Browsing by Author "Olakunle Oginni"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    Associations between a history of sexual abuse and dental anxiety, caries experience and oral hygiene status among adolescents in sub-urban South West Nigeria
    (BMC Oral Health, 2021) Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Maha El Tantawi; Nourhan M. Aly; Abiola Adetokunbo Adeniyi; Elizabeth Oziegbe; Olaniyi Arowolo; Michael Alade; Boladale Mapayi; Nneka Maureen Chukwumah; Olakunle Oginni; Nadia A. Sam-Agudu
    Abstract Introduction: Sexual and oral health are important areas of focus for adolescent wellbeing. We assessed for the prevalence of sexual abuse among adolescents, oral health factors associated with this history, and investigated whether sexual abuse was a risk indicator for dental anxiety, caries experience and poor oral hygiene. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between December 2018 and January 2019 among adolescents 10–19 years old in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Survey data collected included respondents’ age, sex, and socioeconomic status, oral health risk factors (dental anxiety, frequency of tooth brushing intake of refined carbohydrates in between meals, fossing, dental visits, smoking, alcohol intake, use of psychoactive substances), caries experience, oral hygiene status, history of sexual abuse, and sexual risk behaviors (age of sexual debut, history of transactional sex, last sexual act with or without condom, multiple sex partners). Regression models were constructed to determine the association between outcome variables (dental anxiety, presence of caries experience and poor oral hygiene) and explanatory variables (oral health risk factors and history of sexual abuse). Results: The prevalence of sexual abuse in our cohort was 5.9%: 4.3% among males and 7.9% among females. A history of sexual abuse was associated with alcohol consumption (p=0.009), cigarette smoking (p=0.001), and a history of transactional sex (p=0.01). High/severe dental anxiety was significantly associated with increased odds of a history of sexual abuse (AOR=1.81; 95% CI 1.10, 2.98), but not with caries experience (AOR=0.66; 95% CI 0.15, 2.97) nor poor oral hygiene (AOR=1.68; 95% CI 0.95, 2.96). Dental anxiety was associated with increased odds of alcohol intake (AOR=1.74; 95% CI 1.19, 2.56), twice daily tooth brushing (AOR=1.48; 95% CI 1.01, 2.17) and daily consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals (AOR=2.01; 95% CI 1.60, 2.54). Caries experience was associated with increased odds of using psychoactive substances (AOR=4.83; 95% CI 1.49, 15.62) and having low socioeconomic status (AOR=0.40; 95% CI 0.18, 0.92). Poor oral hygiene was associated with increased odds of having middle socio‑economic status (AOR=1.43; 95% CI 1.05, 1.93) and daily consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals (AOR=1.38; 95% CI 1.08, 1.78).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Associations between psychological wellbeing, depression, general anxiety, perceived social support, tooth brushing frequency and oral ulcers among adults resident in Nigeria during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
    (BMC Oral Health, 2021) Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Olanrewaju Ibikunle Ibigbami; Ibidunni Olapeju Oloniniyi; Olakunle Oginni; Olutayo Aloba
    Introduction: The aims of this study were to determine the associations between psychological wellbeing, and the frequency of tooth brushing and presence of oral ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to identify the medi ating roles of psychological distress (general anxiety and depression) and perceived social support in the paths of observed associations. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 996 adults in Nigeria between June and August 2020. Data collected through an online survey included outcome variables (decreased frequency of tooth brushing and presence of oral ulcers), explanatory variable (psychological wellbeing), mediators (general anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms and perceived social support) and confounders (age, sex at birth, educational and employment status). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk indicators for the outcome variables. A path analysis was conducted to identify the indirect efect of mediators on the association between the outcome and explanatory variables. Results: Of the 966 respondents, 96 (9.9%) reported decreased tooth-brushing frequency and 129 (13.4%) had oral ulcers during the pandemic. The odds of decreased tooth-brushing during the pandemic decreased as the psychological wellbeing increased (AOR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83–0.91; p<0.001) and as generalized anxiety symptoms increased (AOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86–0.98; p=0.009). The odds of having an oral ulcer was higher as the generalized anxiety symptoms increased (AOR: 1.15; 95% CI: 01.08–1.21; p<0.001). Only generalized anxiety (indirect efect: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01–0.04; P=0.014) signifcantly mediated the relationship between wellbeing and tooth-brushing accounting for approximately 12% of the total efect of wellbeing on decreased toothbrushing. Generalized anxiety (indirect effect 0.05; 95% CI: −0.07–0.03; P<0.001) also signifcantly mediated the relationship between wellbeing and presence of oral ulcer accounting for 70% of the total efect of wellbeing on presence of oral ulcer. Depressive symptoms and perceived social support did not significantly mediate the associations between psychological wellbeing, decreased frequency of tooth brushing and the presence of oral ulcers. Conclusion: Patients who come into the dental clinic with poor oral hygiene or oral ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic may benefit from screening for generalized anxiety and psychological wellbeing to identify those who will benefit from interventions for mental health challenges.