Browsing by Author "BABASANMI, Oluwole Abioye"

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    Assessment of polyethylene Terephthalate Waste Carbon and periwinkle Shells-based Chitosan as Adsorbent for Trichloroacetic Acid Removal from Water
    (Department of Institute of Ecology and environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) BABASANMI, Oluwole Abioye
    The study determined the physicochemical parameters and trichloroacetic acid concentrations of the water samples before and after conventional treatment at the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife water treatment plant. It also investigated the adsorption efficiencies of chitosan modified and unmodified adsorbent prepared from polyethylene terephthalate waste and periwinkle shells for the removal of trichloroacetic acids in the water samples. The study further compared the adsorption efficiencies of commercially available activated carbon with the chitosan modified and unmodified adsorbents. These were with a view to providing information on the adsorption efficiencies of polyethylene terephthalate waste carbon and periwinkle shells-based chitosan with commercially available activated carbon for the removal of trichloroacetic acid from water. Polyethylene terephthalate was obtained from the Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, while the periwinkle shell utilized for chitosan extraction was obtained from the Eket Main Market in AkwaIbom State. Caustic alkali produced from cocoa pod husk was used to activate the PET. The activated carbon was made by carbonizing the caustic alkali impregnated Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in a furnace at 500 °C for 1 hour. For elemental and surface morphology determinations, the activated carbon was evaluated using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique was used to determine the structural chemical functional groups in activated carbon. Chitosan was made by deproteinizing, demineralizing, decolourizing, and deacetylating the periwinkle shell. Using a UVvis Spectrophotometer, the level of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in water samples was detected at 530 nm. Batch adsorption tests were conducted to investigate the removal of TCA under a variety of conditions, including the effect of concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and agitation time. Adsorption isotherms were calculated using experimental data from various initial TCA xxii concentrations. The adsorption kinetics were also used to identify a potential rate-limiting phase during the adsorption process. The results showed that the TCA levels were 0.9900 mg/L in raw water and 2.8900 mg/L in conventionally treated water. The PETAC, PETMAC, and commercial activated carbon (CAC) gave mean TCA concentrations of 0.1900±0.0000, 0.0900±0.0000 and 0.0900±0.0000 mg/L before adsorption and 0.1400±0.0707, 0.0900±0.0000 and 0.0000±0.0000 mg/L after adsorption on raw water and conventionally treated water, respectively. There was significant (p < 0.05) difference when raw and conventional treated water were subjected to the three adsorbents. The TCA removed by the two adsorbents (PETAC and PETMAC) required 4 minutes, 1.2 g/L adsorbent dose, and a pH of 9. At 4 minutes of contact time, the highest adsorption efficiencies were 80.286 and 98.286% for PETAC and PETMAC, respectively. The reusability efficiencies of PETAC and PETMAC were 78.4 and 82.4%, respectively. The PETAC with R2 = 0.9377, showed that Langmuir model best fit the TCA adsorption in the isotherm models. The PETMAC with R2 = 0.9986 indicated that the pseudo-second order fitted the kinetic data. This study concluded that activated PET carbon was effective to remove TCA from water supply and could be improved by adding chitosan.