Formulation of aframomum melegueta(k.schum) as a topical anti-inflammatory agent for haemorrhoids.
| dc.contributor.author | OLAJUBUTU, Oluwabukunmi Grace | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-09-18T12:02:02Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-09-18T12:02:02Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description | xii,118p. | |
| dc.description.abstract | This study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Aframomum melegueta, formulated anti-haemorrhoidal preparations and assessed the anti-haemorrhoidal activity of the formulations. These were with a view to providing an anti-inflammatory herbal product for the management of haemorrhoids. Ethanolic extracts of A. melegueta seed (AMS), husk and whole fruit were assessed for anti-inflammatory activity using egg-albumin induced rat paw oedema model; AMS, which was the most active, was further evaluated for topical anti-inflammatory effects and the phytochemical screening was carried out. Two types of ointment bases were produced: one contained different proportions of shea butter and palm kernel oil while the other contained carbomer gel mixed with shea butter and palm kernel in different proportions. The most suitable bases were selected and used in formulation of AMS at 2.5, 5.0 and 10% concentrations. The anti-haemorrhoidal activity of the formulations was evaluated using the croton-oil induced rat haemorroidal model. Twelve groups (n = 5) of rats were used: groups 1 and 2 served as haemorrhoid-induced control (untreated) and normal control respectively, groups 3- 10 received the AMS formulations (D1-D8), and groups 11 and 12 were treated with AMS and standard drug (Anusol-HCR ointment), respectively. The anti-haemorrhoidal potential of the formulation was evaluated using the level of IL-6, Evans blue dye (EBD) extravasation, recto-anal coefficient (RAC) and the histopathology. The preparations were screened microbiologically and were assessed for stability on storage at room temperature for 3 months. The results of phytochemical screening of AMS revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, coumarins and cardiac glycosides. AMS formulations significantly reduced the inflammatory IL-6, RAC and increased extravasation of EBD when compared with untreated group {IL-6 (3.616 ± 0.168), RAC (2.594 ± 0.288), EBD concentration (3.909 ± 0.245)}. The activity was similar to that of the standard drug {IL-6 (2.024 ± 0.362), RAC (1.566 ± 0.115), EBD concentration (1.654 ± 0.134)}. Formulation sample D2 {IL-6 (1.452 ± 0.075), RAC (1.525 ± 0.050), EBD concentration (1.499 ± 0.0329)} which contained 5 % AMS extract was selected. The formulations (D1-D6) inhibited the growth of the tested bacteria with activity more pronounced in D3, D6 and D2. Sample D2 had a mean spread diameter of 29.33 mm with pH of 5.6. The ointment remained stable on storage for 3 months, however, insignificant decrease in mean spread diameter was observed after 1 month (28.00 ± 0.58) and 3 months (27.33 ± 0.03). The study concluded that the AMS ointment formulated was effective in the management of haemorrhoids, with additional antimicrobial activity. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | OLAJUBUTU, O.G (2022) Formulation of aframomum melegueta(k.schum) as a topical anti-inflammatory agent for haemorrhoids. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Obafemi Awolowo University. | |
| dc.identifier.other | ror.org/04snhqa82 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ir.oauife.edu.ng/handle/123456789/6949 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University. | |
| dc.title | Formulation of aframomum melegueta(k.schum) as a topical anti-inflammatory agent for haemorrhoids. | |
| dc.type | Thesis |