Department of Child Dental Health

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    Open Access
    Oral health practices and self-reported adverse effects of E-cigarette use among dental students in 11 countries: an online survey.
    (BMC Oral Health, 0022-01-26) Alhajj, Mohammed Nasser; Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali; Folayan, Morenike O; Halboub, Esam; Khader, Yousef; Omar, Ridwaan; Amran, Abdullah G; Al-Batayneh, Ola B; Celebić, Asja; Persic, Sanja; Kocaelli, Humeyra; Suleyman, Firas; Alkheraif, Abdulaziz A; Divakar, Darshan D; Mufadhal, Abdulbaset A; Al-Wesabi, Mohammed A; Alhajj, Wadhah A; Aldumaini, Mokhtar A; Khan, Saadika; Al-Dhelai, Thiyezen A; Alqahtani, Ahmed Shaher; Murad, Ali H; Makzoumé, Joseph E; Kohli, Shivani; Ziyad, Tareq A
    E-cigarette use has become popular, particularly among the youth. Its use is associated with harmful general and oral health consequences. This survey aimed to assess self-reported oral hygiene practices, oral and general health events, and changes in physiological functions (including physical status, smell, taste, breathing, appetite, etc.) due to E-cigarette use among dental students.
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    Community Inclusion in PrEP Demonstration Projects: Lessons for Scaling Up.
    (plos one, 0201) Reza-Paul, Sushena; Lazarus, Lisa; Jana, Smarajit; Ray, Protim; Mugo, Nelly; Ngure, Kenneth; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Durueke, Florita; Idoko, John; Béhanzin, Luc; Alary, Michel; Gueye, Daouda; Sarr, Moussa; Mukoma, Wanjiru; Kyongo, Jordan K; Bothma, Rutendo; Eakle, Robyn; Dallabetta, Gina; Presley, Josie; Lorway, Robert
    Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has emerged as a new HIV prevention strategy. A series of demonstration projects were conducted to explore the use of PrEP outside of clinical trial settings. Learning from the failures in community consultation and involvement in early oral tenofovir trials, these PrEP projects worked to better engage communities and create spaces for community involvement in the planning and roll out of these projects. We describe the community engagement strategies employed by seven Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-funded PrEP demonstration projects. Community engagement has emerged as a critical factor for education, demand generation, dispelling rumors, and supporting adherence and follow up in the PrEP demonstration project case studies. The increasing global interest in PrEP necessitates understanding how to conduct community engagement for PrEP implementation in different settings as part of combination HIV prevention.
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    Re: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Mitigating Risk of HIV Transmission During HIV Cure– Related Clinical Trials With a Treatment Interruption
    (Oxford University Press, 0201) Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Bridget Haire; Veronica Noseda
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    Commentary
    (Frontiers in oral health, 0202) Singhal, Sonica; Farmer, Julie; Quiñonez, Carlos
    A newly identified pneumonia outbreak was first reported in China in December 2019. This was caused by a highly infectious pathogen named the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARCoV-2). It has caused the global pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has affected 1% of the global population (79,231,893 cumulative cases up to 27 December 2020) and disrupted the world’s usual socioeconomic daily activities [1]. As a result, managing and solving the COVID-19 crisis is currently a top government priority around the world.
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    Changes in the prevalence of dental caries in primary school children in Lagos State, Nigeria.
    (Original Article, 2014) Sofola, O O; Folayan, M O; Oginni, A B
    Objectives: To evaluate the changes in the prevalence of dental caries in Lagos State over a 3 years period and the role of age, sex, and playing in the changes observed. Materials and Methods: Three primary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria were randomly selected for the study. Six hundred and thirty‑three children age 2-12 years, were examined for caries in 2000 while 513 children were examined in 2003. The prevalence of tooth decay and the prevalence of untreated tooth decay were calculated for the two years, that is, 2000 and 2003. Also the degree of unmet treatment need among the population with caries experience was measured. Differences in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the primary and permanent dentition were assessed. Results: Approximately 18% of children had untreated tooth decay in their primary dentition in 2003: A 26.1% increase from 2000. About 12.0% of the decay, extracted, and filled teeth (deft) index was seen with decayed teeth in 2000 and 16.6% in 2003. Extracted primary teeth decreased from 2.5% in 2000 to 1.5% in 2003. The change in mean deft between 2000 (0.42) and 2003 (0.47) was 11.9%. Over the study period, the overall reduction in the prevalence of dental caries was 34.8% in the permanent dentition. The decline was larger among children aged 5-9 years (62.1%) and among females (75%). Conclusion: The study showed no overall changes in caries severity but a decrease in caries prevalence in the permanent dentition over the study period. The largest decline in caries prevalence in the permanent dentition was observed in children aged 5-9 years and females. On the contrary, there was an increase in the caries prevalence in the primary dentition.
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    Addressing the socio-development needs of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria : a call for action
    (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2014) Morenike O. Folayan; Morolake Odetoyinbo; Brandon Brown; Abigail Harrison Affiliations
    The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy and remarkable success in the treatment of paediatric HIV infection has changed the face of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in children from a fatal disease to that of a chronic illness. Many children living with HIV are surviving into adolescence. This sub-population of people living with HIV is emerging as a public health challenge and burden in terms of healthcare management and service utilization than previously anticipated. This article provides an overview of the socio-developmental challenges facing adolescents living with HIV especially in a resource-limited setting like Nigeria. These include concerns about their healthy sexuality, safer sex and transition to adulthood, disclosure of their status and potential stigma, challenges faced with daily living, access and adherence to treatment, access to care and support, and clinic transition. Other issues include reality of death and implications for fertility intentions, mental health concerns and neurocognitive development. Coping strategies and needed support for adolescents living with HIV are also discussed, and the implications for policy formulation and programme design and implementation in Nigeria are highlighted. L'utilisation généralisée de la thérapie antirétrovirale et des succès remarquables dans le traitement de l'infection du VIH chez les enfants a changé le visage de l'épidémie du virus d'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) chez les enfants d'une maladie mortelle ? celui d'une maladie chronique. Beaucoup d'enfants vivant avec le VIH survivent ? l'adolescence. Cette sous-population de personnes vivant avec le VIH est en train de devenir un problème de santé publique et de la charge en termes de gestion des soins de santé et l'utilisation des services que prévu avant. Cet article donne un aperçu des défis du développement social auxquels sont confrontés les adolescents vivant avec le VIH en particulier dans un contexte de ressources limitées comme le Nigeria. Il s'agit notamment des préoccupations concernant leur santé sexuelle, les rapports sexuels protégés et le passage ? l'âge adulte, la divulgation de leur statut et de la stigmatisation potentielle, les défis rencontrés dans la vie quotidienne, l'accès au traitement et l'observance du traitement, l'accès aux soins et au soutien, et la transition de la clinique. D'autres questions comprennent la réalité de la mort et des implications pour les intentions de la fécondité, des problèmes de santé mentale et le développement neurocognitif. Les stratégies d'adaptation et le soutien nécessaire pour les adolescents vivant avec le VIH sont également discutés, et les implications pour la formulation des politiques et de la conception des programmes et la mise en oeuvre au Nigeria sont mis en évidence.
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    Addressing Ebola-related Stigma
    (Global Health Action, 2014) Mariam Davtyan; Brandon Brown; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
    Background HIV/AIDS and Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) are contemporary epidemics associated with significant social stigma in which communities affected suffer from social rejection, violence, and diminished quality of life. Objective To compare and contrast stigma related to HIV/AIDS and EVD, and strategically think how lessons learned from HIV stigma can be applied to the current EVD epidemic. Methods To identify relevant articles about HIV/AIDS and EVD-related stigma, we conducted an extensive literature review using multiple search engines. PubMed was used to search for relevant peer-reviewed journal articles and Google for online sources. We also consulted the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the National Institutes of Health to retrieve up-to-date information about EVD and HIV/AIDS. Results Many stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors directed towards those with EVD are strikingly similar to those with HIV/AIDS but there are significant differences worthy of discussion. Both diseases are life-threatening and there is no medical cure. Additionally misinformation about affected groups and modes of transmission runs rampant. Unlike in persons with EVD, historically criminalized and marginalized populations carry a disproportionately higher risk for HIV infection. Moreover, mortality due to EVD occurs within a shorter time span as compared to HIV/AIDS.
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    Non-third molar related pericoronitis in a sub-urban Nigeria population of children
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2014) MO Folayan; EO Ozeigbe; N Onyejaeka; NM Chukwumah; T Oyedele
    The study will report on the prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of non-third molar related pericoronitis seen in children below the age of 15 years who report at the Pediatric Dental Clinic, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife over a 4½ year period. This is a prospective study of cases of pericoronitis affecting any tooth exclusive of the third molar diagnosed in the pediatric dentistry out-patient clinic in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife between January 2008 and June 2012. Pericoronitis was diagnosed using the criteria described by Howe. Information on age, sex, history malaria fever, upper respiratory diseases, tonsillitis, and evidence of immunosuppression were taken. Radiographs were taken in all cases to rule out tooth impaction and information on treatment regimen was also collected. The prevalence of non-third molar related pericoronitis was 0.63%. More females (63.6%) were affected. Chronic pericoronitis was the most common presentation (73.3%). No case was reported in the primary dentition and the premolar. No case was associated with tooth impaction and the tooth most affected was the lower right second permanent molar (35.7%). Bilateral presentation was seen in 36.4% patients. Herpetic gingivostomatitis was reported in association with one case. Chronic pericoronitis resolved within 3 days of management with warm saline mouth bath (WSMB) and analgesics, while acute/subacute resolved within 10 days of management with antibiotics, analgesics, and WSMB. The prevalence of non-third molar related pericoronitis is the low. The most prevalence type is chronic pericoronitis affecting the lower right second permanent molar.
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    Open Access
    Black market blood transfusions for Ebola
    (plos one, 2014) Folayan, Morenike O; Brown, Brandon; Yakubu, Aminu
    Poor health systems and structures in countries affected by Ebola virus disease (EVD) have compounded difficulties in access to hospital care for Ebola patients. With this low healthcare access, individuals may be forced to seek alternative remedies for the management of EVD. One major study suggested that the transfusion of whole blood and serum from patients who had recovered from EVD reduces the risk of EVD-related fatality (Citation1), with additional rigorous studies underway including patients in the current epidemic in West Africa (Citation2–Citation4) .
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    Study motives, career choices and interest in paediatric dentistry among final year dental students in Nigeria
    (BMC Medical Education, 2014-07-02) Morenike O Folayan; Oyinkan O Sofola; Mohammad R Khami; Ayodeji O Esan; Bamidele O Popoola; Omolola O Orenuga; Nkiru Folaranmi; Taofeek O Ligali; Abimbola S Phillips
    Abstract Background: Students’ motives for studying Dentistry have been a subject of interest for years because of the potential for understanding the psychological makeup and subsequent job satisfaction for the dentist. It is also useful in identifying expectations of the profession. This study therefore tried to identify study motives and career preferences of dental students especially with respect to the practice of paediatric dentistry. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. The final year students in six dental schools in Nigeria were required to fill the questionnaire. Students were asked to rank their motives and career preferences on a Likert like scale with points ranging from 0–5 where 0 represented a factor that had no influence on their decision and 5 represented a very influential factor. The underlying dimensions for study motives, career preference, impression about and motive for interest in the practice of paediatric dentistry were identified using factor analysis. Results: One hundred and seventy nine of 223 students (80.3%) participated in this study. Motives for the practice of dentistry included characteristics of the profession, altruism and intellectual challenges, existence of artistic theme in dentistry and parent’s recommendation. Overall, 67.1% of respondents indicated interest in postgraduate studies and 50.8% were interested in paediatric dentistry practice. The main motives for showing interest in the practice of paediatric dentistry were ‘personal interest, professional interest and interest of significant others in children’, and ‘family influence’. Significantly more males than females were interested in the practice of paediatric dentistry though the motives for interest in the practice of paediatric dentistry did not differ significantly by sex or age.
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    Preventive oral health practices of school pupils in Southern Nigeria.
    (BMC Oral Health., 2014-07-07T00:00:00Z) Folayan, Morenike O; Khami, Mohammad R; Onyejaka, Nneka; Popoola, Bamidele O; Adeyemo, Yewande Isabella
    One of the goals of the World Health Organisation goal is to ensure increased uptake of preventive oral self-care by 2020. This would require the design public health programmes that will ensure children place premium on preventive oral health care uptake. One effort in that direction is the need for countries to define baseline measures on use of preventive oral self-care measures by their population as well as identify factors that impact on its use. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the impact of age and sex on the use of recommended oral self-care measures by pupils in Southern Nigeria.
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    Tackling the sexual and reproductive health and rights of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS: a priority need in Nigeria.
    (African journal of reproductive health., 2014-09-01T00:00:00Z) Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Harrison, Abigail; Odetoyinbo, Morolake; Brown, Brandon
    Very little is known about the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in general and the needs of those in Nigeria specifically. A review was conducted to identify the SRH of ALHIV, assess if these are different from the SRH of adolescents who are free from HIV infection, and from those of adults living with HIV. Few research have been conducted on how ALHIV deal with sexual and reproductive health challenges faced in their everyday lives - as adolescents and as persons living with HIV living in sub-Saharan Africa - to help make any meaningful inferences on these differing needs. The review suggests that the SRH needs and practices of ALHIV may differ from that of other adolescents and that of adults living with HIV. ALHIV would require support to cope with sex and sexual needs, through full integration of individualized SRH services into the HIV services received. Service providers need to appreciate the individualistic nature of health problems of ALHIV and address their health care from this holistic perspective. A 'one-size-fits-all' approach for designing SRH programmes for ALHIV would not be appropriate. We conclude that research evidence should inform the design and implementation of ALHIV friendly SRH programmes services in both urban and rural settings in Nigeria.
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    Getting to zero the biomedical way in Africa: outcomes of deliberation at the 2013 Biomedical HIV Prevention Forum in Abuja, Nigeria.
    (Springer, 2014-09-11) Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Gottemoeller, Megan; Mburu, Rosemary; Brown, Brandon
    Over the last few decades, biomedical HIV prevention research had engaged multiple African stakeholders. There have however been few platforms to enable regional stakeholders to engage with one another. In partnership with the World AIDS Campaign International, the Institute of Public Health of Obafemi Awolowo University, and the National Agency for the Control of AIDS in Nigeria, the New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society hosted a forum on biomedical HIV prevention research in Africa. Stakeholders' present explored evidences related to biomedical HIV prevention research and development in Africa, and made recommendations to inform policy, guidelines and future research agenda.
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    The prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies in children with primary and mix dentition from Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
    (BMC Oral Health., 2014-10-16T00:00:00Z) Temilola, Dada Oluwaseyi; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Fatusi, Olawunmi; Chukwumah, Nneka Maureen; Onyejaka, Nneka; Oziegbe, Elizabeth; Oyedele, Titus; Kolawole, Kikelomo Adebanke; Agbaje, Hakeem
    The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is important for both the anthropological and clinical management of patients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of presentation of dental hard-tissue developmental anomalies in the mix dentition of children residing in Ile-Ife, a suburban region of Nigeria.
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    Possible Risk factors in the occurrence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization among a group of Nigerian Monozygotic Twins
    (Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ), 2015-06) TA Oyedele; MO Folayan; EO Oziegbe
    Objective Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is systemic in origin, and affects one to four permanent rst molars. It frequently affects the incisors also. Its aetiology remains unknown, with some evidence suggesting association with childhood diseases during the rst four years of life, the use of antibiotics (amoxicillin, a macrolide), and exposure to dioxins. This report is documented to highlight the possible risk factors for MIH in four sets of monozygotic twins. Methods A case series consisting of four related case reports. Results Identied. This ranged from prolonged use of antibiotics, to early childhood illnesses, prenatal maternal ill health, and long duration of breast feeding. The possibility of genes in the aetiology of MIH is further strengthened by the observation in this study, that all the monozygotic twin pairs identied with MIH during public oral health screening exercises, had the lesion. Conclusion The aetiology of MIH may be due to early childhood illnesses and the use of amoxicillin. Also, the possible role of genetic disposition needs to be further investigated.
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    Stakeholders' engagement with Ebola therapy research in resource limited settings.
    (BMC Infectious Diseases., 2015-06-26T00:00:00Z) Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Brown, Brandon; Haire, Bridget; Yakubu, Aminu; Peterson, Kristin; Tegli, Jemee
    The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is the largest in history. As of February 18(th) 2015, 23,258 cases of EVD have been cumulatively reported from Nigeria, Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States of America resulting in more than 9,000 deaths. It is therefore exigent to develop prevention and treatment therapies for EVD.
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    Stakeholders' engagement with Ebola therapy research in resource limited settings.
    (BMC Infectious Diseases, 2015-06-26T00:00:00Z) Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Brown, Brandon; Haire, Bridget; Yakubu, Aminu; Peterson, Kristin; Tegli, Jemee
    The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is the largest in history. As of February 18(th) 2015, 23,258 cases of EVD have been cumulatively reported from Nigeria, Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States of America resulting in more than 9,000 deaths. It is therefore exigent to develop prevention and treatment therapies for EVD.
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    The prevalence and pattern of deciduous molar hypomineralization and molar-incisor hypomineralization in children from a suburban population in Nigeria.
    (BioMed Central, 2015-06-30T00:00:00Z) Temilola, Oluwaseyi Dada; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Oyedele, Titus
    Molar Incisor Hypoplasia (MIH) and Deciduous Molar Hypoplasia (DMH) have significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of MIH and DMH in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and their association with sex and socioeconomic status of the children. Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 563 children aged 3 to 5 years and 8 to 10 years using a structured questionnaire through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess for the presence of DMH and MIH. The prevalence of DMH and MIH were determined. Tests of association between sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of both DMH and MIH were conducted using Pearson’s Chi-squared test Fisher’s exact test. Fifteen (4.6 %) of the 327 children aged 3 to 5 years and 23 (9.7 %) of the 237 children aged 8 to 10 years had DMH and MIH respectively. There were no significant association between DMH, sex (p = 0.49) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.32). There were also no significant association between MIH, sex (p = 0.31) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.41). MIH/DMH co-morbidity was observed in eight (34.8 %) of the 23 children with MIH. The mandible and maxilla were affected equally. Antimere was not observed. The prevalence of DMH and the prevalence of MIH in the study population were high. DMH and MIH were not associated with sex and socioeconomic status. There was no specific pattern identified in the presentation of DMH and MIH. The prevalence of DMH/MIH co-morbidity is also high. Patients with DMH should be screened for MIH.
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    Ethics, emergencies and Ebola clinical trials: the role of governments and communities in offshored research.
    (Pan African Medical Journal, 2015-10-10) Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Peterson, Kristin; Kombe, Frances
    The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa has stimulated investments in EVD research. While these research efforts are most welcome, we are concerned about the potential to ignore effective community ethics engagement programmes and critical government regulatory agencies in light of the urgency to conduct clinical trials for EVD therapies and vaccines. We discuss the reasons why community engagement with various research stakeholders is essential, how community engagement should be conducted, and the potential consequences of failing to engage both communities and regulatory agencies by drawing on past experiences in the field of HIV research. We highlight the importance of a) capacity building to enable local researchers design and implement EVD research for future epidemics, b) the need to support community research literacy, and c) the need to build the competency of research regulatory agencies on the continent to address EVD therapy and vaccine research.
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    Ethical considerations in the conduct of research on therapies for the prevention and treatment of Ebola virus disease in developing countries.
    (AFENET, 2015-10-10) Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Haire, Bridget Gabrielle
    The devastating toll of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa necessitates considerations of new approaches to research into new prevention technologies and treatments for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). Research must be planned and delivered in consultation with civil society from the epicentre to prevent mistrust and misunderstanding. Ethical considerations include development of local research and regulatory capacity; negotiating the standard of prevention packages for research participants, including healthcare workers; and strengthening health systems in developing countries to ensure effective response to future EVD outbreaks in the region. Also, strategic consultation with local communities is an ethical imperative for EVD research, particularly where there is potential for differential access to prevention and care packages between trial staff and local hospital staff.