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Open Access
Chemical studies on the deterioration of palm oil
(Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University., 1983) OKIY, Dere Arubore
The work reported in this thesis is on the chemical changes which take place when palm oil is subjected to thermal deterioration and the effect on the nutritional value of leaf protein. The state of deteriorated palm oil on the nutritional value of leaf protein as determined by PER, BV, NPU and TD were examined; this was not worse than diets without the oil samples.
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Open Access
Developing and appropriate legal framework for the sustainable development of bitumen in Nigeria.
(The Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) AKINSULORE, Adedoyin, Olusegun
This study examined the evolution of the exploitation of bitumen from a historical perspective. It analysed the legal and institutional frameworks for the exploitation of bitumen in Nigeria. The study also identified legal and regulatory innovations in other jurisdictions that could be adopted for use in the sustainable exploitation of bitumen in Nigeria. It developed a sustainable governance regime for the exploitation of bitumen in Nigeria. This was with a view to ascertaining the suitability of the Nigeria legal regime to the nature of bitumen exploitation. The study relied on both primary and secondary sources of information. The primary source comprised the Nigerian Constitution 1999 (as altered) and legislations such as Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act 2007, Minerals and Mining Regulations 2011, Petroleum Act 1969, National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agencies (NESREA) Act, Canada’s Constitution Act 1867, Responsible Energy Development Act 2012 of the Province of Alberta, Canada and judicial decisions. The secondary source included books, journal articles, conference proceedings, newspapers, magazines and other materials gathered from the Internet. The study adopted an unstructured Key Informants Interviews (KII) methodology to elicit information from notable stakeholders at the institutional and social level in the bitumen subsector of Nigeria. The data collected from these sources were subjected to content analysis. The study revealed that historically, the discovery and development of bitumen by a state have often been maintained by a deliberate state prioritisation of its developmental interests over and above the interests of minority/indigenous groups in the resource area or environmental concerns of international agencies. The study further revealed that considering the technological outlay required for the extraction and processing of bitumen, the Nigeria Mineral and Mining Act (NMMA), 2007 and the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Regulations 2011 do not make provision for this necessary exploitation process, rendering the law and its regulation deficient and unsuitable for the development of bitumen in Nigeria. The study also found that the legal and regulatory innovations in Alberta Canada accommodate the peculiar processing requirements for the development of bitumen while also introducing creative sentencing as an additional form of penalty for infractions on the environment. The study discovered that developing a sustainable governance regime for the bitumen sector would require proper management of tailing ponds in view of the present inadequacy of the statutory provisions. The study concluded that The Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act 2007 and its Regulations of 2011 are deficient and inadequate for the sustainable development of bitumen in Nigeria.
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Open Access
An evaluation of the maintence management of the staff housing estates of selected first generation Universities in Southwestern Nigeria.
(Department of Building Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2005) OLADAPO, Adebayo Akanbi
The study investigated the maintenance management practice in three university staff housing in South-western Nigeria with a view to examining the relationship between the maintenance system and the quality of the housing stocks in the universities studied. The study concluded that the control of the determinants of maintenance needs and causes of decay significantly affected maintenance performance. Employee satisfaction, the maintenance departments' responsiveness to tenants' complaints and the maintenance backlog were critical in the performance evaluation of the maintenance departments.
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Open Access
Sex differences in the experience of COVID-19 post-traumatic stress symptoms by adults in South Africa
(BMC Psychiatry, 2022) Ntombifuthi P. Nzimande; Maha El Tantawi; Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga; Richmond Opoku-Sarkodie; Brandon Brown; Oliver C. Ezechi; Benjamin S. C. Uzochukwu; Passent Ellakany; Nourhan M. Aly; Annie Lu Nguyen; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has created multiple mental health challenges. Many residents in South Africa face pre-existing elevated levels of stress and the pandemic may have had varying impacts on sub-populations. The aims of this study were to determine: 1) the factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and 2) sex differences in the factors associated with PTSS in adults residing in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Study participants aged 18 years and above, were recruited for this cross-sectional study through an online survey implemented from June 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The outcome variable was PTSS; explanatory variables were sex at birth, COVID-19 status, social isolation and access to emotional support. Confounders considered were age, education level completed and current work status. Logistic regressions were used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables Outcomes There were 489 respondents. Among all respondents, those who were older (AOR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95 – 0.99) and had access to emotional support from family and relatives (AOR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.14 – 0.53) had significantly lower odds of PTSS. Respondents who felt socially isolated had higher odds of PTSS (AOR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08 – 1.27). Females had higher PTSS scores and higher odds of PTSS compared to males (AOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.41-3.39). Females (AOR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08 – 0.95) and males (AOR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.59) who had access to emotional support had significantly lower odds of PTSS than those who had no support. Females (AOR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04 -1.27) and males (AOR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.59) who felt socially isolated had higher odds of PTSS compared to those who did not feel socially isolated. Interpretation Compared to males, females had higher scores and higher odds of reporting PTSS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to emotional support ameliorated the odds of having PTSS for both sexes, while feeling socially isolated worsened the odds for both sexes.
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Open Access
Assessement of level of radioactivity and potentially toxic elements in locally pulverized plantain (musa paradislacal.) obtained from osun east senatorial district, Nigeria
(The Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ABE, Toluwase Patience
This study assessed the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in the locally produced plantain flour. It also determined the radioactivity levels in the locally produced flour and assessed the human health risk associated with the contaminants. These were with a view to providing information on the concentrations and health risks of the potentially toxic elements and radionuclides in locally produced plantain flour in the study area. Potentially toxic elements were identified by using Proton/Particle Induced X-ray Emission Spectrometry. Correlation, principal component and cluster analyses suggested probable natural and anthropogenic sources of the elements in the pulverized plantain. The Human Health-Risk Assessment of toxic elements was assessed on the basis of geo-Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Index (HI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Carcinogenic Health Effect (Cr) and Ingestion Cancer Slope Factors. Gamma Ray Spectrometer was used to profile 238U, 232Th, and 40K levels in the samples. Activity Concentrations, Radium equivalent activity concentration index (Raeq), Absorbed Gamma Dose Rate (ADR), External Hazard Index (Hex), Internal Hazard Index (Hin), Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) and Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) were subsequently evaluated. Twenty-seven elements were detected in the pulverized plantain samples and their concentrations determined. The concentration of elements analyzed in the pulverized plantain samples is in the order K > Cl > Mg > P > Sr > Ca > S > Si > Cd > Rb > Mo > Fe > Al > Ba > Br > Ti > Pb > Bi > Mn > Na > Ni > Cu > Cr > Sc > Zn > As > Co. The analysis of HI revealed extremely health risk. HQ values are lower than the Recommended value > 1 except Cu, Co, Ba, Cd, Pb and As which are comparatively higher. In the test pulverized plantain sample, the mean xvii activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U are 117.73 ± 2.52 Bq/kg, 1.66 ± 1.85 Bq/kg and 17.85 ± 17.61 Bq/kg respectively. For the control pulverized plantain samples, the mean activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U are 11.05±0.43 Bq/kg, 0.37±0.01 Bq/kg and 3.89±0.25 Bq/kg respectively. Although the ELCR calculated shows higher values compared to acceptable value of 2.9 x 10-3 stipulated by UNSCEAR the values of ADR, Raeq, Hex and Hin were significantly lower than or matched well with the permissible values indicating consumption safety for those who do not rely heavily on the consumption of pulverized plantain. The study concluded that the samples from the open markets of the study areas were contaminated with toxic elements, and could at long last pose major health problems to the consumers. However, the results obtained from the radioactivity level of the plantain were below their standard permissible limits. These assessments confirmed that the test pulverized plantain samples exhibited low gamma radiation