Department of Urban and Regional Planning

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Department of Urban and Regional Planning

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    Open Access
    Planning for Recreational Activities in Calabar City Centre
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1984) Ukene, Daniel; Barbero, A. S.
    Planning for recreational activities does not seem to be receiving serious attention from Policy makers in Nigeria. Although the Nigerian economy is currently undergoing serious crises, this should not affect planning for recreational activities. Intact, it has been observed that recreation has always constituted an important part of people's lives: in history no matter their level of poverty. This thesis is aimed at raising the awareness. of the community decision makers and the people generally of the importance of having and organising recreational activities in Calabar City Centre. It is observed in the analysis that the Cross River State Government and the Calabar Municipal Council have only paid lip-service to the recreational needs of the city Centre dwellers. The proposals put forward are derived from the study of the existing deficiencies and anticipated future recreational needs of the people in the case study area. The proposals have been so drawn as to be within the reach of the financial capability of the people. They have also been designed to respect their socio--cultural background and be of physical and Psychological benefit to the individuals. The successful implementation of the proposals put forward calls for a high degree of co-ordination to ensure that the right amount of resources is available at the right time and in the right place.
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    The Renewal of Deteriorating Urban Centre: A Case Study of Sagamu Core Area.
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1984) Sokoya, Jubril Temiyemi; Okewole, I.A.
    The study embraces the structural nature of the obsolescence of Sagamu core area, the physical and socio-cultural characteristics, facilities and services available in arriving at the means of reactivating the area. The techniques employed in the collection of socio-economic and physical data include the direct observation of the present situation, Questionnaire and interviews with the people to assess the land use pattern, age and conditions of buildings environmental sanitation and the traffic conditions. Efforts were also made to find out the opinions of the people about the environmental conditions of their area. The survey analyses showed that factors responsible for the continuous deterioration of the study area include inadequate community facilities and services such as public faucets, refuse collection centres, fire hydrants, parking spaces; conflicting land uses: poor maintenance of buildings; poor and narrow roads badly designed and excessively narrow road junctions, and unhygienic environmental conditions due to indiscriminate disposal of refuse. Consequently, proposals were made for the future improvements of the area under study based on the survey findings by recommending the rehabilitation of dilapidated dwellings and infrastructures and providing new services where such are inadequate or absent. Finally, it has been proposed that there should be administrative, financial and legal tools for the implementation of the proposed plan.
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    Planning for Recreational Activities in Calabar City Centre
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1984) Ukene, Daniel; Barbero, A. S.
    Planning for recreational activities does not seem to be receiving serious attention from Policy makers in Nigeria. Although the Nigerian economy is currently undergoing serious crises, this should not affect planning for recreational activities. Intact, it has been observed that recreation has always constituted an important part of people's lives: in history no matter their level of poverty. This thesis is aimed at raising the awareness. of the community decision makers and the people generally of the importance of having and organising recreational activities in Calabar City Centre. It is observed in the analysis that the Cross River State Government and the Calabar Municipal Council have only paid lip-service to the recreational needs of the city Centre dwellers. The proposals put forward are derived from the study of the existing deficiencies and anticipated future recreational needs of the people in the case study area. The proposals have been so drawn as to be within the reach of the financial capability of the people. They have also been designed to respect their socio--cultural background and be of physical and Psychological benefit to the individuals. The successful implementation of the proposals put forward calls for a high degree of co-ordination to ensure that the right amount of resources is available at the right time and in the right place.
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    A Study of Location and Utilisation of Health Facilities in Irewole Local Government Area,Oyo State.
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1985) Adeyinka, Samson Ajibola; Olajuyin, L. O.
    This study examines the location and utilization of health facilities in Irewole Local Government area of Oyo State. The study focuses on the appraisal of the existing health facilities and the effect of distance on the utilization of health facilities and analysed both descriptively and statistically using correlation analysis and potential model. The result shows that the facilities were unevenly distributed among the settlements. The results from the study also conform to conventional spatial theory which suggests that spatial interaction declines with distance. The study reveals that distance is not the only factor responsible for utilising health oars facilities. Other factors include the quality of services provided and the attitude of the workers. Finally, based on these findings, some suggestions in form of recommendations and proposals, which include improvement of transportation and provision of more health care facilities.
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    Provision of Infracstructure as a Strategy towards Rural Development: A Comparative Analysis of Gbongan, Akiriboto, Osu and Ibodi
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1985) Akeredolu, Oluwapelumi Kolawole; Okewole, I.A.
    This study examines the impact of the provision of infrastructure in the socio-economic development of rural areas. The study attempt to test the proposition that the degree of development has a positive relationship with the level of provision of infrastructure. The study focuses on Gbongan, Akiriboto, Osu and Ibodi in Oyo State of Nigeria. Original survey materials and secondary data were used to show that the degree of development in the rural areas is a function of the provision of such infrastructures as transport, communications and power as well as agricultural and health services. The policy implications of the findings were considered in the concluding sections of the thesis. Further, it is the contention of the thesis that Government interventions in rural development should therefore revolve round the provision of infrastructures that will enhance agricultural development and communal level of living' in order to stem rural-urban migration.
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    Spatial Interaction in an Urban-rural Setting: A Case Study of Agbor and its Rural Environs
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1986) Ikpo, Eugene Dike; Falade, J.B.
    This dissertation examined the validity of the hypothesis that the conditions of complementarities, absence of intervening opportunity and transferability, must be satisfied before interaction occurs between spatial units. The research setting was the region comprising Agbor and four rural settlements -Umunede, Owa-Alero, Uteokpu and Abavo. Observational and questionnaire surveys were conducted. Spatial and socio-economic variables from the questionnaire survey were used in the subsequent description and analyses of interaction networks and facilities in the study area through potential and Gravity model applications and correlation analysis. This study found out that interaction between the settlements was influenced by the volume of production, services and facilities. All the settlements interacted with one another, although the rural sub region with fewer and poorer facilities and production centres, was more dependent on. the urban area (Agbor). Poor road conditions and effects of intervening opportunities prevented a high degree of interaction between the settlements. Therefore, the need to upgrade infrastructures and facilities in the region was stressed, especially for the rural sub region, in order to achieve balance. From the various analyses, the study concluded that the conditions of complementarities and transferability were always satisfied before interaction took place. However, interaction within the study area occurred in spite of the presence of intervening opportunities, which hindered some and not all of interaction volume. Under certain circumstances, inhabitants interacted for personal, economic and socio-cultural purposes, which rendered the attraction of intervening opportunities irrelevant. Therefore, the conditions of complementarities and transferability were regarded as valid, while the intervening opportunity factor was only partly validated.
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    A Comparative Study of Low-Income Housing Schemes in Festac Village and Amuwo Odofin Housing Estate: An Approach to Mass Housing.
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1986) Idowu, Adetokunbo; Olaluyin, L. O.; Falade, J. B.
    This study examines the hypotheses that as people are partly involved in construction of housing, their affordability and satisfaction levels are improved. The study is illustrated with two case studies of low-income households in Amuwo Odofin Housing Estate and in Festac Village, both in Lagos State. Socio-economic variables relating to household income, housing expenditure, work accessibility and amenities were derived from questionnaire survey and used as measures of affordability and satisfaction levels. Scale rating procedure, and significance test were used to correspondingly determine the utilization levels of existing social services and infrastructures, and evaluation of default rates in rent for the two case studies. The study shows that better living conditions exist in Festac Village than Amuwo Odofin Housing Estate. Further analyses based on socio-economic factors and occupancy ratio show that Amuwo Odofin low-income households are more satisfied with their housing and community than those in Festac Village because the housing units are cheaper and the occupants were involved in the construction. The continuous involvement of the government and people in mass housing provision with cross-subsidy approach to housing provision and housing up-grading are recommended for solving housing problems in the areas of study.
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    Physical Planning Implications of Property Development in Akure Ondo State of Nigeria
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1987) Babade, Joseph Babatope; Fayomi, S.O
    Most urban problems have been attributed to the practice of property development in defiance of necessary planning considerations. The case of Akure is examined in this work. In this respect, questionnaires were served on 670 respondents in Akure. The questions require information on physical characteristics of various property types in Akure, and also, on the socio-economic characteristics of the occupiers. Various agencies responsible for urban affairs were contacted on the existing situation. In addition, the physical environment of Akure was critically studied to determine implications of various property types. From the study, the factors that affect various land uses in Akure were identified. These included income, taste and fashion, accessibility, proximity to local amenities and work places, government policy and socio-cultural factors. The existing planning policies were found to be inadequate to meet the requirement of the present situation, the implications of which call for a review. For example, the social and other supporting facilities like recreational park, roads and water supply are found to be grossly inadequate. It is also observed that there is a lack of proper co-ordination of various public agencies supplying social services. Based on these findings, certain policies are recommended with appropriate institutional machinery for urban planning development. The strategies suggested include formulation of planning and development policies starting from the local level, site and services schemes, establishment of Green Belt and enactment of Edicts restricting felling of trees within Akure sub-region. Others include Edicts controlling air and water pollution and the enforcement of planning regulations without prejudice.
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    Physical Planning Implications of Property Development in Akure Ondo State of Nigeria.
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1987) Babade, Joseph Babatope; Fayomi, S.O.
    Most urban problems have been attributed to the practice of property development in defiance of necessary planning considerations. The case of Akure is examined in this work. In this respect, questionnaires were served on 670 respondents in Akure. The questions require information on physical characteristics of various property types in Akure, and also, on the socio-economic characteristics of the occupiers. Various agencies responsible for urban affairs were contacted on the existing situation. In addition, the physical environment of Akure was critically studied to determine implications of various property types. From the study, the factors that affect various land uses in Akure were identified. These included income, taste and fashion, accessibility, proximity to local amenities and work places, government policy and socio-cultural factors. The existing planning policies were found to be inadequate to meet the requirement of the present situation, the implications of which call for a review. For example, the social and other supporting facilities like recreational park, roads and water supply are found to be grossly inadequate. It is also observed that there is a lack of proper co-ordination of various public agencies supplying social services. Based on these findings, certain policies are recommended with appropriate institutional machinery for urban planning development. The strategies suggested include formulation of planning and development policies starting from the local level, site and services schemes, establishment of Green Belt and enactment of Edicts restricting felling of trees within Akure sub-region. Others include Edicts controlling air and water pollution and the enforcement of planning regulations without prejudice.
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    The Physical Planning Implications of Housing Estate Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
    (2015-05-05) Olajuyin, Olusola Isola; Fadare, S. O.
    The study examined the physical planning implications of housing estate development in Akure with a view to providing information on the effects of location of public housing estates on the activity patterns of the residents. Twenty percent (205%) of the total housing units (2600) in the estates were systematically selected for the study. One questionnaire was administered on one household head per house. Random sampling was used in selecting the first house for the study after which the fifth (5th) house was selected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data obtained. The results showed that Alagbaka, Oba-Ile and Ijapo estates were high income estates where the respondents earned an average monthly income of forty thousand naira. The average monthly income in Afunbiowo and Ala estates were twenty thousand naira. Majority of the respondents in the estates (79.0%) had secondary educational status or above and an average of 5 persons per house-hold in the housing estates. The result also showed that the location significantly related with the total number o f daily trips made by the residents (x2 = 63.25 p, < 0.05). It also showed that location of the estates was significantly related to distance traveled to work (x2 = 78.45, p < 0.05), and also that the location of the estates had significant influence on the total shopping trips made weekly (x2 = 92.92, p < 0.05). Results further revealed a positive relationship between house-hold size and social and recreational trips (r = 0.16, p < 0.05) and distance traveled to shopping (r = 0.13 p < 0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between educational level and distance traveled to work (r = 0.10, p < 0.05). It was revealed in the analysis that income level correlated significantly with the total number of trips to shopping (r = 0.l8, p < 0.05). Distance traveled to shopping ((r = 0.15, p < 0.05). and distance traveled to recreational activities (r = 0.13. p < 0.05). The study concluded that the mobility patterns of the residents in the housing estates were significantly determined by their housing locations and their socio economic status.
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    The Effects of Household Environmental Factors on Residents' Health in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
    (2015-05-08) Olawuni, Peter Olabiyi
    This study examined the household environmental and socio-economic factors of residents in the low, medium and high residential areas in Osogbo. This was with a view to evaluating the impact of these factors on their health. Data were collected in the purposively selected 94 buildings in the high residential density zone, 140 in the medium and 198 buildings in the low density, making a total of 432 buildings in the study area. These were taken from the selected 19 grids in the high density, 46 in the medium, and 60 in the low density, making a total of 125 grids in all. Osogbo representative map was georeferenced and converted to digital format using ILWIS 3.2 and later exported to ArcView 3.2 environment, where the data collected on each digitized sampled household, though questionnaire were attached as attributes to form database. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that incidence of stomach ache (10.4%) and diarrhoea (10.4%) were higher among respondents living in the high residential densities. In addition, incidences of malaria (27.9%) diarrhoea (14.5%) and stomach ache (12.8%) were higher also in the high residential density than in medium and low residential densities. Respondents that depended on public tap water in the high residential density had higher incidence of typhoid (14.5%) than in the other residential densities. Among respondents that depended on plastic tanks as water storage facility, malaria (36.6%) and stomach ache (14.9%) were higher in the low than the high and medium residential density areas and, diarrhoea (9.8%), was higher among respondents that use galvanized tanks in the high residential density than other areas. Stomach ache (19.1%) and diarrhoea (18.0%) were higher among respondents that depended on pit latrines in the high residential density than in the other two residential densities. Also, malaria (43.8%) and typhoid (7.2%) were higher among respondents that dump their wastes on empty land in the medium residential density than in the other two residential densities. The study further showed that there exist significant differences between residential density and some environmental factors such as, household water sources (X2 = 92.739; p = 0.000), methods of in-house waste storage (X2 = 19.851; p = 0.011) and places of waste disposal (X2 = 19.028; p = 0.015). This study concluded that environmental factors affected the health of residents in varying degree in the residential density areas, and more so in the high density area.
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    Regional Impacts of Small Scale Industrial Enterprises in Akoko Region of Ondo State
    (2015-09-29) Fatusin, A. F.; Olayiwola, L. M.
    The study examined the regional planning effects of small scale industrial enterprises in Akoko region of Ondo State. It had the objectives of identifying the types, and pattern of distribution, evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of stakeholders, and assess the socio-economic and environmental effects of this industrial sub-sector on its immediate environment. In order to collect data for the study Ikare, Akungba and Iboropa were purposively selected to represent major towns, minor towns and major villages in the region. Primary data were collected through the' use of four sets of questionnaires administered on proprietors, employees, customers and residents living in the immediate environment of the industries. By using systematic random sampling, two hundred and four (204) firms representing 50% of industries in the three settlements were selected for investigation. Consequently, two hundred and four (204) proprietors were interviewed using the first set of questionnaires. The second set of questionnaires was administered on two workers also purposively sampled per firm, to give a sample size of 480 workers. The third set of questionnaire was administered on two major customers who were purposively selected in each of the sampled enterprises, to make a total of 408 customers. The last set of 204 questionnaires was administered on one household head of the closest residential buildings to the already sampled small enterprises. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Nearest Neighbour Index and factor analysis as appropriate. The findings of the study revealed that informal enterprises account for 88.2% of all the enterprises in the region. The study also established variation in the spatial distribution of industries in the region. For example while the Rn (Nearest Neighbour Index) of these enterprises in Ikare was 1.65 indicating random distribution, the Rn value for Akungba was 1.88, which is dispersed but tending towards regularity. The Rn value for Iboropa is 1.5 which is clearly random. However, the application of t-test to compare the distributional patterns of formal and informal enterprises revealed that there is no significant difference in the distributional patterns of the two classes of industries since t = 0.043 and (P>0.05). The application of factor analysis revealed that nearness to sources of raw materials, power, market and access to land were the most important factors in the location of small enterprises since eigen values of these locational factors (1.95, 1.15, 1.07 and 1.06) were more than 1.00. The study also established the overriding dominance of males as factory owners (74.50%), as workers (64%) and as distributors (53.2%). Moreover, the study revealed significant backward and forward linkages (84%) but low vertical linkage (27%) among small enterprises. The study concluded by establishing the indispensability of small scale industrial enterprises as a tool of comprehensive regional development.