Faculty of Technology

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    Open Access
    Capability development in adopting active technology transfer stratrgy in Nigerian industries
    (Department of Technology management, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 1998) Ephraim Chukwuma OKEJIRI
    The main technology acquisition strategy of most developing countries including Nigeria is based on the concept of technology transfer which emphasizes importation of production technology. This development strategy which emerged post second world war era had roots in the evolutionary theory of social change.
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    A study of an integrated approach to the adoption of solar photovoltaic water pumping technology in Nigeria
    (Department of Technology management, Falculty of Technology Obafemi Awolowo University, 2005) Anthony Dumebi OKONTA
    This study appraised the technical performance, cost and impact of existing solar photovoltaic water pumping (PVP) systems with the aim of developing a framework for the adoption of the system in Nigeria.
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    An evaluation of the Nigerian innovation system and technological capability building in the manufacturing sector
    (Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Technology , Obafemi Awolowo University., 2005) OKE, Joseph Sunday
    This study evaluated the knowledge generation and utilization performances and the operational environment of the Nigerian innovation system with the aim of establishing the level of technological capability building in the manufacturing sector
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    Optimization of thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated livestock building
    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2007) Lawrence Abiodun OGUNJIMI
    This work investigated the effect of building vent and orientation on the thermal comfort of rabbits under a naturally ventilated livestock building. This was with a view to optimizing the productivity of the animals. The study showed that both building orientation with respect to the direction direction of the prevailing wind and size of ventilating opening affected the thermal comfort indicator (THI)
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    Optimization of thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated livestock building
    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty ofTechnology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2007) Lawrence Abiodun OGUNJIMI
    This work investigated the effect of building vent and orientation on the thermal comfort of rabbits under a naturally ventilated livestock building . This was with a view to optimizing the productivity of the animals.
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    An Appraisal of GSM Telecommunications services delivery in Lagos and Oyo state of Nigeria.
    (Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2008) Abdul-hammed, Taofeek Adekune
    The study appraised the quality, volume, and capacity of the telecommunication facilities of the GSM service providers in Lagos and Oyo States of Nigeria. This was to develop strategies for improved service delivery in the industry.
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    Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Physical, Biochemical and Functional Properties of Sorrel Seeds (Hibiscus Sabdariffa)
    (Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty ofTechnology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2011) SANNI ToIbudeen Adesegun
    The study was aimed at determining the effect of gamma irradiation at seven different doses on physical properties, biochemical properties and storage properties of sorrel seeds. It also determined the effect of the doses on anti-nutritional components in the flour and compared the functional properties and the vitamins status of irradiated and unirradiated seeds flour with the raw seeds flour.
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    A study of Technological capabilities and innovations in the furniture making industry in southwestern Nigeria.
    (Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2013) Jide Joseph OBEMBE
    The study assessed the level of technology capabilities in the furniture making industry in Southwestern Nigeria. it also examined the nature and extent of innovations as well as the factors influencing technology learning and innovations in the industry . it evaluated the effect of technology capabilities, innovations and clustering on the performance of the firms in furniture industry.
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    Techno- Economic analysis of small hydropower development in Southwestern Nigeria.
    (Depatment of Technology management, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2014) Abe Oloruntoba Williams
    The study identified the available dams and assessed the barriers to small hydropower plant systems in southwestern Nigeria, surveyed available technologies for small hydropower plant production of electrical energy and assessed the engineering economics and human capability of small hydropower plant.
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    Evaluation of on-farm potentials of rainwater harvesting technology for maize production using the aquacrop model
    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2015) OKUNADE, David Adebimpe
    The study evaluated soil moisture retention potentials in the various soil-water conservation (SWC) and management practices and examined the growth and yield response of maize to on-farm SWC methods with or without rain water harvesting (RWH). it also determined the water-use efficiency (WUE) of maize under the rained and RWH systems, and adapted and tested the Aqua crop model to simulated and predict maize yield in the systems. Furthermore, it validated the model and provided RWH and water management schemes consistent with optimal yield performance with a view to mitigating the effects of droughts and dry spells on maize (Zea Mays L.) cultivation.
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    Modeling and optimization of biotransformation of benzaldehyde to L-Phenylaceylcarbinol (L-PAC) by free cells of Torulaspora delbrueckii in the presence of B-Cyclodextrin
    (Department of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2015) Adepoju, Tunde Folorunso
    In this work, modeling and optimization of biotransformation of benzaldehde to L-phenlacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) using free cells of Torulaspora delbueckii in the presence of B-cyclodextrin was carried out. The model design was optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Furthermore, investigation of the effect of design variables on yield of biotransformation products.
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    A study of the effect of gravity on the hydrolyzate produced from brewers waste for bioethanol production.
    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Falculty of Sciences, 2021) MUOGHALU, Joseph Chinedu.
    This study characterized the brewers waste for its lignocellulosic contents and other physicochemical properties. It also carried out the enzymatic hydrolysis of the brewers’ waste in addition to investigating the effect of gravity on the kinetics of the hydrolysis. The optimization and production of bioethanol from the hydrolysates using a hybrid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. These were with a view to studying the effect of gravity on the hydrolyzate used for the production of bioethanol from brewers’ waste
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    Development of an improved tractor-mounted kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus) Harvester
    (Department of Agriculture Engineering, Faculty of Technology ,Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile - Ife , Nigeria., 2022) Thomas Adebayo Ayorinde
    The study designed and fabricated an improved tractor-mounted device for kenaf harvesting; it evaluated the performance of the machine developed. It also developed mathematical models for the torque, power and energy for the machine; and validated the models developed. These were with a view to developing a kenaf harvesting technology which will improve kenaf production efficiency. The tractor mounted kenaf harvesting machine has a rotary drive mechanism, which was adopted from a forage harvester. A review of the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf stem was made to ensure the accuracy of the design calculation for shaft, chain drive and gear design. The cutting blades, spur gears, bevel gears was designed and fabricated based on the design calculations. Performance evaluation of the machine was carried out at the kenaf experimental field set up at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm. The evaluation of the machine was carried out from 10 to 16 weeks after planting, at 2 weeks interval. The factors considered in the evaluation include; crop maturity, crop varieties and forward speed of the machine. The machine parameters which are constant machine values peculiar to the machine performance evaluation include width of cut, speed of operation, height of cut. The performance indices were theoretical field capacity, field efficiency, effective field capacity and operational loses. The results obtained was analysed using 3-level factorial response surface methodology (RSM) of design expert software. A mathematical model was developed to detemine the cutting behaviour of the machine when modelled as a fixed uniform cantilever. An equation to predict the cutting torque, power and energy requirement of the machine during operation was obtained and validated. The effective field capacity was observed to decrease with increase in plant maturity and increase with increase in forward speed of the machine. The highest effective field capacity recorded was 2.13 ha/day with Ifeken 100 at crop maturity of 10 weeks after planting, and forward speed was 5 km/hr. The field efficiency of the machine was found to decrease with increase in crop maturity, and forward speed of the machine. The highest field efficiency was 97%, with Ifeken 100, crop maturity of 10 weeks after planting, and at forward speed of machine of 2 km/hr. The duration of operation was also observed to increase with increase in maturity, and decreased slightly with increase in forward speed of machine. The highest duration of operation recorded was close to 9 hours, obtained when the crop maturity was 16 weeks after planting, during the harvesting of Ifeken di 400 and forward speed of 2 km/hr. Operatiional losses was observed to be uniform as the crop maturity increased, highest during the harvesting of Ifeken 100 and increased with increasing forward speed of the machine. The least operational losses recorded was 6.9% recorded when the plant maturity was 16 weeks after planting, during the harvest of Cuba 108 and when the forward speed of machine was 2 km/hr. There was good agreement between the predicted and experimental values of the cutting torque, power and energy requirement of the machine. The study concluded that with the current level of performance obtained for the machine in the research, it has the potential for inclusion in kenaf production operation.
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    Developement of a Scenario Based Emergency Response Model for Flooding in Nigeria
    (The Department of Computer Science and Engeneering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) AKHAINE, Victor Emuata
    This Study characterized factors and collected data responsible for flooding, formulated a scenario-based model using the characterized factors and data collected, and simulated and evaluated a model. This was with a view to aiding the planning phase of response agencies by reducing uncertainties through synthetic scenarios. Data based on factors responsible for flooding, were elicited by interviewing experts at the Nigerian Hydrological Service Agency (NHSA), combining systems theory with Delphi method and Cross impact analysis the scenario based model was developed and simulated in python programing language. The causal factors elicited in the course of the interview were categorized into Initial Conditions, Dynamic Events and Outcome Events. In total there were 24 events. The response from the experts were then used to create a probability scale to rank relationships between the events which served as input to the model to generate 6 scenarios, these scenarios were then displayed in graphs. The model was evaluated for accuracy, precision, internal consistency and root mean squared error and verified by comparing the output against recurring events from historical analysis. The results showed that the model had a precision and accuracy of 100% which represents the predictive capability and RMSE of 5.44. the dataset gotten from the experts had an internal consistency of 0.53, 0.7381, and 0.82 based on 3 set of questions in the Delphi questionnaire. Out of the 6 scenarios, flooding had severe impact in scenarios 0, 1,3, and 5 which showed high probability of human casualties, huge economic losses and social unrest. Scenario 4 however showed a reduction of the probability of human casualties and social unrest with the exception of economic losses. In order to further verify the scenarios generated by the model, all the recurring events in the study area were equated to a 100% and then compared with the average accuracy of the scenarios generated by the developed model which was 57.50%. xi The study concluded that the model results formed the basis to develop a dashboard to identify future events that are pivotal in disaster response, and because of this, proactive measures could be taken by the appropriate agencies to respond towards mitigating flooding
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    Development and characterization of banana - fibre reinforced polymar composities.
    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ILESANMI Olusola Joshua
    This study optimized a production process for banana-fibre composite suitable for engineering application, characterized the banana-fibre composites and established the influence of fibre loading and fibre length on the mechanical properties of the composites. This was with a view to developing a new class of environment-friendly natural-fibre reinforced composites suitable for engineering applications. Banana pseudo stem was collected from a local source from which banana fibres were extracted. Postconsumer PET bottles were obtained from local sources and shredded, washed and oven-dried at 110 oC for 2 hours. The shredded PET bottles were subjected to de-polymerization process via glycolysis in the presence of NaOH as a catalyst. Central composite design was used to generate 26 experimental runs for each mechanical property to be investigated. Fibre length (mm) and fibre content (%) were the two numeric factors considered while alkaline treatment was the categoric factor considered. Hand lay-up technique was used to fabricate the composites, ensuring a horizontal fiber alignment and a unidirectional fiber orientation for all the composites prepared. The polymer composites were left to cure for 24 hours at room temperature after which they were characterized for flexural, tensile and impact strengths. Modelling and optimization of the mechanical properties were carried out using Response surface methodology (RSM). The data obtained for the mechanical properties were fitted as second order equations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), residual analysis, response surface plots and diagnostic plots were used to evaluate the validity of the models.The results showed that fibre length and fibre content had a significant impact on the flexural strength, tensile strength and impact strength of banana-fibre reinforced polymer composites. Quadratic models were developed for each of the mechanical tests and they were found to provide a good fit with experimental data. There was an increase in the flexural strength of the banana-fibre reinforced polymer composites as the fibre length increased up to 70 mm and as the fibre content increased up to 40%. However, flexural strength decreased as the fibre length further increased up to 80 mm and as the fibre content further increased up to 50%. Polymer composite with 70 mm fibre length and 40% treated fibre content gave the maximum flexural strength of about 3.6 MPa. There was an increase in the tensile and impact strengths of the banana-fibre reinforced polymer composites as the fibre length increased up to 50 mm and as the fibre content increased up to 40%. However, as the fibre length further increased up to 60 mm and as the fibre content further increased up to 50%, the tensile and impact strengths decreased. Polymer composite with 50 mm fibre length and 40% fibre content gave the maximum tensile strength of about 0.765 MPa and maximum impact strength of 9.99 J. The findings of this study showed that development and characterization of banana-fibre reinforced polymer composite could be achieved. Also, varying the fibre length and fibre content of natural-fibre reinforced polymer composites would improve their mechanical properties.
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    Technological assessment of the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) retail industry in Osun State, Nigeria
    (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) AJAYI, Oluwasola Matthew
    This study examined the technological assessment of Liquefied Petroleum Gas retail industry in Osun state. The objectives are to identify the LPG nozzle dispensing technology among owners, the extent and level of adoption and critical technological issues in the LPG retail industry. These were with the view of ensuring policy and standard management practice on strategies for the running of successful LPG retail industry. The study was conducted in Ile-Ife, Ilesa, Ede and Osogbo which are located in Osun state, south western Nigeria. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. The primary source of data included structured questionnaire and interviews. The questionnaire was administered to the owners of 40 LPG retail industry purposively selected from each town, making the total of 160 respondents. The questionnaire was used to elicit information on the identification of nozzle dispensing technology and the extent and level of adoption of these technologies. Information was also obtained on the critical technology issues influencing these technologies. Secondary data which provided information on the various LPG retail industry operations globally in the past years and these were sourced from internet. The data generated from the study were analyzed using appropriate description and inferential statistic. The result of identification of nozzles dispensing technology showed on the frequency table, that high to low cylinder venting dispenser technology has the highest percentage of 57.30% which were the most popularly used within the studied area while one/more nozzle compressor dispenser has 29.3%, Locally fabricated compressor dispenser has 9.3% and single/double automatic dispenser has 4.0%. On the extent and level of adoption of these technologies showed that the result on the frequency table where only high percentage in each town was indicated; the industry that used more than one technology has 48.7% in Ede, the variation in the refiling duration of the technology was 75.0% often observed in Ile Ife. This was because of the difference measurements of Propane cylinders which were xvi to be used abroad are now being used in Nigeria. Health, Safety and Environmental training and maintenance of staff competence of 30.0% were observed in Osogbo, appropriate distance requirement of 100m x 100m of 37.5% and availability of safety equipment of 37.5% were also indicated in Osogbo respectively, operational technology above 10 years in Ile Ife has 32.5%, separation from the surrounding buildings in Ede has 87.5% and the occurrence of fire incident in Osogbo has 10.3%. On the critical technological issues; high to low cylinder venting dispenser has 73.8% which was the highest size of nozzle’s mouth, the system malfunction indicated 68.3% and the high risk of fire incident was 47.6%, air in the refiling hose has 38.9%, bad values has 43.6 % this was commonly observed in some areas and the locally fabricated dispenser showed 100% of no return mechanism in all studied area. The study concluded that the most LPG retail prefer single/double automatic nozzle dispensing technology, if safety procedures and right policies are enforced
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    Simulation and optimization of blending ratio of fossil fuel and scrap tyres in cement production
    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Falculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ABUBAKAR, Waheed Adewole
    This study determined the effect of scrap tyres as a complementary fuel and fossil fuel mixtures on kiln operation stability, desired specific heat value and impact on environment, optimised the complementary fuel to fossil fuel mixture ratio and developed mathematical models for minimum energy consumption and emissions. These were with a view to achieving energy and cost savings by co-consumption of scrap tyres with fossil fuel in cement manufacturing facility. The samples of limestone, which is the basic raw material, were obtained from different mines and analysed to determine their compositions using X-ray Fluorescent equipment. The compositions of fossil fuel and scrap tyres were obtained from Nigerian Gas Company and the literature respectively. The prices of raw materials and fuels were obtained from BUA Cement Plc’s Procurement department. The composition of raw materials, fuels and their prices were inserted into the mathematical model equation to determine the minimum cost of cement manufacturing. The modelling optimized the blending ratio of fossil fuel and scrap tyre and takes into account the stable kiln operation by ensuring the clinker parameters were within the targeted values and minimum gas emission. The results of Particle Swarm Optimization modelling showed 36% of fossil fuel was substituted with scrap tyres as a complementary fuel. The cost of manufacturing 1 tonne of cement was $69 using fossil fuel with the blend of scrap tyre compared to using fossil fuel only, which was $73 per tonne. Simulation results showed a reduction in specific heat consumption and SO2 gas emission as the scrap tyre substitution increases. Optimum blending of fossil fuel and scrap tyres was achieved with all the parameter within the targets. This study concluded that blending of scrap tyres as a complementary fuel with fossil fuel in rotary kiln reduces the cost of cement manufacturing without compromise in the product quality and operation stability.
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    Comparative studies on the effect of dying methods on quality properties of yellow fleshed sweet potato flour
    (Department of Food Science and Technolgy, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo Universty, Ile Ife, 2022) BADIORA Aishat Olanike
    This study optimized the processing parameters of yellow-fleshed sweet potato flour (YFSP) using drum drier; compared the quality properties (proximate composition; mineral content, physicochemical, pasting, functional and rehydration properties) of flour produced from sun; oven and drum drier and determined the sensory properties of the reconstituted sweet potato flour. These were with a view to producing acceptable YFSP flour using different drying procedures. The tubers were weighed, sorted, washed, peeled, diced, wet milled into slurry for drum dried samples while oven and sun-dried samples were milled, sifted, weighed and packaged. The pretreatments and drying conditions were blanching at 85 ºC for 3mins 30secs, steam cooking at 120 °C for 2mins, sun drying (3 – 4 days at 27 ± 2 °C), oven drying (70 °C for 8 hours) and drum drying at 150 ºC, 10 rpm, 100 ml (84.05%). The proximate composition, mineral content, physicochemical, pasting, functional, rehydration and sensory evaluation of reconstituted YFSP dough were determined using standard methods. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The proximate composition of the samples showed that oven drying method decreased the moisture content of untreated and treated YFSP flour samples (4.88 – 5.31%) and the ash content (1.50 – 1.62%). All the drying methods increased the carbohydrate contents (73.15 – 81.33%) of YFSP flour samples. Sulphiting decreased the pH of the treated samples (5.58 - 5.90) while untreated sun and drum dried samples had increased pH (6.12 - 6.47). Drum drying method increased the mean particle size of drum dried samples compared to other methods. Untreated and treated samples had lower water absorption capacity (WAC) of 106.5 – 126% and oil absorption capacity (OAC) of 83.5 – 106%. Pretreatment reduced the WAC and OAC of YFSP flour samples. Drum drying method increased the WAC (531%) and OAC (168%) of the drum dried flour samples while it decreased the gelatinization temperature (78.5 ºC) and dispersibility (35%) of the samples. Swelling and rehydration capacities of untreated and treated samples increased as the drying temperatures increased from 80 and 90 ºC. The results showed that drying methods had effect on the pasting profile of the flour samples with the drum dried samples having the lowest values compared to other samples. The mineral contents: calcium (0.47 – 1.37 mg/100 g) and potassium (0.37 – 0.47 mg/100 g) of all the flour samples decreased during pretreatment and processing. Blanched sun-dried samples were the best overall flour based on the sensory properties (colour, taste, texture, mouthfeel and overall acceptability) while drum dried samples had the best functional properties based on water and oil absorption, swelling and rehydration capacity at 28 ± 2 ºC, 60 ºC and 70 ºC. The reconstituted dough from sun and oven drying methods were acceptable by the panelists, except for the drum dried dough. However, dough of steam cooked and sun-dried samples were ranked best. The study concluded that acceptable yellow-fleshed sweet potato flour could be produced from yellow fleshed sweet potato tubers by employing either of sun drying, oven drying or drum drying methods.
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    Simulation and optimization of blending ratio of fossil fuel and scrap tyress in cement production
    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ABUBAKAR, Waheed Adewole
    This study determined the effect of scrap tyres as a complementary fuel and fossil fuel mixtures on kiln operation stability, desired specific heat value and impact on environment, optimised the complementary fuel to fossil fuel mixture ratio and developed mathematical models for minimum energy consumption and emissions. These were with a view to achieving energy and cost savings by co-consumption of scrap tyres with fossil fuel in cement manufacturing facility. The samples of limestone, which is the basic raw material, were obtained from different mines and analysed to determine their compositions using X-ray Fluorescent equipment. The compositions of fossil fuel and scrap tyres were obtained from Nigerian Gas Company and the literature respectively. The prices of raw materials and fuels were obtained from BUA Cement Plc’s Procurement department. The composition of raw materials, fuels and their prices were inserted into the mathematical model equation to determine the minimum cost of cement manufacturing. The modelling optimized the blending ratio of fossil fuel and scrap tyre and takes into account the stable kiln operation by ensuring the clinker parameters were within the targeted values and minimum gas emission. The results of Particle Swarm Optimization modelling showed 36% of fossil fuel was substituted with scrap tyres as a complementary fuel. The cost of manufacturing 1 tonne of cement was $69 using fossil fuel with the blend of scrap tyre compared to using fossil fuel only, which was $73 per tonne. Simulation results showed a reduction in specific heat consumption and SO2 gas emission as the scrap tyre substitution increases. Optimum blending of fossil fuel and scrap tyres was achieved with all the parameter within the targets. This study concluded that blending of scrap tyres as a complementary fuel with fossil fuel in rotary kiln reduces the cost of cement manufacturing without compromise in the product quality and operation stability.
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    Investigation of groundwater seepages using geotechnical and ground penetrating radar techniques
    (Department of Civil Engineering, Falculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolwo University, Ile Ife, 2022) BOBOLA Damilola Gbadebo
    This study evaluated the geotechnical properties of the soil in the study area, determined the stratigraphy, zone of fractures (micro and macro) and cavities with ground penetrating radar, correlated results obtained from the ground penetrating radar investigation with the geotechnical tests of the soil and developed a basemap for the study area for exposition of fractures and cavities zones using information obtained from the geotechnical and ground penetrating radar investigations. These were with a view to determining the causes of groundwater seepages in the study area using geotechnical and ground penetrating radar techniques. Five trial pits, each 3.6m deep were dug in the study area and soil samples were collected at 3.6m from each pit. Sieve analysis, natural moisture content, specific gravity, Atterberg’s limits, compaction, shear strength, permeability, and consolidation laboratory tests were carried out on them to determine their geotechnical properties. The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey data were acquired using a Geophysical Survey System Incorporated Sirveyor-3000 (GSSI SIR-3000) equipment with a central antenna frequency of 100, 200 and 400 MHz along 10 traverse lines and the data were subjected to processing by the Radpro software. The properties of the soil samples were then statistically analysed and correlated using Microsoft Excel Software Package. The vertical and horizontal stresses acting close to the fractured zone were also analyzed. Critical fracture delineated by GPR was then subjected to further geophysical investigation using Puqi Water Trace Detector (PQWT) instrument and a basemap showing zones of fractures and micro-fractures was generated. Three types of soils were identified based on Unified Soil Classification System (USCS): Silty Sand (SM), Clayey Sand (SC) and Clay with low plasticity (CL), with plasticity for all the soil samples ranging from low to intermediate plasticity from the result of the geotechnical investigation. Also the shear strength of the soils were low to medium ranged with low permeability. The GPR radargrams delineated four subsurface layers. These include the top soil, weathered layer, partly weathered/fractured bedrock and the basement bedrock. Along traverses 1, 6, 8 and 10, geological structures (fractures and micro-fractures); which facilitated groundwater seepages were delineated from the radargrams. A critical fracture denoted as F1 with width of atleast 2 metres was delineated by GPR in traverse line 1 along with one other fracture (with width close to 1.2 metres) and one micro-fracture (few centimetres wide). Several other micro-fractures were also delineated in other traverse lines. Correlation of some of the geotechnical properties of the soil samples show that, soils in the study area substrata with lower percentage of fines, are more prone to groundwater seepage, as they are more permeable and have high shear strength. Analysis of vertical and horizontal stresses of the subsurface close to fracture F1 showed that the weathered and partially weathered layer in the substrata of the study area are more prone to easy flow of groundwater seepage due to high vertical and horizontal stresses. Furthermore, mapping of the critical fracture F1 with PQWT instrument gave a profile map that delineated five distinct layers with varying density up to a depth of 150 m. Also, another fracture of 3 m width was observed directly under the fracture F1 delineated by GPR starting at a depth of 125 m below the ground surface. This wide fracture serves as a conduit for movement of groundwater to the subsurface as the fracture cut across the other subsurface layers. The study concluded that the basement floor was constructed close to a fractured bedrock leading to the incessant seepage of groundwater into the structure’s basement