Assessment Of The Effect Of Soap And Herbal Mixture Industrial Effluent On The Physico-Chemical Parameters Of Groundwater Quality In Surulerearea,Osogbo, Osun State
Date
2015
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
This study investigated the physico-chemical parameters of industrial effluent generated from the production of soap and herbal mixture and well water around the effluent open drainage. This was with a view to determining the impact of the effluent on the well water in Surulere area, Osogbo, Osun State.
Ten soap effluent (collected daily for six days and weekly for four weeks), herbal mixture effluent (sampled twice), and seven well water (collected twice each in wet- July and August and dry- December and January seasons) samples were analysed for their physico-chemical parameters including water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), apparent colour, turbidity and conductivity using electrometric methods. Other parameters analysed were : CO32-, alkalinity, acidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and Cl- using standard methods. Major anions such as SO42-, NO3- and PO43- were determined using UV-Visible spectrometric method. Sodium, K, Ca and Mg and heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The data obtained were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using SPSS-21.
The study revealed that the colours of the untreated soap effluents were blue, brown and dark depending on the stage of soap production; while herbal mixture effluent was black, and turbid in appearance with unpleasant odour. The physico-chemical parameters of effluents from soap and herbal mixture industries obtained ranged: BOD (20.05±1.66 – 240.00±14.41 mg/L), COD (243.03±0.04 – 321.00±1.41 mg/L), turbidity (140.84±0.06 – 320.50±0.71 NTU), apparent colour (1579.35±0.07 – 3146.71±0.14 Pt.-Co.), TSS (463.00±4.24 – 5502.00±2.83 mg/L), PO43- (3.96±0.05 – 6.79±0.04 mg/L) and Cd (0.07±0.01 – 0.13±0.02 mg/L). These values were above Nigerian standards. Also, alkalinity, TDS, conductivity, Cl- and NO3- in soap effluent exceeded national limits. The pH of soap and herbal mixture effluent ranged from 6.16 to 11.60 and 6.11 to 6.21 respectively. However, the physico-chemical parameters of well water samples showed that alkalinity, pH, water temperature, apparent colour, turbidity, conductivity, TSS, TDS, COD, SO42-, NO3-, PO43-, Cl-, Ca and Fe were significantly (p < 0.05) different between the wells and within the seasons. Turbidity (10.17 – 153.91 NTU), apparent colour (11.99 – 1803.30 Pt.-Co.), pH (8.60 – 10.30), BOD (50.54 – 58.18 mg/L), PO43- (5.21 – 7.08 mg/L), Cl- (264.15 – 276.25 mg/L), TSS (178.00 – 375.50 mg/L), TDS (660.50 – 782.50 mg/L) and conductivity (1102.00 – 1307.00 µS/cm) of some wells located close to the effluent drainage were above World Health Organisation (W.H.O.) drinking water quality standard. The range of values obtained in the entire wells in both seasons for Cd (0.03 – 0.13 mg/L), Cr (0.01 – 0.28 mg/L) and Pb (0.01 – 0.19 mg/L) were above W.H.O. standard while Fe (0.01 – 0.23 mg/L), Mn (0.02 – 0.10 mg/L), Cu (0.07 – 0.18 mg/L) and Zn (0.04 – 0.30 mg/L) were below W.H.O. standard.
The study concluded that the level of pollution of soap and herbal mixture effluents had exceeded the permissible levels and the well water in the study area were negatively impacted.
Description
159p
Keywords
herbal, mixture, industrial, Spectrophotometry, Spectrophotometry