Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of extractives from cola nitida (vent) schott et endl. Seed
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Date
2016
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Abstract
This study obtained the methanolic extract of Cola nitida seed, fractionated the extract and isolated the bioactive compounds and characterized the isolated compounds using relevant spectroscopic techniques and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. This was with a view to establishing the secondary metabolites in Cola nitida seed extract and their antimicrobial potentials.
The crude methanolic extract of C. nitida was partitioned with n-hexane, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Fractionation of the ethylacetate fraction was carried out using Accelerated Gradient Chromatography (AGC) and column chromatography using silica gel kieselgel 60G 0.040-0.063 mm and 60 – 120 mesh size respectively as separating phase for fractionation. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was done using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR),Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of crude extract, solvent fractions and isolated compound(s)was determined using the agar well diffusion method.
The isolated compounds were 1,3,7-Trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)dione (caffeine) (1) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (2)was identified as the major constituents of solid 2. The result of the antimicrobial screening revealed that the crude extract had the most antibacterial activity followed by the ethyl acetate fraction. The antibacterial activity of compound 1 was dependent on the test organism. Among the Gram- positive organisms, Bacillus cereus was the most susceptible (zones of inhibition, 7 to 17 mm) while the most susceptible among the Gram-negative organisms was Escherichia coli (zones of inhibition, 7 to 19 mm). Compound 1, the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions demonstrated antifungal activities (zones of inhibition, 7 to 11 mm) which were lower than the crude extract (zones of inhibition, 11 to 15 mm) against the tested fungi.
The study concluded that the demonstrated antimicrobial activity of Cola nitidajustified the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the management of infectious diseases and to combat emerging drug-resistant strain of pathogenic microorganisms.
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79p
Keywords
methanolic, Cola, extract, ethnomedicinal, microorganisms