Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral- Journal Articles
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- ItemOpen AccessZygomatic complex fractures in a suburban Nigerian population(Dental Traumatology, 2005) Vincent Ugboko; Christopher Udoye; Kizito Ndukwe; Adewumi Amole; Stephen AregbesolaA retrospective analysis of 128 zygomatic complex fractures was undertaken. There were 109 males (85.2%) and 19 females (14.8%), aged 3–74 years (mean ± SD, 33 ± 12.6 years). Patients in the third decade of life (38.3%) recorded the highest incidence. Road traffic accidents (74.2%) mainly from automobile (61.7%) and motorcycle (9.4%) involvement were the predominant etiology. While 38.8% of them presented within the first 24 h, males were relatively earlier than their female counterparts, although this was not statistically significant. Class 3 fractures were the commonest (50%), followed by classes 2 (zygomatic arch) and 4, respectively. Most class 6 fractures (6.3%) resulted from gunshot injuries. There were 116 unilateral (left 63, right 53) and 12 bilateral fractures with the right side of the face recording more zygomatic arch fractures. In addition, statistical significance was observed between etiology, class and type of fracture. One hundred and twenty‐four (136 fractures) patients were available for treatment as four declined. Twelve cases did not require treatment while others were managed by either closed or open reduction under general anesthesia. Gillies’ temporal approach was the commonest (57.1%) surgical technique employed. However the unstable nature of the fractures necessitated open reduction and transosseous wiring in 33 cases. The high prevalence of zygomatic complex fractures arising from vehicular accidents reflects the poor status of the road network in rural and suburban Nigerian communities. Hence government should improve on existing infrastructures, decongest the highways and enforce traffic laws amongst road users. In addition, the need to encourage massive investments in safer alternative transport systems is emphasized.
- ItemOpen AccessNovel IRF6 mutations in families with Van Der Woude syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome from sub-Saharan Africa.(Molecular Genetics and Genomic Medicine, 2014-05-01T00:00:00Z) Butali, Azeez; Mossey, Peter A; Adeyemo, Wasiu L; Eshete, Mekonen A; Gaines, LauRen A; Even, Dee; Braimah, Ramat O; Aregbesola, Babatunde S; Rigdon, Jennifer V; Emeka, Christian I; James, Olutayo; Ogunlewe, Mobolanle O; Ladeinde, Akinola L; Abate, Fikre; Hailu, Taye; Mohammed, Ibrahim; Gravem, Paul E; Deribew, Milliard; Gesses, Mulualem; Adeyemo, Adebowale A; Murray, Jeffrey COrofacial clefts (OFC) are complex genetic traits that are often classified as syndromic or nonsyndromic clefts. Currently, there are over 500 types of syndromic clefts in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, of which Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common (accounting for 2% of all OFC). Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is considered to be a more severe form of VWS. Mutations in the IRF6 gene have been reported worldwide to cause VWS and PPS. Here, we report studies of families with VWS and PPS in sub-Saharan Africa. We screened the DNA of eight families with VWS and one family with PPS from Nigeria and Ethiopia by Sanger sequencing of the most commonly affected exons in IRF6 (exons 3, 4, 7, and 9). For the VWS families, we found a novel nonsense variant in exon 4 (p.Lys66X), a novel splice-site variant in exon 4 (p.Pro126Pro), a novel missense variant in exon 4 (p.Phe230Leu), a previously reported splice-site variant in exon 7 that changes the acceptor splice site, and a known missense variant in exon 7 (p.Leu251Pro). A previously known missense variant was found in exon 4 (p.Arg84His) in the PPS family. All the mutations segregate in the families. Our data confirm the presence of IRF6-related VWS and PPS in sub-Saharan Africa and highlights the importance of screening for novel mutations in known genes when studying diverse global populations. This is important for counseling and prenatal diagnosis for high-risk families.
- ItemOpen AccessNovel GREM1 Variations in Sub-Saharan African Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate(American Cleft Palate- Cranlofacial Association, 2018) Lord Jephthah Joojo Gowans; Ganiyu Oseni; Peter A. Mossey; Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo; Mekonen A. Eshete; Tamara D. Busch; Peter Donkor; Solomon Obiri-Yeboah; Gyikua Plange-Rhule; Alexander A. Oti; Arwa Owais; Peter B. Olaitan; Babatunde S. Aregbesola; Fadekemi O. Oginni; Seidu A. Bello; Rosemary Audu; Chika Onwuamah; Pius Agbenorku; Mobolanle O. Ogunlewe; Lukman O. Abdur-Rahman; Mary L. Marazita; A. A. Adeyemo; Jeffrey C. Murray; Azeez ButaliObjective: Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) are congenital anomalies of the face and have multifactorial etiology, with both environmental and genetic risk factors playing crucial roles. Though at least 40 loci have attained genomewide significant association with nonsyndromic CL/P, these loci largely reside in noncoding regions of the human genome, and subsequent resequencing studies of neighboring candidate genes have revealed only a limited number of etiologic coding variants. The present study was conducted to identify etiologic coding variants in GREM1, a locus that has been shown to be largely associated with cleft of both lip and soft palate. Patients and Method: We resequenced DNA from 397 sub-Saharan Africans with CL/P and 192 controls using Sanger sequencing. Following analyses of the sequence data, we observed 2 novel coding variants in GREM1. These variants were not found in the 192 African controls and have never been previously reported in any public genetic variant database that includes more than 5000 combined African and African American controls or from the CL/P literature. Results: The novel variants include p.Pro164Ser in an individual with soft palate cleft only and p.Gly61Asp in an individual with bilateral cleft lip and palate. The proband with the p.Gly61Asp GREM1 variant is a van der Woude (VWS) case who also has an etiologic variant in IRF6 gene. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that there is low number of etiologic coding variants in GREM1, confirming earlier suggestions that variants in regulatory elements may largely account for the association between this locus and CL/P
- ItemOpen AccessThree-rooted mandibular third molar in a Nigerian adult(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2019) Aliu Adamson Rufai; Bamidele Adetokunbo Famurewa; Stephen Babatunde AregbesolaThis is a letter to the Editor reporting a case of a 34‑year‑old Nigerian female with a three‑rooted right mandibular third molar. The tooth was extracted through an intra‑alveolar approach.
- ItemOpen AccessILLNESS BEHAVIOUR AND UTILIZATION OF ORAL HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AMONG TRADERS IN MUSHIN MARKET(Unilag Journal of Medicine, Science and Technology (UJMST), 2019) Olu-Awe OI1, Dedeke AA, Alade OT, Uti OG, Sofola OOMaintenance of good oral hygiene is of paramount importance to oral health, this is due to the fact that oral health is a mirror of overall health and well-being. The use of available oral health facilities is a step in the right direction. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, level of utilization, and illness behavior of traders in Mushin market towards use of oral health care facilities. Cross-sectional study comprised of 300 adults traders with stalls in Mushin market. Data was collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire, with segments on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, level of utilization, and illness behavior towards the use of oral health care facilities. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info, version 7. Test of association was assessed using Chi-square test (P=0.05). A total of 300 adults participated in this study with a mean age of 37.7±12.1. Two hundred and eleven (70.3%) were females, two hundred and sixty one (87.3%) had a good level of knowledge of oral health care facilities. Only ten (3.3%) respondents had any significant level of dental health facility utilization, 90 % had poor illness behaviours as regards oral healthcare. Although most respondent had a good knowledge of dental health facilities in close proximity and availability of dental services, most sought treatment in numerous places apart from the dental clinic
- ItemOpen AccessHead and neck lipomas: A clinicopathologic analysis of 36 cases(Journal of Cancer Research and Experimental Oncology, 2019-09-18) Babatunde Aregbesola Stephen; Adetokunbo Famurewa Bamidele; Oladele Soyele Olujide; Oluwole Komolafe AkinwumiLipomas are common benign soft tissue tumors, with 15 to 20% of the cases affecting the head and neck region and 1 to 4% involving the oral cavity. The literature has many reported cases of head and neck lipoma but few comprehensive studies hence, the aim of this study was to review and analyze the clinical and histopathologic features of head and neck lipomas in Nigerians. A fifteen-year retrospective study evaluated thirty-six cases of head and neck lipomas among Nigerians. Head and neck lipomas constituted about one-tenth (9.4%) of the total body lipomas seen over the study period. The peak age incidence was fifth decade of life and most (58.3%) of these patients were older than 40 years. There was male gender predilection with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The most common site of occurrence was forehead (41.7%), followed by scalp and cheek (16.7% each). Lipomas were seen in two intraoral locations (lip and tongue) and these accounted for 13.9% of the head and neck lipomas and 1.3% of lipomas in the whole body. The average size of the lesion was 3.3 cm. Head and neck lipomas are fairly common among Nigerians who are more than 40 years of age. While the conventional and fibrolipoma were the two histologic variants recorded, complete surgical excision of the lesion offered satisfactory treatment outcome.
- ItemOpen AccessPerformance Evaluation of a Classification Model for Oral Tumor Diagnosis(Computer and Information Science, 2020) Awoyelu I. O.1 , Ojo B. R.1 , Aregbesola S. B.2 , & Soyele O. OThis paper extracted features from region of interest of histopathology images, formulated a classification model for diagnosis, simulated the model and evaluated the performance of the model. This is with a view to developing a histopathology image classification model for oral tumor diagnosis. The input for the classification is the oral histopathology images obtained from Obafemi Awolowo University Dental Clinic histopathology archive. The model for oral tumor diagnosis was formulated using the multilayered perceptron type of artificial neural network. Image preprocessing on the images was done using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), features were extracted using Gray Level Confusion Matrix (GLCM). The important features were identified using Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) algorithm. The model classified oral tumor diagnosis into five classes: Ameloblastoma, Giant Cell Lesions, Pleomorphic Adenoma, Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The performance of the model was evaluated using specificity and sensitivity. The result obtained showed that the model yielded an average accuracy of 82.14%. The sensitivity and the specificity values of Ameloblastoma were 85.71% and 89.4%, of Giant Cell Lesions were 83.33% and 94.74%, of Pleomorphic Adenoma were 75% and 95.24%, of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma were 100% and 100%,and of Squamous Cell Carcinoma were 71.43% and 94.74% respectively. The model is capable of assisting pathologists in making consistent and accurate diagnosis. It can be considered as a second opinion to augment a pathologist’s diagnostic decision.
- ItemOpen AccessThe impact of playing wind musical instruments on the dental arch dimensions in a male west african population(Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2020) TE Adeyemi; OD OtuyemiBackground: Dental arch dimensions are important considerations in orthodontic treatment planning and monitoring. Objective: This study aimed to compare the dental arch dimensions in wind and non-wind instrument players (WIP and non-WIP). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which compared a group of 50 male subjects aged 18-45 years that had been playing wind instruments for a minimum of 2 years with a control group matched for age in the same environment. The arch dimensions were assessed for both groups by measuring their dental casts using a digital caliper. Data was analyzed using statistical Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) version 17. Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean number of years of playing wind instrument among the WIP was 9.26 ± 6.21 years. All the maxillary arch dimensions were larger in the WIP group except for the palatal depth while the mandibular arch parameters in the non-WIP group were larger than the WIP group except the mandibular arch length. The differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mean maxillary inter-canine width (37.48 ± 1.12 mm), inter-molar width (57.27 ± 1.99 mm), arch length (29.80 ± 2.2.09 mm), and palatal depth (22.21 ± 2.33 mm) for class B instrument (Saxophone and clarinet) players were larger than either the class A instrument (Trumpet and trombone) players or the non-WIP group. These differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Playing a wind instrument as well as the type of instrument played, duration, and frequency of play did not significantly affect dental arch dimensions.
- ItemOpen AccessThe impact of playing wind musical instruments on the dental arch dimensions in a male west african population(Wolters Kluwer ‑ Medknow, 2020) Tayo Emmanuel, Adeyemi; Olayinka Donald OtuyemiBackground: Dental arch dimensions are important considerations in orthodontic treatment planning and monitoring. Objective: This study aimed to compare the dental arch dimensions in wind and non‑wind instrument players (WIP and non‑WIP). Methods: This was a cross‑sectional study which compared a group of 50 male subjects aged 18–45 years that had been playing wind instruments for a minimum of 2 years with a control group matched for age in the same environment. The arch dimensions were assessed for both groups by measuring their dental casts using a digital caliper. Data was analyzed using statistical Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) version 17. Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean number of years of playing wind instrument among the WIP was 9.26 ± 6.21 years. All the maxillary arch dimensions were larger in the WIP group except for the palatal depth while the mandibular arch parameters in the non‑WIP group were larger than the WIP group except the mandibular arch length. The differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mean maxillary inter‑canine width (37.48 ± 1.12 mm), inter‑molar width (57.27 ± 1.99 mm), arch length (29.80 ± 2.2.09 mm), and palatal depth (22.21 ± 2.33 mm) for class B instrument (Saxophone and clarinet) players were larger than either the class A instrument (Trumpet and trombone) players or the non‑WIP group. These differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Playing a wind instrument as well as the type of instrument played, duration, and frequency of play did not significantly affect dental arch dimensions
- ItemOpen AccessPrevalence and Distribution of Cracked Posterior Teeth among Adult Patients(Scientific Research Publishing, 2020) Temiloluwa Olawale Ogundare; Deborah Mojirade Ajayi; Paul Ikhodaro Idon; Cornelius Tokunbo Bamise; Adeleke Oke Oginni; Temitope Ayodeji EsanBackground: There are challenges in detection and prevalence of cracked teeth, especially in asymptomatic cases. This underestimates the actual prevalence and possibility of preventive restorative treatment. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and distribution of cracked posterior teeth among adult patients attending the dental clinic of OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study where consecutive patients aged 18 years and above were examined for the presence of cracked posterior teeth over a period of one year (May 2016-April 2017). The teeth were initially examined with the naked eye. Thereafter, transillumination, methylene blue dye and magnifying lens were used to aid detection of more cracks. Data was analyzed with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 21.0). Level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Out of the 64,370 posterior teeth examined for cracks in 3345 patients, 264 were diagnosed as cracked in 152 patients, giving a patient prevalence of 4.5% and tooth prevalence of 0.4%. Amongst the 152 patients, the prevalence was 9.1%. There was a slightly higher male preponderance while cracked tooth was observed to increase with age (p = 0.007). The skilled (56.6%) and those that attained tertiary education (77.6%, p = 0.023) had more cracked teeth. Mandibular first molar (19.7%) was the most frequently cracked tooth type. The cracks were usually centrally placed (91.7%) and run in a mesiodistal direction (61%). Transillumination (44.7%) detected more cracked teeth. Conclusion: Prevalence of cracked tooth was observed to be low with a slightly higher proportion in male and the figure increases with age. Mandibular first molar was the most frequently cracked tooth while transillumination was the most useful diagnostic tool. Most cracks ran in the mesiodistal direction and fracture lines were usually centrally placed.
- ItemOpen AccessEnvironmental Characteristics of HIV/AIDS Affected Households in a Nigerian Rural Community(International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2021) Omolola T. Alade , Albert A. Abegunde , Joseph A. Adedigba , Ibiyemi Fakande and Michael A. AdedigbaA study of environmental attributes of HIV/AIDS affected households in Ijesa region, Nigeria (N ¼ 297). Data from both primary and secondary sources were used to establish the relationship between socio-economic and environmental characteristics at different rural community zones; namely traditional core, post traditional and contemporary. There were more female HIV/AIDS patients, located in traditional core zones (78.1%) with high house density, living in shared apartments where residents shared sleeping and bath/toilet rooms. Thus, rape was significantly associated with the design and habitation density of households. In addition, widowhood, young age, informal education, menial jobs and unemployment of patients did not correlate with most environmental variables related to HIV/AIDS in contemporary zone compared with traditional zone. However, wealth status and quality education in relation to good housing environment and decent house density were significant in contemporary zone respectively. The study concluded that policies on HIV/AIDS prevalence at rural community level should focus more on high density areas having poor socio-economic and environmental characteristics.