Faculty of Social Sciences

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Open Access
A comparative analysis of health expenditure, health outcome and economic growth in selected Sub-Saharan African Countries (2000 - 2020)
(Department of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023) Nmormah, Abaloku Sylvester
This study examined the trend of public and private health expenditure, health outcome and economic growth and appraised the health financing strategy of Nigeria, Ethiopia, DR Congo and South Africa. It also evaluated the effect of public and private health expenditure on health outcome and investigated the dynamic relationship among health expenditure, health outcome and economic growth in the study countries. This is with a view to determining the interrelationship among public and private health expenditure, health outcome and economic growth.
Open Access
ANALYSIS OF LANDUSE/COVER CHANGE IN OMOTOSHO FOREST RESERVE, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
(DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY., 2022) SUNDAY SEFUNMI ADEFUNRIN
This study identified land use/cover in Omotosho Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria, and analysed changing pattern of land use/cover in the forest reserve. It also measured the extent of forest loss to different land uses, and examined the drivers of land use change in the forest reserve. These are with the view to determining the extent of forest degradation in the forest reserve. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and used primary and secondary datasets. The primary data included the coordinates of selected features (settlements, rivers and rocks) in the forest reserve, and these were obtained using a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS). They also included the responses of 36 Key Informants (six purposively selected adults (aged > 30 years) persons from six settlements around forest reserve). The secondary data were Landsat ETM+ 2000, Landsat OLI 2010, Sentinel 2015 and Sentinel 2020 satellite images of the study area. The satellite imageries were first processed and georeferenced using the coordinate values of the selected features, before they were analysed using remote sensing and Geographical Information Science procedures in ArcGIS (10.4 version). Derived values from the analysis were analysed using frequency and percentage distribution techniques. Responses of the key informants were analysed using content analysis. The results showed that the identified dominant land use/cover in the study area were dense forest (29,727 ha), shrubs (14,348 ha), farmland (13,462 ha), settlements (8,252 ha), open spaces (3,014 ha) and water bodies (699 ha). Results also showed that while farmland increased in area cover between the period of study (from 9,247 ha – 13,462 ha), areas covered by settlements also increased (from 4,718 ha – 8,252 ha), open spaces increased in area covered from (984 ha – 3,014 ha) and scrubs increased from 10,108 ha – 14,348 ha), amount of
Open Access
Analysis of the driving behaviour of micra taxi drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria.
(Department of Geography, Faculty of Social science. Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) OLADEPO, Oluwasegun
This study examined the socio-economic and driving characteristics of Micra taxi drivers in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. It also described the types of driving behaviour and the spatial pattern of driving behaviour of the drivers; analysed factors accounting for different driving behavioral pattern among the drivers; and examined the nature of the association between drivers’ characteristics and their driving behaviour in the study area. These were with a view to determining the types and factors influencing driving behaviour of Micra taxi drivers in the study area. Descriptive research design was adopted by the study. Primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data were collected through field observation of Micra taxi drivers driving behaviour, focus group discussion with drivers, and from the administration of commuters’ questionnaire. The sampling frame for the study consisted of Micra taxi drivers and commuters in all the 11 local government areas (LGAs) in Ibadan. In selecting the drivers and commuters of Micra Taxis, random sampling technique was used. A sample size of 770 (20%) Micra taxis was randomly selected for naturalistic observation from the 3,850 Micra taxis registered in the area. For the administration of commuters’ questionnaire, major routes plied by Micra taxis and adjoining streets were selected from each of the eleven LGAs, through multistage sampling technique. Based on the 2020 projected population of the LGAs (5,345,538), a sample size of 0.01 percent (535) of the population of commuters’ was randomly selected for administration of questionnaire. The selected commuters must have used Micra taxi a day before the interview. Four focus group discussions consisting of 10 drivers each were conducted with Micra drivers in four of the 11 LGAs. Secondary data on routes used by Micra taxi and other relevant documents was extracted from archives of the Federal Road Safety Corps. Data collected were analysed using percentage distribution, Relative Important Index (RII), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation, multiple regression and factor analysis. The results showed that 84.7% of the Micra drivers were adults (30-60 years), while the youths (18-29 years) accounted for the remaining 14.8%. All the drivers were male. The dominant types of poor driving behaviour were; reckless (53%), risky (16.3%) and distracted (6.75%) driving behaviours. In terms of results from qualitative data, most of the drivers in the focus group discussions agreed that they drive recklessly and risky in their approach to other road users. The results also showed homogeneous spatial pattern in driving behaviour (F=2.103 – 2.797, ≤ 0.05). The major factors affecting behavioral pattern the drivers were; drivers’ carefree attitude and excesses (RII = 0.768), scouting for passengers (RII=0.724), driver's temperament (RII= 0.674), road condition (RII=0.643), and traffic situation - congestion and delay (RII=0.634). Lastly, there was an association between drivers/vehicle characteristics and driving behavior; whereas drivers age was inversely associated with selected behaviour (“reckless”, “risky” and “self-willed”) (β = -1.91 0.21, ≤ 0.05); “availability of side mirror” and “condition of taxi” were heterogeneously (partly positive or negative) with the behaviour. The study concluded that the major types of driving behaviour among Micra taxi drivers in the study area were risky and reckless driving behaviours and that the main factors influencing the behaviour were drivers’ carefree attitude and excesses.
Open Access
Assessement and managent of health related Quality of life of Cardiovascular Patients Caregivers in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex., Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria.
(Department of Psychology, Faculty Social sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria., 2022) Stephen Ishola Babatunde
The study determined the level of health-related quality of life of caregivers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) patients in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), It also examined the predictive role of psychological distress on health-related quality of life of caregivers of CVDs patient and assessed the influence of socio-demographic factors on health-related quality of life of CVDs patient’s caregivers. It further investigated the efficacy of psycho-educational program on the health-related quality of life of caregivers of CVDs patients in the study area. These were with the view to providing information on the assessment and management of health-related quality of life of CVDs patients’ caregivers in the study area. The study carried out in two phases involve assessment (survey) and management (experimental). Primary data were used for the study. A descriptive survey design was adopted in the first phase of the study. A sample of 42 caregivers was purposively selected for the study. Two standardised psychological scales;the 15D Health-related Quality of Life Scale (HQOL) and Kessler’s Psychological Scale (KPS).The one-group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental research design was adopted in the second phase of the study. Data collected were analysed using percentage counts and the independent sample t-test. The respondents in the second phase were those who scored 11-15 on the HRQoL. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 respondents, who were enrolled into the intervention (experimental) group. Only the HRQoL was used for the data collection. Data collected in this phase were analysed using the t-test. The Results showed that majority 17(40.47%) of the caregivers have poor health-related quality of life. The results also showed a significant prediction of psychological distress on the dimension of physical functioning and support (β = 0.31, t=2.10 p<0.05; β = 0.35, t=2.15 p<0.05) respectively. The results also showed that there was no socio-demographic differences and effects on the outcome variables. Finally, psycho-educational programme therapy had statistically significantly enhanced the health-related quality of life of caregivers of CVDs patients(mean = 9.600, SD = 1.26, t = 8.433, df = 9, p < .05). The study concluded that psychological distress and their support have significant predictive role on health-related quality of life and psycho-education therapy can help improve the health quality of life of caregivers of CVD which actually has provided information on the assessment and management of health-related quality of life of CVDs patients’ caregivers in the study area.
Open Access
Assessing the Flood Risks Associated with Sea Level Rise and Intense Rainfall in the Coastal City of Lagos State, Nigeria
(Department of Geography, Faculty of Social sciences ,Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023) SALAMI, Moses Adelakun
This study examined variability and trends in the magnitude-frequency of intense rainfall between the years 2000 and 2021 in the coastal area of Lagos; investigated variability and trend in the sea level of the Gulf of Guinea part of the Atlantic Ocean bordering the study area; investigated the relationship between sea level rise and magnitude-frequency of rainfall and flooding in the area; and assessed the flood risks associated with the sea level rise and magnitude-frequency of intense rainfall in the study area. These were with a view to determining the flood risks associated with rising sea levels and increasing frequency and magnitude of intense rainfall in the study area.
Open Access
Coception of a good old age among Literate Adults in Osun State, Nigeria.
(Dept of psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2015) Abadahunsi,R.O.
This study examined the conception of a good old age among various groups of adults and described the influence of gender, age, marital status, religion educational level on the conception of a good old age in Osun State. This was with a view to define and determine factors that influence the definition of successful aging among literate adults in Nigeria.
Open Access
Corporate governance , cash holdings and firm value of qouted Non-financial firms in Nigeria.
(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2015) Abanikanda, Ezekiel Olamide
The study examines the patterns of cash holdings and firm value of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria over the period of 2008 to 2013. It also examines the effect of Corporate governance and cash holdings on form value of quoted non financial firms in Nigeria.
Open Access
Determinants, levels and patterns of internal migration in Nigeria
(Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2013) PAI, Haruna Halilu
The study investigated the socio-demographic characteristics of internal migrants in Nigeria; analyzed the patterns of flow of internal migrants in Nigeria. examined the levels and streams of internal migration in Nigeria; and assessed the factors that influence migration in Nigeria. This was with a view to examining the determinants, levels and patterns of internal migration in Nigeria. This study concluded that variations existed in the internal mobility of people between and among the 6 geo-political Zones of the Country and posited social ,economic and political implications on the nation.
Open Access
Differential in pregnancy planning status among adolescents in Nigeria.
(Department of Demography and Social Statistics , Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) Yusuf, Ikuteyijo Olatunji
The study examined the regional differentials in pregnancy planning status among adolescents in North and South Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to examine the pregnancy planning status among adolescents in Nigeria, compared the socio-demographic factors influencing pregnancy planning status, and examine the influence of exposure to family planning information on pregnancy planning status among adolescents in North and South Nigeria. These were with a view to examining the similarities and differences factors that influences pregnancy planning status among adolescents in North and South Nigeria The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The data for the study was obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The study was based on a sample of 1,531 adolescents extracted from the NDHS data, who were either pregnant or already had a child. Nigeria was classified into six regions of North Central, North East, North West, South East, South South and South West was reclassified into two, namely: North (North Central, North East and North West) and South (South East, South South and South West). Data on the background characteristics of the respondents, information on family planning, women autonomy and pregnancy decision were extracted from individual recode dataset from the survey. The extracted quantitative data was analysed using frequency and percentage for the descriptive analysis and chi-square was used for the bivariate analysis while binary logistic regression was used for the multi-variant analysis. The result revealed that majority (93.5%) of adolescents’ pregnancy in the North were planned while only 41.2% of the adolescents’ pregnancy in the South were planned. It wasfound that marital status, religion and place of residence were significantly related to pregnancy planning status among adolescent in both North and South region, whereas socio-demographic factors like level of education, wealth index and parity had statistical significant relationship on pregnancy planning status among adolescents in the North. The study further found that age as first birth influenced pregnancy planning status among adolescents in the South while husband/partner level of education and adolescents’ participation on healthcare decision had statistical significant influence on pregnancy planning status among adolescents in the North. The study found that adolescents in both North and South had a low level of exposure to family planning information. The study therefore concluded that pregnancy planning status among adolescents varied greatly by regional demographic and socio-demographic characteristics, therefore, in Intervention or policies on adolescents’ pregnancy should be regional specific.
Open Access
Effect of fiscal policy on private consumption in Nigeria (1981-2011)
(Economics,Obafemi Awolowo University, 2014) Oseni, Isiaq Olasunkanmi
The study examined the trend and pattern of fiscal policy variables and private consumption; established the existence of Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis using Nigerian data; analyzed the relationship between government debt and private consumption; determined the impact of fiscal policy shocks on private consumption and investigated the effects of anticipated and unanticipated fiscal policy shocks on private consumption. This was with a view to providing information for announcement and post implementation effects of changes in fiscal policy variables on private consumption in Nigeria between 1981 and 2011. Secondary data were used for the study. Quarterly time series data on the Government Revenue, Government Expenditure, Government Debt, Interest Rates and Private Consumption from 1981:1 to 2011:4 were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin for various years (2008 – 2011) while data on Total Wealth, Disposable Income and Distortionary taxes were collected from World Development Indication, 2011. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric techniques. The results of the trend and pattern analysis showed that there were cyclical movement between fiscal policy variables and private consumption in Nigeria for the periods of study. The results on the existence of Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis in Nigeria indicated that only government expenditure confirmed the existence of Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis in Nigeria (β = -0.1598, p<0.05) while other variables like distortionary taxes (β = 0.3837, p<0.05 instead of β = 0, p<0.05); disposable income (β = 0.0244, p>0.05 instead of β ≠ 0 , p<0.05); government debt (β = -0.3881, p<0.05 instead of β = -0 , p<0.05) and total wealth (β = 0.0793, p<0.05 instead β = 0 , p<0.05) showed that Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis did not hold in Nigeria. The study also showed that government debt (β = -0.1208, p<0.05) had negative and significant effect on private consumption in Nigeria. The SVAR results revealed that government revenue shock (β = -0.97, p<0.05) and government spending shock (β = -0.36, p<0.05) had negative and significant impacts on private consumption while government debt shock (β = -0.38, p>0.05) had positive and insignificant effect on private consumption. Finally, the study also revealed that the coefficients of anticipated fiscal policy shocks (ε_t^ag= 1.6313, p<0.05; ε_t^ab= 0.1730, p<0.1 and ε_t^atr= -0.4003, p>0.05) had significant impacts on private consumption while the coefficients of unanticipated fiscal policy shocks (ε_t^ug= 9.81E-07, p<0.05; ε_t^ub= -2.33E-07, p<0.05 and ε_t^utr= -7.50E-08, p>0.05) had no significant effect on private consumption in Nigeria. The study concluded that the existence of REH in Nigeria was inconclusive. Also the announcement of government policies had immediate effect on private consumption while the implementation period had no effect on private consumption.
Open Access
Energy consumption and sectoral output performance in Nigeria (1981-2019)
(Department of economics, Faculty of social sciences, Obafemi Awolow University., 2022) ADEYEMI Owolabi Williams
The study examined a trend analysis of energy consumption and sectoral outputs in Nigeria,identified the direction of causality between energy consumption and sectoral outputs in Nigeria within the period of 1981-2019, and also determined the effect of energy consumption on sectoral outputs. These were with a view to examining the relationship between energy consumption and sectoral output performance in Nigeria.The descriptive research design, and annual secondary data for the period of 1981-2019 were employed in the study. Data on real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), energy consumption, labour force, exchange rate and agricultural, crude petroleum & mining, manufacturing, construction, and trade & services outputs for the study period were sourced from World Development Indicators (WDIs, 2021) published by the World Bank, and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study used descriptive statistics in form of tables and graphs, while the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) error correction mechanism model was adopted for the short run effect analysis, and the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) with allowance for structural breaks was adopted for long run effect analysis. The results, in relation to the trend analysis, revealed that the trend of sectoral energy consumption demonstrated a divergent pattern from those of the key sectors of the economy. Specifically, turbulent trend patterns were observed for the energy consumption by each sector, which signified different energy availability and consumption patterns for the sectors, whose outputs showed a somewhat slow but progressive growth. On the issue of causality, the study established a unidirectional causality running from agricultural output to energy consumption (χ2= 11.1569, p < 0.001). Similar finding was established between trade and services output and energy consumption (χ2 = 8.8806, p < 0.001). However, a bidirectional causation was established between energy consumption (χ2 = 31.7560, p < 0.05) and manufacturing output (χ2 = 4.1180, p < 0.0424). The study further established no causality between energy consumption and both crude petroleum & mining, and construction output. On the effect of energy consumption on the disaggregated sectors of the economy, the study established that the agricultural sector experienced positive and significant effect of energy consumption (t = 3.3874, p < 0.01). However, a study further established that energy consumption has significantly negative effect on the construction sector output (t = -2.13, p < 0.05), while it also revealed that energy consumption has positive but insignificant effect on the trade & services sector. In the long run, however, the study reveals that energy consumption has both positive and significant effect on agricultural output (t = 5.49, p < 0.01), manufacturing output (t = 10.03, p < 1), construction output (t = 2.79, p < 0.01), and trade & services output (t = 18.82, p < 0.01). The study concluded that though there is positive relationship between energy consumption and sectoral performance in Nigeria, the contribution of the sectors to Nigeria’s economic growth is low, which is due to inadequate energy consumption.
Open Access
Exchange rate dynamics, trade openness and indusstrial productivity in Nigeria (1986-2019)
(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) FAGBOYO, Rachel Jolayemi
The study analysed the trends of exchange rate and industrial productivity in Nigeria (1986 - 2019). It also determined the dynamic interaction among exchange rate, trade openness and industrial productivity in Nigeria within the period. It also investigated the effects of exchange rate dynamics and trade openness impacts on industrial productivity in Nigeria in the study period. These were with a view to examine the relationship among exchange rate dynamics, trade openness and industrial productivity. Descriptive survey research design was adopted and annual secondary data between 1986 and 2019 were employed. Data on industrial productivity, exchange rate dynamics, trade openness, inflation rate, exchange rate, private sector credit, interest rate and real gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained from the annual publications of Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2019 edition and World Bank Development Indicators, 2019. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics Vector Autoregressive and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square Methods. The results showed that exchange rate is highly unstable in the system and industrial productivity witnessed a rise and a fall throughout the period under study. In addition, the results on the effect of exchange rate dynamics and trade openness on industrial productivity revealed a negative effect of exchange rate dynamics on industrial productivity in the long run (t = 2.34; p < 0.05). This implies that exchange rate dynamics exert a negative influence on industrial productivity and trade openness increases industrial productivity. Lastly, the results showed that private sector credit and real gross domestic have positive impact on industrial productivity in Nigeria (t = 15.39; p < 0.05) (t = 17.47; p< 0.05). xiii The study concluded that there was a positive relationship between trade openness and industrial productivity, and a negative relationship between exchange rate dynamics and industrial productivity in Nigeria.
Open Access
External shocks, exchange rate regimes and macroeconomics performance in Nigeria (1970-2019).
(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences. Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) ELUWOLE, Odunayo Oluwatosin.
This study appraised exchange rate policies and its implications for macroeconomic performance in Nigeria between 1970 and 2019; analysed the effect of external shocks on macroeconomic performance under exchange rate regimes in Nigeria and estimated the extent of exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices under different exchange rate regimes in Nigeria. It also investigated the sustainability of exchange rate regimes for macroeconomic stability in Nigeria. This were with a view to providing information on the most appropriate exchange rate regime for macroeconomic stability in Nigeria. The study used secondary data between 1970 and 2019. Quarterly data on exchange rate, oil price, money supply, trade openness, interest rate, inflation rate, industrial output, foreign inflation, foreign output, and foreign reserves were sourced from publications of World. Development Indicators (2020), CBN Statistical Bulletin (2020), International Financial Statistics (2020), British Petroleum (2020), and World Texas Institute (2020). The data collected were analysed using Structural Variance Autoregressive (SVAR) model, Non-linear Autoregressive. Distributed Lag (N-ARDL), and a two-state Markov-switching model. The results showed that over the long term, inflation stabilizes, while output increases under the flexible exchange rate, while inflation and output fluctuate widely under the fixed exchange rate regime. The results also revealed that the flexible exchange rate regime helps to insulate the Nigerian economy from external shocks in the long term than the fixed exchange rate regime. The results also reveal that exchange rate pass-through measures are lower under flexible exchange rate regime compared to the fixed exchange rate regime in Nigeria. Specifically, the results showed that exchange rate had a positive and statistically significant effect on inflation rate (t = 18.69, p < 0.05) in the long run under the fixed exchange rate regime; while exchange rate exerted a negative, and statistically significant effect on inflation (t = -1.53, p < 0.05) in the long run under the flexible exchange rate regime. Lastly, the results reveal that the flexible exchange rate regime lasts for a longer period than the fixed exchange rate regime, and thus engender macroeconomic stability. Specifically, the fixed exchange rate regime lasted only for 2 quarters (t= 12.05, p < 0.05) before it breaks, while the flexible exchange rate regime lasted for about 4quarters (t = 18.04, p < 0.05) before it breaks. The study concluded that the flexible exchange rate regime mitigates the impact of macroeconomic shocks and improves macroeconomic performance in Nigeria over the long term better than the fixed exchange rate regime.
Open Access
Fiscal dominance and economic performance in Nigeria (1980-2020)
(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) Idowu, Ajayi olanike
The study examined the nature and extent of fiscal and monetary policy dominance in Nigeria as well as the degree of fiscal dominance or monetary effectiveness in Nigeria. The study also examined the sustainable level of fiscal deficit with respect to the economic performance in Nigeria within the period of 1980-2020. These are with a view to examining the relationship between fiscal dominance and economic performance in Nigeria. Annual time series secondary data for the period of 1980-2020 were employed in the study. Data on fiscal deficit, public debt, government expenditure, money supply, interest rate, and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the study period were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2020), and the World Development Indicators (WDIs, 2020) sourced from the World Bank. The study used descriptive statistics in form of tables, charts and graphs for the trend analysis. The study also adopted Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) for long run analysis, while threshold regression was also conducted for the measurement of sustainable level of fiscal deficit in Nigeria. It was established in the study that government expenditure and outstanding debt have significant positive relationship with money supply. Specifically, N1 billion increase in public debt is expected to increase money supply by N1.2 billion (t = 8.2446, p < 0.01). Similarly, N1 billion increase in government spending will cause money supply to increase by N1.36 billion (t = 4.2850, p < 0.01). Conversely, interest rate exhibited negative effect on money supply, such that one percent increase in interest rate will bring money supply down by 150 percent (t = -2.0113, p < 0.05). The study also revealed the sustainable level of fiscal deficit in relation to economic performance in Nigeria. Specifically, the results showed that when fiscal deficit is lower than N34.4072 billion, it will decrease economic output by N34.7001 billion. (t = 3.21, p < 0.01) and that when fiscal deficit is higher than N34.4072 billion and lower than N1,923.637 billion, it will not only have a positive impact on economic performance but it will also increase economic output by N4.0023 billion (t = 3.69, p < 0.01). The study concluded that, though there is co-movement between fiscal and monetary authority variables, there is no fiscal dominance in Nigeria.
Open Access
Foreign assistance, institutional quality and economic development In Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria And Turkey (1981 – 2019)
(Faculty of Social Science, Department of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) Arije, Adebunmi Rukayat
This study examined the causal relationship between institutional quality and foreign assistance in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey (MINT); and determined the impact of foreign assistance on economic development in these countries. It also examined the moderating role of institutional quality in the relationship between foreign assistance and economic development; and determined the threshold effect of institutional quality on foreign assistance effectiveness on economic development in these countries. These were with a view to investigating the relationship among foreign assistance, institutional quality and economic development in these countries.
Open Access
Health Quality, Labour Productivity and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries (1990-2012)
(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2014) Adedeji, Adedayo Oluseun
The study examined the trends of health quality (longevity and disease), labour productivity and economic growth in Sub-Saharan African countries. It also investigated the casual relationship and threshold effects among longevity, labour productivity and economic growth and determined the effects of HIV and TB on longevity of Sub-Saharan Africans. The study further analysed the effects of health on labour productivity and economic growth between 1990 and 2012. This was with a view to examining how health quality (longevity and disease) affects the nature of relationship between labour productivity and economic in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Open Access
Influence of Micro financing on the performance of Micro enterprises in Osun State
(department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2015) Adelowo, Abass Gabriel
The study appraised the Institutional arrangement for micro financing in Osun State and assessed the extent to which Micro financing meets the credit needs of micro enterprises in State. It indentified the factors that influenced micro entrepreneur s access to microfinance .
Open Access
Multilevel detaminants of violence against children in Nigeria
(Department of demography and social statistic, Faculty of Social science, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2021) AJAYI, Olamide Mercy
This study assessed the age and gender differentials in the prevalence of sexual, emotional and physical violence against children; it also identified the household and community factors influencing violence against children and; also examined the interaction effect of household and community on violence against children. This was done to provide more evidences on the determinants of violence against children so as to alleviate/end all forms of violence against children in Nigeria. This study employed secondary data extracted from the Nigeria Violence Against Children Survey (VACS) 2014, a national, cross-sectional household survey of females and males aged 13-24years. Information obtained for this study included individual characteristics, household and community characteristics. Also in this study, respondent aged 13-17years were asked experience of violence within one year prior to the survey while respondents aged 18-24years were asked experience of violence before age 18years. A total of 4,203 respondents were interviewed. Data analysis was at univariate, bivariate and multivariate. At univariate level, frequency distribution and percentage were presented. At bivariate level, Chi square test of independence was used. At multivariate, binary logistic regression model was used. The result showed that the mean age of the respondents was 18.7years. The result showed that 48.01% of children had ever experienced some form of physical, sexual and emotional violence with physical violence as the most reported form violence (52.53%). The result showed that the prevalence of violence against children ranges from 49.2% males and 49.4% females among respondents aged 13-17years to 46.9% males and 47.7% females had experienced violence before age 18. The study identified sex of household head and household wealth as household factors significantly associated with violence against children (χ2=4.61, p<0.05) and (χ2=5.15, p<0.05). Ethnicity and neighbourhood safety are community factors significantly associated with violence against children (χ2= 41.51, p<0.05) and (χ2= 11.65, p<0.05). The interaction effect of sex of household head and neighbourhood safety showed that children who live in female headed household and reported to feel unsafe in the neighbourhood are 66% more likely to experience violence (OR=1.66, p<0.05) than children who live in male headed household and reported somewhat safe in the neighbourhood (OR=1.17, p<0.05). The interaction effect of household wealth and ethnicity showed that children from low wealth status and reported Yoruba ethnic group are 94% more like to experienced violence (OR=1.94, p<0.05) than children from moderate wealth status (OR=1.60, p<0.05). The interaction effect of street habitation and neighbourhood safety showed that children who reported to ever lived on the street and somewhat safe in the neighbourhood are 23% more likely to experienced violence (OR=1.23. p<0.05) than children who reported to never lived on the street and very safe in the neighbourhood (OR=1.06, p>0.05). This study concludes that violence against children is high in Nigeria. Sex of household head, household wealth, ethnicity and neighbourhood safety were significantly associated with violence against children in Nigeria. Efforts should be made at protecting children at household and community level to reduce and end all forms of violence against children in Nigeria.
Open Access
Petrophysical evaluation of two reservoir sands in five wells in the western part of the Niger Delta.
(Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, 1996) Abegunrin Omotola Omolade
The petrophysical characteristics of two reservoir sands in five wells drilled in western part of the Niger Delta were studied using borehole geophysical (open hole) logs.
Open Access
Prevalence and determinants of unmet need for contraception among young women in southwestern Nigeria
(Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023) JAMES, Favour Osinachi
This study assessed the prevalence of unmet need for contraception among young women, examined the relationship between socio-demographic factors and unmet need for contraception, investigated the determinants of unmet need for contraception, and explored other socio-cultural factors underlying unmet need for contraception among young women in Southwestern, Nigeria. These were conducted with a view to understanding the causes as well as other socio-cultural factors underlying unmet need for contraception among young women in the research area. The study concluded that fear of side effect, finance, misinformation about contraception and fear of death were the underlying factors of unmet need for contraception among young women in Southwest Nigeria.

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