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Open Access
Mediation as a tool of resolving dispute in Nigeria : Issues and Challenges
(Faculty of Law,Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) BAYODE, Kehinde Olufunso
Mediation is an aspect of Alternative Dispute Resolution. However, despite the growth and advantages of mediation, it is still left undermined, especially in Nigeria where there is no specific legal framework for its application, scope, procedure and accreditation of mediators. This is work researched the practice of mediation in other jurisdictions such as South Africa, Canada and Hong Kong, taking cognizance of the loopholes and challenges experienced by some of these jurisdictions and using them as litmus tests to proffer recommendations for the practice of mediation in Nigeria. The research methodology used in this work is the library research method. The work relied on primary and secondary sources of information.The work found out that mediation is yet to gain wide acceptance in Nigeria due to many factors, and such factors will continue to debilitate the swift operation of mediation in Nigeria, unless some of the recommendations provided in this work are applied and put into practice.
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Open Access
Client sophistic in mortage valuation practice in Lagos, Nigeria.
(Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Enivronmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2024) OGUNBIYI James Olayinka
The study examined the profiles of clients and the retained Estate Surveying and Valuation (ESV) firms in Lagos, Nigeria; evaluated the characteristics of mortgage valuations undertaken by the firms; appraised the components and level of client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice; analysed the factors influencing client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice; and examined the perceived influence of client sophistication on mortgage valuation practice in the study area. These were with a view to providing information for enhancing valuation practice. The study adopted primary and secondary data using a mixed-method data collection approach. The study population comprised Deposit Money Banks (DMBs), Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) and Estate Surveying and Valuation (ESV) firms in Lagos, Nigeria. According to the August 26th, 2022 edition of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s List of DMBs, 26 DMBs engage in real estate lending activities. They collectively had 650 ESV firms in their Retainership Lists. Using Frankfort-Nachmias's 1996 sample size formular, a sample size of 243 ESV firms was determined for the study. Thus, nine ESV firms were randomly selected for each of the 26 DMBs and AMCON. Total enumeration survey of the 26 DMBs and head of valuation unit of AMCON was also applied. While primary data was collected with the aid of key informant interviews of the heads of the valuation units of the DMBs and AMCON, questionnaire was administered on heads of the valuation units of the ESV firms. Secondary data such as guidelines and standards for mortgage valuation practice was sourced from relevant publications. Data analysis was undertaken using thematic analysis, importance assessment approach, exploratory factor analysis, Spearman’s correlation analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis ‘H’ test.The result, using the importance assessment approach showed that the characteristics of the mortgage valuation practice were: adherence to standard valuation process (RII=0.882), adherence to IVSC and Nigerian Valuation Standards when carrying out valuations (RII=0.855), adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in valuation practice (RII=0.822), adoption of proper assumptions when carrying out valuations (RII=0.818), and making sound judgements when carrying out valuations (RII=0.818). The result, using the exploratory factor analysis and thematic analysis showed that the components and level of client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice comprised the clients’ knowledge of applicable standards (19.85%), experiential knowledge of valuation characteristics (18.68%); biographical details (13.48%); and the nature of their influence on valuations (11.75%). The factors influencing client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice with their corresponding variance proportion were: issues with valuers and valuation techniques (19.45%); influence of globalization (18.54%); client's knowledge of relevancies (12.76%); regulatory considerations and value for money (10.80%), and valuation uncertainties (8.34%). Moreover, the perceived influence of client sophistication on mortgage valuation practice with their corresponding variance proportion were: encouraged transparency, disclosure and partnership (17.15%); improved accuracy and reliability of valuations (17.04%); improved client satisfaction (16.51%); improved valuation reporting and fee payment (14.91%), and enhanced regulatory enforcements (10.92%). The study concluded that the components of client sophistication, including experiential knowledge of valuation characteristics, compelled ethical behaviour and conduct of practitioners for enhanced valuation practice.
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Open Access
Editorial: Country Profile of the Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Early Childhood Caries.
(frontiers in public health, 2020-04-30) Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; El Tantawi, Maha; Ramos-Gomez, Francisco; Sabbah, Wael
Early childhood caries (ECC) is the presence of decayed (cavitated and non-cavitated), filled and missing teeth due to caries, affecting the primary dentition in children less than 72 months old (1). It is the most common non-communicable disease in children (2) and a global endemic problem with those socially disadvantaged (ethnic minorities, immigrants, those of low socioeconomic status or from resource-limited settings) being most affected. The negative impact of ECC on the quality of life, growth, social development, and neurodevelopment of affected children makes it ethically imperative that public epidemiological and clinical management of ECC improves (3). Whether treated or not, ECC is a high-risk factor for caries in the first permanent molar, as highlighted by Songur et al. in this topical issue. Four other manuscripts in this special issue emphasize the urgency of addressing the endemic ECC problem. Musinguzi et al. highlighted that the prevalence of ECC in rural Uganda was 48.6% in 3–5-year-olds, and Castillo et al. showed it was as high as 76.2% in 3–5-year-olds in Peru. Also, Pierce et al. reported a prevalence of 98% in some parts of Canada, and Amalia et al. reported a prevalence of 100% in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Open Access
An Evaluation of the impact of communal conflicts on the physical development of settlements in southwestern Nigeria.
(Department of Urban and Religional planning, Faculty of Environmental Design Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2020) Abegunde, Albeert Ayorinde
The study identified and examined causes of communal conflicts (CC), appraised the spatial dimension and their effects on pattern of physical development in Southwestern Nigeria
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Open Access
Impact of Ido-Osun dumpsite In Osun state, Nigeria on soil nutrient, possible heavy metal uptake by edible and herbaceous plants within the dumpsite.
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 2015) Rufai, Abdulfatai Babatunde
The impact of the establishment of the dumpsite on soil physical and chemical properties, amount of heavy metals in soil and selected plant species growing on the site; and the phytoremediation potentials of the plant species were assessed. This was with a view to providing information on the level of heavy metals accumulation in the soil and exploring the potential of the plants in phytoremediation. Ten (10) matured specimens each of Zea mays, Talinum triangulare, Amaranthus hybridus, Corchorus olitorius, Solanum nigrum,Bidens pilosa and Laportea aestuans were randomly collected from the dump and control sites. The collected plant samples which were taken to the laboratory were separated into roots, shoot and the reproductives, and oven-dried at 60°C to a constant weight and ground. Profile soil pits were established at the sites to assess the soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were also randomly collected at 0 - 15 cm depth using soil auger from the dumpsite and control site. The collected soil samples were air-dried, ground and sieved through a 2-mm sieve. Both the dried soil and plant samples were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Hg, total C, organic carbon, N, P, Ca, Mg, K and Na using standard methods. The results showed that the levels of nutrients, exchangeable cations and heavy metals accumulation were higher in the roots for most of the plant species in the dumpsite except for C. olitorius that was consistently higher in the control site, while in the shoot, the levels of N and P were significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) in the dumpsite. Most cations (except Na) were not significantly different (p ˃ 0.05) at the sites. The amounts of Mn, Fe and Zn were significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) in the dumpsite for all the plants studied except in Solanum nigrum where Fe, Zn and As were higher in the control site. There was also a significant (p ˂ 0.05) difference in the exchangeable cations, heavy metals and nutrients in the soil except for N in the dump compared to control site. The soil profile results showed no clear pattern in the level of nutrients, exchangeable cations and heavy metals determined across the layers in both sites. The levels of nutrients and heavy metals accumulation were significantly higher (p< 0.05) at the dump site compared to the control site. The Translocation Factor was greater than 1 in C. olitorius and Z. mays for all the heavy metals in the dumpsite except for Manganese that had a Translocation Factor greater than 1 in the plants in the dumpsite.The Biological Concentration Factor greaterthan 1 was only found for Fe in A. hybridus, L. aestuans and T. triangulare in the dumpsite. The Biological Accumulation Coefficient greater than 1 was only found for Fe in Z. mays and C. olitorius in the dumpsite. The study concluded that the dumpsite had impacted positively on the soil nutrients, and the accumulation of heavy metals increased in the plants studied.