Browsing by Author "Oloyede, F. A."

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    Chemical Composition of a Tropical Fern Ceratoptelus Cornlita (Parkeriaceae, Pteridophyta) in Nigeria
    (2010) Oloyede, F. A.; Oloyede, F. M.; Saliu, T. L.; Ogunwole, A. A.
    Extracts from some fern species have been found to be useful in fortifying livestock and fish feeds to enhance production especially in peasant communities. The chemical composition of Ceratoptc.ris cornzltn has not been documented insNigeria. This study was thus designed to determine its suitability for use in fortifying fish feed by analysing the nutrient and anti-nutrient contents of its dimorphic fronds separately. One kg of sterile and fertile fronds of C.cornuta were collected, washed using distilled water and oven dried at 40 OC for about 96 hours. The dried samples were milled and analysed for proximate minerals, cyanide and oxalate analyses in triplicates. Results of the nutrient and anti-nutrient analyses show that both the sterile and the fertile fronds of C. cornuta can be used in aquaculture. The crude protein (4.22-5.28 g/100 g), moisture (87-91.00 g/100 g), carbohydrate (3.12-7.40 g/100 g), magnesium (23.55-194.65 mg/100 g), calcium (0.03 mg/100 g), potassium (0.17 mg/100 g), sodium (0.17 mg/100 g), silver (50.0 mg/100 g), cobalt (3.75-4.45 mg/100 g), lead (53.5-172.5 mg/100 g), copper (60.45-61.0 mg/100 g), manganese (15.65 mg/100 g), arsenium (50 mg/100 g), cadmium (3.75-4.50 rng/100 g), iron (430.00-537.45 mg/100 g) and selenium (106.83-195.45 mg(100 g) contents are considerably high. The anti-nutritional oxalate (0.861.38 mg/100 g) and cyanide (0.88-1.16 mg/100 g) are low and fall within the safe and acceptable limits as recommended by the World Health Organisation. Thus, extract from these fronds can be incorporated into livestocks and fish meals.
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    Comparative Foliar Anatomical And Morphological Studies of Nephrolepis Biserrata (Swartz) Scott And N. Undulata ( Swartz) J.SM. in Nigeria
    (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), 2011) Oloyede, F. A.; Akomolafe, F. G.; Oladipo, O . T.
    The foliar anatomy and morphology of Nephrolepis biserrata and Nephrolepis undulata were investigated. The aim of which is to elucidate their taxonomic knowledge with the use of both foliar anatomical and morphological characteristics that exist between them. The anatomical studies carried out include shape and size of the epidermal cell, venation patterns, stomata type and distribution. One way analysis of variance was used to show whether the two taxa are significantly different. The results of anatomical similarities in the adaxial surfaces of their leaflets were sinuous, anticlinal walls, absence of stomata and trichome, epidennal cells are irregular in shape and variable in sizes. On their abaxial surfaces, epidermal cells are irregular in shapes and variable in sizes, stomata present, predominantly diacytic and anomocytic types with elliptic shapes, thin and wavy anticlinal wall. Anatomical differences include length and width of epidermal cells, absence or presence and distribution of crystal sands, thickness of anticlinal walls on the adaxial surfaces, stomata Index and frequency, length and breadth of guard cell and guard cell area. The venation patterns showed that the mid-rib is sheathed with parenchyma cells and trichome types were observed in N. biserrata but absent in N. undulata. The distinguishing characters of the two taxa studied are of taxonomic value and can be used to identify and delimit each species and thus widen the scope of their taxonomic knowledge.
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    Genetic Analysis of Pigmentation in a Cultivar of Rice (Orilzu sativa Linn)
    (1997) Faluyi, J. O.; Oloyede, F. A.
    Two cultivars of Oryza sativa Linn. were studied for the mode of inheritance of pigmentation of their organs. The studies show that purple leaf blade is conditioned at two loci in such a way that the inhibitor locus must be homozygous recessive for the purple leaf blade gene. Pl to express (ii Pl.). The collar colour is also controlled by the Pl gene. The coloured state of the apiculus, awn, stigma and outer leaf sheath are conditioned by a single dominant gene. The situation is however different for the auricle and ligule which are conditioned by recessive genes at their respective loci. The inner leaf sheath colouration is under the control of two independent genes in complementary action. The Pl gene exhibited manifold pleiotropic effect on all the organs except the inner leaf sheath whose colour it inhibits. The colour of the sterile lemma is due exclusively to the pleiotropic action of the Pl gene. The gene for apiculus colour (Pa) is a major gene which acts as a basic gene for colour expression in the inner leaf sheath acting in complementary mode with gene (Psh) and the organs of the juncture complex – ligule and auricle – which can express colour only when the genes that condition colour in them are present in addition to the gene Pa for purple apiculus colour. Gene Pa, in the homozygous recessive condition is therefore said to be epistatic to the colour genes for the auricle and ligule. Gene Pa also expresses manifold pleiotropic effect on the stigma, awn, nodal ring and outer leaf sheath. This is precisely why this gene is considered the most reliable marker gene of the entire genic system considered. The contribution of pleiotropic action of the various genes was estimated to be between 100% and 22%.
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    Genetic Studies of Perennial Habit in Some Species of the Genus Oryza
    (1999) Oloyede, F. A.; Nwokeocha, Chinyere C.; Faluyi, J. O
    Perennial habit was observed in various accessions of three species of Oryza (Oryza sativa, Oryza glaberrima and Oryza punctata) and their intervarietal and interspecific hybrids. In the specific case of TOS PURPLE and TOS 15223, the F1 was advanced to the F2 to monitor the mode of segregation for the perennial habit exhibited by TOS PURPLE. Two kinds of perennial habit were noticed in the three species studied – continuous production of new tillers by the rootstock leading to a massive accumulation of above and below-ground biomass as in all O. punctata accessions and AWGU DWARF-W; production of new tillers from the rootstock after a period of quiescence at the end of a life cycle with the old tillers completely dead as in TOS PURPLE. All O. barthii and O. glaberrima accessions are annuals. This paper reports the behavior of the first type and full details of the second type of perennial habit. The interspecific crosses showed that perennial habit while the second type is conditioned by a single recessive gene i.e. it is recessive to the annual habit. The significance of this finding for peasant agriculture is discussed.
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    Reproductive Potentials of a Tropical Fern Cyclosorus Afer (Christ.) Ching (Thelypteridaceae: Pteridopyhte) at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
    (2011) Oloyede, F. A.; Aponjolosun, B.; Ogunwole, A. A.
    Reproductive potentials of cyclosorus afer (Christ.) Ching a tropical fern was studied. Propagation by the spores of this plant was therefore investigated. The aim was to determine the ability of early germination of these spores using nutrient (growth) agar. The experimental site was the Reforestation Unit of the Department of Botany, Obaferni Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Fresh matured spores collected from this site were cultured in a prepared nutrient medium inside the Petri dishes labeled A, B, C, D, and E. The rapid rate of germination was observed at day 10 and day 14. The experiment was replicated thrice. Statistical analysis was carried out using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed that maximum germination occurred around the second week. This is because about three-quarters of the spores germinated between 10th and 14th day of planting during which 80%, 50%, 90% and 60% germination was recorded in each of the Petri dishes B, C, D and E respectively while no germination was observed in the control experiment in Petri dish A. This indicates that the spores have potentials to raise this plant within a short period.
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    Taxonomic Evaluation of Homosporous Leptosporangiate Ferns (Pteridophytes) in Southwestern Nigeria
    (2011) Oloyede, F. A.; Odu, E. A.
    Taxonomical studies of leptosporangiate ferns collected from Southwestern Nigeria were carried out for taxonomic re-evaluation, additional diagnostic features and for establishing the missing gaps in the taxonomy of fern species in this region. The habitats from where these ferns were collected include humid areas, waterlogged, road sides and rock crevices. Features investigated were rhizomes, croziers, fronds, ramenta, stipe's colour; leaf type: shape, hairiness, margins, length and breadth; apex shape and type; leaflet shape and margins, indusia, spores, sporangia and sori arrangements. These features were used to construct artificial taxonomic key for the thirteen families of ferns collected. The quantitative data obtained were coded for statistical analysis using Principal Component Analysis. Different growth forms and growth duration were also recorded. The results of the scatter diagram shows how closely or distantly related these fern species are to one another. The dendogram showed two main clusters, two sub-clusters and four minor sub-clusters. An artificial taxonomic key produced was found valuable for the identification of the thirteen families of ferns studied. Most of these ferns are perennials accumulating biomass while few are annals. The ferns had different growth forms such as spreading, tangle and climbing. The agreement of the results of dendogram and scatter diagram showed that ferns form natural groupings with their close or distant relationships. The possession of tubers, rhizomes, gemmae and numerous spores by a fern species is an adaptation for effective distribution and dispersal.
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    Taxonomical Studies of Selected Ornamental Plants
    (2007) Oloyede, F. M.; Illoh, H. C.; Oloyede, F. A.
    The neglect of ornamental horticulture by researchers in Nigeria is now more evident than ever. This might be attributed partly to general lack of interest in ornamental studies and also partly due to plant identification problem. This work is therefore aimed at the collection, identification, description and propagation of eight ornamental plants of Nigeria [Caladium bicolour Wightii, Chrysothemis pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Decne., Coleus blumei Benth, Episcia cupreata (Hook) Hanst, Impatiens balsamina L., Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Harnet and Perr 'Marginata', Pellaea rotundifolia (G. Forst) Hook and Rhoeo spathacea (discolor) Hance]. The plants were collected in Osun State, Nigeria and identified using standard horticultural literatures and herbarium specimens of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The plants were raised in triplicates at the screen house. Data were collected on growth parameters. Morphological observations showed that the plants were herbaceous and annuals with simple leaf habit. There were variations in the shapes of their apex, base, margin, calyx and petal. The number of their calyx, petal and the leaf arrangement also differ. Reticulate venation was common to them with the exception of C. bicolor and R. spathacea with parallel venation. They possess actinomorphic flowers except I. balsamina with zygomorphic flowers. Almost all the plants studied are propagated by stem cuttings with the exception of I. balsamina, P. rotundifolia and R. spathacea. Their maturity periods range from 25 - 150 days. The need for awareness of the importance of ornamental plants for their values was discussed.