Browsing by Author "ABUBAKAR, Waheed Adewole"

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    Simulation and optimization of blending ratio of fossil fuel and scrap tyres in cement production
    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Falculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ABUBAKAR, Waheed Adewole
    This study determined the effect of scrap tyres as a complementary fuel and fossil fuel mixtures on kiln operation stability, desired specific heat value and impact on environment, optimised the complementary fuel to fossil fuel mixture ratio and developed mathematical models for minimum energy consumption and emissions. These were with a view to achieving energy and cost savings by co-consumption of scrap tyres with fossil fuel in cement manufacturing facility. The samples of limestone, which is the basic raw material, were obtained from different mines and analysed to determine their compositions using X-ray Fluorescent equipment. The compositions of fossil fuel and scrap tyres were obtained from Nigerian Gas Company and the literature respectively. The prices of raw materials and fuels were obtained from BUA Cement Plc’s Procurement department. The composition of raw materials, fuels and their prices were inserted into the mathematical model equation to determine the minimum cost of cement manufacturing. The modelling optimized the blending ratio of fossil fuel and scrap tyre and takes into account the stable kiln operation by ensuring the clinker parameters were within the targeted values and minimum gas emission. The results of Particle Swarm Optimization modelling showed 36% of fossil fuel was substituted with scrap tyres as a complementary fuel. The cost of manufacturing 1 tonne of cement was $69 using fossil fuel with the blend of scrap tyre compared to using fossil fuel only, which was $73 per tonne. Simulation results showed a reduction in specific heat consumption and SO2 gas emission as the scrap tyre substitution increases. Optimum blending of fossil fuel and scrap tyres was achieved with all the parameter within the targets. This study concluded that blending of scrap tyres as a complementary fuel with fossil fuel in rotary kiln reduces the cost of cement manufacturing without compromise in the product quality and operation stability.
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    Simulation and optimization of blending ratio of fossil fuel and scrap tyress in cement production
    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ABUBAKAR, Waheed Adewole
    This study determined the effect of scrap tyres as a complementary fuel and fossil fuel mixtures on kiln operation stability, desired specific heat value and impact on environment, optimised the complementary fuel to fossil fuel mixture ratio and developed mathematical models for minimum energy consumption and emissions. These were with a view to achieving energy and cost savings by co-consumption of scrap tyres with fossil fuel in cement manufacturing facility. The samples of limestone, which is the basic raw material, were obtained from different mines and analysed to determine their compositions using X-ray Fluorescent equipment. The compositions of fossil fuel and scrap tyres were obtained from Nigerian Gas Company and the literature respectively. The prices of raw materials and fuels were obtained from BUA Cement Plc’s Procurement department. The composition of raw materials, fuels and their prices were inserted into the mathematical model equation to determine the minimum cost of cement manufacturing. The modelling optimized the blending ratio of fossil fuel and scrap tyre and takes into account the stable kiln operation by ensuring the clinker parameters were within the targeted values and minimum gas emission. The results of Particle Swarm Optimization modelling showed 36% of fossil fuel was substituted with scrap tyres as a complementary fuel. The cost of manufacturing 1 tonne of cement was $69 using fossil fuel with the blend of scrap tyre compared to using fossil fuel only, which was $73 per tonne. Simulation results showed a reduction in specific heat consumption and SO2 gas emission as the scrap tyre substitution increases. Optimum blending of fossil fuel and scrap tyres was achieved with all the parameter within the targets. This study concluded that blending of scrap tyres as a complementary fuel with fossil fuel in rotary kiln reduces the cost of cement manufacturing without compromise in the product quality and operation stability.