Anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic properties of the ethanolic extract and fractions of anthocleista vogeliiplanch root.
Loading...
Date
2015
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pharmacology, Obafemi Awolowo University
Abstract
The study investigated the toxicity profile, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic propertiesof Anthocleista vogelii Planch (Loganiaceae) ethanolic root extract and factions in rats. This was with a view to providing information on these properties of the plant.
Thepowdered root extracted with 70% ethanol was concentrated to a solid paste and then reconstituted in distilled water before fractionation and administration.Albino rats of both sexes (n = 5) were randomly divided into 9 groups for each dose level. In sub-chronic toxicity studies;changes inbody weight, food and water intake, biochemical parameters [cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TRIG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL)],creatinine (CRT), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)], haematological parameters, relative organ weight were evaluated while the histology of the pancreas, kidney and liver of rats were investigated. The anti-oxidant property of the ethanolic extract and fractions were determined by measuring the radical scavenging ability of the extracts using the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid and also by determining the cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing anti-oxidant capacity of the extracts. Total phenol and flavonoid content of the extracts were also determined. In the anti-diabetic study, the control group was administered 10 ml/kg vehicle (p.o.), the standard drug group was administered 5 mg/kg glibenclamide (p.o.), the test groups were administered 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg ethanolic extract (p.o.) and 200 mg/kg of each of the fractions (p.o.) to glucose loaded (10g/kg), alloxan-induced (150 mg/kgi.p.) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg; i.p) diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL), the biochemical parameters, changes in body weight, food intake, water intake and the histology of the pancreas, liver and kidney of diabetic rats were examined. Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc t-test at 95% level of significance.
The median lethal dose of the crude extract and fractions were ≥ 5000 mg/kg (p.o.). In sub-chronic toxicity studies, there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in white blood cells (F(3,16)= 5.21), serum ALT(F(3,16)= 12.69), AST (F(3,16)= 12.44) and CRT(F(3,16)= 4.14) levels and an increase in packed cell volume (F(3,16)= 3.75), red blood cells (F(3,16)= 2.54),water intake in weeks 3 (F(3,24) =5.93) and 4(F(3,24)= 7.06) when compared with the control. A. vogelii extracts exerted anti-oxidative potentials and phenolic compounds were also present. In anti-diabetic studies, FBGL of A. vogelii treated diabetic rats was reduced significantly (P<0.05) at 30 minutes in glucose loaded rats (F(8,36)= 75.42) and on the 4th day onwards in alloxan (F(8,36)= 59.44) and STZ-induced diabetic rats(F(8,36)= 129.50) when compared with the control. Ethylacetate fraction exerted a more significant (P<0.05) reduction in FBGL more than the other fractions when compared with the control. The ethanolic extract and fractions significantly (P<0.05) decreased food intake, water intake, serum CHOL, TRIG, LDL, ALT, AST and CRT and increased HDL levels of diabetic treated ratswhen compared with the control.The extracts alsocaused the regeneration of cells of the pancreas, kidney and liver of diabetic rats.
The study concluded that A. vogelii ethanolic root extract and fractions exerted potent anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipideamic activity in diabetic rats.
Description
xxi, 230p
Keywords
Anti-oxidant, Anti-diabetic, Ethanolic, Anthocleista vogeliiplanch root, Anti-hyperlipideamic
Citation
Sunday, R.M. (2015). Anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic properties of the ethanolic extract and fractions of anthocleista vogeliiplanch root. Obafemi Awolowo University