Browsing by Author "Michael Alade"

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    Association between developmental dental anomalies, early childhood caries and oral hygiene status of 3–5-year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
    (BMC Oral Health, 2020) Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Michael Alade; Abiola Adeniyi; Maha El Tantawi; Tracy L. Finlayson
    Background To determine the association between developmental dental anomalies (DDA), early childhood caries (ECC) and oral hygiene status of 3–5-year-old children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We analyzed data for 3–5-year-olds extracted from the dataset of a household survey collected to determine the association between ECC and maternal psychosocial wellbeing in children 0–5-year-old. The outcome variables for the study were ECC and poor oral hygiene. The explanatory variable was the presence of developmental dental anomalies (supernumerary, supplemental, mesiodens, hypodontia, macrodontia, microdontia, peg-shaped lateral, dens evaginatus, dens invaginatus, talons cusp, fusion/germination, hypoplasia, hypomineralized second molar, fluorosis, amelogenesis imperfecta). The prevalence of each anomaly was determined. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between presence of developmental dental anomalies, ECC and oral hygiene status. The model was adjusted for sex, age and socioeconomic status. Results Of the 918 children examined, 75 (8.2%) had developmental dental anomalies, 43 (4.7%) had ECC, and 38 (4.1%) had poor oral hygiene. The most prevalent developmental dental anomalies was enamel hypoplasia (3.9%). Of the 43 children with ECC, 6 (14.0%) had enamel hypoplasia and 3 (7.6%) had hypomineralized second primary molar. There was a significant association between ECC and enamel hypoplasia (p < 0.001) and a borderline association between ECC and hypomineralized second primary molars (p = 0.05). The proportion of children with poor oral hygiene (PR: 2.03; 95% CI: 0.91–4.56; p = 0.09) and ECC (PR: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.92–4.46; p = 0.08) who had developmental dental anomalies was twice that of children with good oral hygiene and without ECC respectively, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.
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    Associations between a history of sexual abuse and dental anxiety, caries experience and oral hygiene status among adolescents in sub-urban South West Nigeria
    (BMC Oral Health, 2021) Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Maha El Tantawi; Nourhan M. Aly; Abiola Adetokunbo Adeniyi; Elizabeth Oziegbe; Olaniyi Arowolo; Michael Alade; Boladale Mapayi; Nneka Maureen Chukwumah; Olakunle Oginni; Nadia A. Sam-Agudu
    Abstract Introduction: Sexual and oral health are important areas of focus for adolescent wellbeing. We assessed for the prevalence of sexual abuse among adolescents, oral health factors associated with this history, and investigated whether sexual abuse was a risk indicator for dental anxiety, caries experience and poor oral hygiene. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between December 2018 and January 2019 among adolescents 10–19 years old in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Survey data collected included respondents’ age, sex, and socioeconomic status, oral health risk factors (dental anxiety, frequency of tooth brushing intake of refined carbohydrates in between meals, fossing, dental visits, smoking, alcohol intake, use of psychoactive substances), caries experience, oral hygiene status, history of sexual abuse, and sexual risk behaviors (age of sexual debut, history of transactional sex, last sexual act with or without condom, multiple sex partners). Regression models were constructed to determine the association between outcome variables (dental anxiety, presence of caries experience and poor oral hygiene) and explanatory variables (oral health risk factors and history of sexual abuse). Results: The prevalence of sexual abuse in our cohort was 5.9%: 4.3% among males and 7.9% among females. A history of sexual abuse was associated with alcohol consumption (p=0.009), cigarette smoking (p=0.001), and a history of transactional sex (p=0.01). High/severe dental anxiety was significantly associated with increased odds of a history of sexual abuse (AOR=1.81; 95% CI 1.10, 2.98), but not with caries experience (AOR=0.66; 95% CI 0.15, 2.97) nor poor oral hygiene (AOR=1.68; 95% CI 0.95, 2.96). Dental anxiety was associated with increased odds of alcohol intake (AOR=1.74; 95% CI 1.19, 2.56), twice daily tooth brushing (AOR=1.48; 95% CI 1.01, 2.17) and daily consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals (AOR=2.01; 95% CI 1.60, 2.54). Caries experience was associated with increased odds of using psychoactive substances (AOR=4.83; 95% CI 1.49, 15.62) and having low socioeconomic status (AOR=0.40; 95% CI 0.18, 0.92). Poor oral hygiene was associated with increased odds of having middle socio‑economic status (AOR=1.43; 95% CI 1.05, 1.93) and daily consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals (AOR=1.38; 95% CI 1.08, 1.78).