels.
(Institute of Ecology and Environmental studies, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) Adebayo, Abdulquddus Adelayo
This study characterised the solid waste of Asunle Dumpsite, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife and the polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) congeners of ambient air within three kilometers radius of the dumpsite. It determined the physico-chemical characteristics and plankton composition of water within 500m radius of the dumpsite . It also assessed of the efficacy of institutional, financial and legal frameworks established for the management of the dumpsite. These were with the view to determine the effects of Asunle dumpsite on the spatio-temporal variations in water quality and ambient PAH levels
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Open Access
Chemical changes occurring in canned warankasi '' A Nigeria white soft cheese''
(Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 1983-06) Ilori, Olugbemiga Mathew
A process for canning warankasi in 10.0 and 12.5% brined whey was developed, and the chemical change taking place in the canned wara were investigated with the storage time. The drained weights, ash contents and the titratable acidity increased while the pH, moisture, lactose, total protein nitrogen and fat contents of wara decreased with the storage time.
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Open Access
Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
(Elsevier Ltd., 2021-05-27) GBD 2019 Tobacco Collaborators
Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings Globally in 2019, 1·14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·13–1·16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7·41 trillion (7·11–7·74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27·5% [26·5–28·5] reduction) and females (37·7% [35·4–39·9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0·99 billion (0·98–1·00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7·69 million (7·16–8·20) deaths and 200 million (185–214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20·2% [19·3–21·1] of male deaths). 6·68 million [86·9%] of 7·69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7·69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens
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Open Access
Developmental defects of the enamel and its impact on the oral health quality of life of children resident in Southwest Nigeria
(BMC, 2018) Folayan, M.O.; Chukwumah, N.M; Bamidele, O.P.
Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) increase the risk for diseases that impact negatively on the quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health quality of life of children with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia; and assess if caries worsened the impact of these lesions on the quality of life. Methods This study recruited 853 6 to 16-years-old school children. They filled the Child-OIDP questionnaire. The MIH, enamel hypoplasia, caries and oral hygiene status was assessed. Poisson regression was used to determine the impact of MIH and enamel hypoplasia on the oral health quality of life, after adjusting for the effect of sex, age, socioeconomic class, oral hygiene and caries status. Results The prevalence of MIH and enamel hypoplasia was 2.9% and 7.6% respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean child-OIDP scores of children with or without MIH (p = 0.57), children with or without enamel hypoplasia (p = 0.48), and children with enamel hypoplasia with and without caries (p = 0.30). Children with enamel hypoplasia and caries had worse outcomes for speaking (p = 0.01). Children with middle (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.60–4.67; P < 0.01) and low (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04–2.95; p = 0.03) socioeconomic status, and those with caries (AOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.26–3.22; p = 0.03) had their oral health quality of life negatively impacted.
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Open Access
COVID-19, economic problems, and family relationships in eight Middle East and North African countries
(Wiley Online Library, 2022) MahaElTantawi1; MorenikeOluwatoyinFolayan2; NourhanM.Aly; Brandon Brown; Oliver C. Ezechi; Benjamin Uzochukwu; Yousef Khader; Ola B. AL-Batayneh; Nuraldeen Maher AL-Khanati; Dina Y. Attia; Passent Ellakany; Maher Rashwan; AnasShamala; Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga; Annie L. Nguyen
Objective The aim was to assess the reported family relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association between these relationships and individual, interpersonal, and country-level income in eight Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Background COVID-19 causes fear of infection, loss of loved ones, and economic problems that may affect family relationships. Methods Data were collected from eight MENA countries using an online survey (July–August 2020). The dependent variable was change in family relationship during COVID-19, and the independent variables were individual, interpersonal, and country-level factors represented by sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 status, financial impact (whether participants lost or had reduced wages) and country income. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results There were 1854 responses, mean (SD) age of 30.6 (9.9) years, 65.8% were female, 3.4% tested COVID-19 positive, and 20.8% reported lost/reduced wages. Family relationships were more likely to improve or remain unchanged (84.3%) for participants who had a history of COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.25, 10.01]). However, family relationships were more likely to not improve for those who knew someone who died of COVID-19 (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.58, 0.99]) and those with lost/reduced wages (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.52, 0.94]).