Browsing by Author "Bello Oyenike Idayat"

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    IN-VIVO ANTI-HYPERGLYCAEMIC AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF COMBINATION OF SENECIO BIAFRAE OLIV.&HIERN, XYLOPIA AETHIOPICA DUNAL, CARICA PAPAYA L. AND SPONDIAS MOMBIN L.
    (Department of Pharmacognosy ,Faculty of Pharmacy ,Obafemi Awolowo University ,Ile Ife, 2022) Bello Oyenike Idayat
    This study evaluated the toxicity profile, the in-vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and the hyperglycaemia-lowering potential of the methanol extract of combination of Senecio biafrae leaf, Xylopia aethiopica fruit, Carica papaya seed, and Spondias mombin stem bark. This is with a view to establishing its anti-hyperglycaemic efficacy and safety. The plants, S. biafrae leaf, C. papaya seed, and S. mombin were collected from Obafemi Awolowo University while X. aethiopica fruit was purchased from Oja Oba Modakeke, Osun State. The plants were authenticated, air-dried, and mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1:1, extracted using methanol. The methanol extract was estimated for the lethal dose (LD50) and subacute (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) toxicity in rats using the modified OECD test guidelines. Blood samples collected via cardiac puncture after the 28 days of successive extract treatment were used for the haematological analysis while serum was used for biochemical analysis during the subacute toxicity study. The anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the methanol extract (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) was assessed by in-vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assays with acarbose (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml) (positive control) using UV spectrophotometry. In addition, the in-vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity of the methanol extract was separately evaluated at 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg and 50, 100 mg/kg, using the glucose-induced hyperglycaemic (FBS ≥ 7 mmol/l) and streptozotocin-treated diabetic (FBS ≥11 mmol/l) rats models, respectively. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) and distilled water served as the positive and negative controls respectively. The results were statistically analysed employing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Student Newman Keul's test, with p < 0.05 being regarded significant statistically. The study showed that the estimated lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) gave no significant changes in the blood sugar levels, haematological and biochemical markers in subacute toxicity. It also gave a similar (p > 0.05) alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect to acarbose. The extract (100 mg/kg) demonstrated the highest anti-hyperglycaemic effect with a percentage blood glucose decrease of 19, 40, 43 and 57 % as opposed to glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) which gave 10, 18, 24, and 40 % at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. In Streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats, the extract (50 mg/kg) gave a percentage anti-diabetic activity of 31, 85 and 85 % in contrast to 14, 56 and 75 % for glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) on days 4, 7, and 10, respectively. The study concluded that the methanol extract of the combination of Senecio biafrae leaf, Xylopia aethiopica fruit, Carica papaya seed, and Spondias mombin stem bark is safe and anti-hyperglycaemic at a lower dose, thereby establishing its anti-hyperglycaemic efficacy and safety.