Faculty of Social Sciences

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Browsing Faculty of Social Sciences by Subject "antibiotic resistance"

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    Molecular Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from selected Livestock Farms in Osun State, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo Universty, 2022) Taofiq, Adewale Sulayman
    This study isolated Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from rectal and faecal samples of some selected livestock farms in Osun State, Nigeria, investigated the antibiotic susceptibility characteristics and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) phenotype properties of the confirmed isolates, as well as determined the occurrence of some clinically important resistant genes in the isolates. These were with a view to providing information for the mapping of antimicrobial resistance in the agroecosystem. A total of 197 samples were collected from apparently healthy cattle (13 faecal), pigs (61 rectal), and poultry (123 faecal) from 12 selected livestock farms within Osun State. Rectal swabs were collected by gently inserting moistened sterile swab sticks into the rectum of the animals while fresh faecal droppings were scooped with sterile swab sticks. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were presumptively isolated based on cultural characteristics. The identity of the presumptive isolates was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction detection of the uidA (E.coli) and ITS (K. pneumoniae). Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method based on the interpretative standard described by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. The presence of genes encoding clinically significant resistance determinants was also determined using polymerase chain reaction for the isolates. A total of 238 presumptive E. coli isolates and 123 presumptive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recovered from the collected samples. Out of the presumptive isolates, 207 (87%) and 66 (53.7%) were confirmed as E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively, using polymerase chain reaction. However, 32 (48.5%) non-repetitive K. pneumoniae isolates and 90 (43.5%) non-repetitive E. coli isolates were selected for further analysis. For the E. coli isolates, a high resistance rate was observed against tetracycline (81.1%), ciprofloxacin (40%) and ampicillin (36.7%). In the K. pneumoniae isolates, high resistance rates were observed against ampicillin (78.1%), ciprofloxacin (65.6%) and tetracycline (50%). The multiple antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates revealed resistance against at least three different antibiotics, while the multiple antibiotic resistance indices ranged from 0.3 to 0.8. Genes encoding beta-lactamases:blaTEM (83.3%), blaOXA-1-LIKE (37.8%), blaSHV (4.4%) blaFOX (68.9%), blaACC (45.6%), blaCIT (41.1%), blaMOX (10%), blaDHA (2.2%), blaEBC (2.2%), and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes: qepA (25.6%), aac(6’)-Ib-cr (16.7%), oqxB (64.4%), oqxA (16.7%), qnrB (2.2%), qnrA (14.4%) and qnrS (45.6%) were detected in the E. coli isolates, while, blaTEM (78.1%), blaOXA-1-LIKE (75%), blaSHV (68.8%) blaFOX (75%), blaACC (34.4%), blaCIT (6.3%), qepA (18.8%), aac(6’)-Ib-cr (21.9%), oqxB (100%), oqxA (71.9%), qnrB (9.4%), and qnrS (28.1%) were detected in the K. pneumoniae isolates. This study concluded that multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, harbouring clinically significant resistance genes are present in livestock which could be transferred to humans through direct contact or the food chain. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and beta-lactamases genes, often reported in clinical settings, were detected in some of the isolates in this study.