Faculty of Dentistry
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- ItemOpen AccessCOVID-19 pandemic and the widening oral health inequality in Nigeria.(Pan African Medical Journa, 2022) Oluwatola, Toluwani Ifeoluwa; Olowookere, Oluwapelumi Micheal; Folayan, Morenike OluwatoyinThe inequality in access to oral health care in Nigeria is driven by the low numbers of trained health care workers, disproportionate distribution of oral health facilities, low level of oral health awareness, and the challenge associated with out-of-pocket expenditures. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted oral health care delivery, access to oral health care services, thereby further entrenched inequality by increasing the out-of-pocket expenditure for health due to COVID-19 associated increased cost of medical services; high risk of worsening oral health care needs by patients who have routine and special oral health care needs; increased risk for oral health care needs by persons worse affected by COVID-19; and the high risk for general health problems by those whose access to routine and special health care needs were disrupted by the pandemic. The pandemic has however, also created opportunities to reduce the inequalities in the oral health care sector through adoption of teledentistry; integrated oral and general health care; improving oral health insurance coverage for the informal sector; and increasing public financing for health.
- ItemOpen AccessCOVID-19 preparedness: capacity to manufacture vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa.(Biomedical Central, 2021-03-03T00:00:00Z) Bright, Bisi; Babalola, Chinedum Peace; Sam-Agudu, Nadia Adjoa; Onyeaghala, Augustine Anayochukwu; Olatunji, Adebola; Aduh, Ufuoma; Sobande, Patrick O; Crowell, Trevor A; Tebeje, Yenew Kebede; Phillip, Sunny; Ndembi, Nicaise; Folayan, Morenike OluwatoyinThe COVID-19 pandemic is a biosecurity threat, and many resource-rich countries are stockpiling and/or making plans to secure supplies of vaccine, therapeutics, and diagnostics for their citizens. We review the products that are being investigated for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19; discuss the challenges that countries in sub-Saharan Africa may face with access to COVID-19 vaccine, therapeutics, and diagnostics due to the limited capacity to manufacture them in Africa; and make recommendations on actions to mitigate these challenges and ensure health security in sub-Saharan Africa during this unprecedented pandemic and future public-health crises. Sub-Saharan Africa will not be self-reliant for COVID-19 vaccines when they are developed. It can,however, take advantage of existing initiatives aimed at supporting COVID-19 vaccine access to resource-limited settings such as partnership with AstraZeneca, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovation, the Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunisation, the Serum Institute of India, and the World Health Organizationās COVID-19. Technology Access Pool. Accessing effective COVID-19 therapeutics will also be a major challenge for countries in sub-Saharan Africa, as production of therapeutics is frequently geared towards profitable Western markets and is ill-adapted to sub-Saharan Africa realities. The region can benefit from pooled procurement of COVID-19 therapy by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention in partnership with the African Union. If the use of convalescent plasma for the treatment of patients who are severely ill is found to be effective, access to the product will be minimally challenging since the region has a pool of recovered patients and human resources thatcan man supportive laboratories. The region also needs to drive the local development of rapid-test kits and other diagnostics for COVID-19.
- ItemOpen AccessGlobal Oral Health Policies and Guidelines: Using Silver Diamine Fluoride for Caries Control.(Frontiers, 2021-07-30) Gao, Sherry Shiqian; Amarquaye, Gwendolyn; Arrow, Peter; Bansal, Kalpana; Bedi, Raman; Campus, Guglielmo; Chen, Kitty Jieyi; Chibinski, Ana ClĆ”udia Rodrigues; Chinzorig, Tselmuun; Crystal, Yasmi O; Duangthip, Duangporn; Ferri, MarĆa Laura; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Garidkhuu, Ariuntuul; Hamama, Hamdi H; Jirarattanasopha, Varangkanar; Kemoli, Arthur; Leal, Soraya C; Leelataweewud, Pattarawadee; Mathur, Vijay Prakash; Mfolo, Tshepiso; Momoi, Yasuko; Potgieter, Nicoline; Tezvergil-Mutluay, Arzu; Lo, Edward Chin Man; Chu, Chun HungSilver diamine fluoride (SDF) was developed in Japan in the 1960s. It is a clear solution containing silver and fluoride ions. Because of its anti-bacterial and remineralizing effect, silver diamine fluoride has been used in managing dental caries for decades worldwide. This paper aims to summarize and discuss the global policies, guidelines, and relevant information on utilizing SDF for caries management. SDF can be used for treating dental caries in most countries. However, it is not permitted to be used in mainland China. Several manufacturers, mainly in Australia, Brazil, India, Japan, and the United States, produce SDF at different concentrations that are commercially available around the world. The prices differ between contents and brands. Different government organizations and dental associations have developed guidelines for clinical use of SDF. Dental professionals can refer to the specific guidelines in their own countries or territories. Training for using SDF is part of undergraduate and/or postgraduate curriculums in almost all countries. However, real utilization of SDF of dentists, especially in the private sector, remains unclear in most places because little research has been conducted. There are at least two ongoing regional-wide large-scale oral health programs, using SDF as one of the components to manage dental caries in young children (one in Hong Kong and one in Mongolia). Because SDF treatment does not require caries removal, and it is simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive, SDF is a valuable strategy for caries management in young children, elderly people, and patients with special needs. In addition, to reduce the risk of bacteria or virus transmission in dental settings, using SDF as a non-aerosol producing procedure should be emphasized under the COVID-19 outbreak.
- ItemOpen AccessPerceived Preparedness of Dental Academic Institutions to Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey.(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health., 2021-02-04T00:00:00Z) Ammar, Nour; Aly, Nourhan M; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Khader, Yousef; Mohebbi, Simin Z; Attia, Sameh; Howaldt, Hans-Peter; Boettger, Sebastian; Virtanen, Jorma; Madi, Marwa; Maharani, Diah A; Rahardjo, Anton; Khan, Imran; Al-Batayneh, Ola B; Rashwan, Maher; Pavlic, Verica; Cicmil, Smiljka; Noritake, Kanako; Galluccio, Gabriella; Polimeni, Antonella; Shamala, Anas A; Aarheiam, Arheiam; Mancino, Davide; Phantumvanit, Prathip; Kim, Jin-Bom; Choi, Youn-Hee; Dama, Mai A; Abdelsalam, Maha M; Castillo, Jorge L; Nyan, Myat; Hussein, Iyad; Joury, Easter; Vukovic, Ana P; Iandolo, Alfredo; Kemoli, Arthur M; El Tantawi, MahaDental academic institutions are affected by COVID-19. We assessed the perceived COVID-19 preparedness of these institutions and the characteristics of institutions with greater perceived preparedness. An international cross-sectional survey of dental academics was conducted from March to August 2020 to assess academics' and institutional attributes, perceived preparedness, and availability of infection prevention and control (IPC) equipment. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified perceived preparedness components. Multilevel linear regression analysis assessed the association between perceived preparedness and fixed effect factors (academics' and institutions' attributes) with countries as random effect variable. Of the 1820 dental academics from 28 countries, 78.4% worked in public institutions and 75.2% reported temporary closure. PCA showed five components: clinic apparel, measures before and after patient care, institutional policies, and availability of IPC equipment. Significantly less perceived preparedness was reported in lower-middle income (LMICs) (B = -1.31, = 0.006) and upper-middle income (UMICs) (B = -0.98, = 0.02) countries than in high-income countries (HICs), in teaching only (B = -0.55, < 0.0001) and in research only (B = -1.22, = 0.003) than teaching and research institutions and in institutions receiving ā¤100 patients daily than those receiving >100 patients (B = -0.38, < 0.0001). More perceived preparedness was reported by academics with administrative roles (B = 0.59, < 0.0001). Academics from low-income countries (LICs) and LMICs reported less availability of clinic apparel, IPC equipment, measures before patient care, and institutional policies but more measures during patient care. There was greater perceived preparedness in HICs and institutions with greater involvement in teaching, research, and patient care.
- ItemOpen AccessPerceived Preparedness of Dental Academic Institutions to Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey.(MDPI, 2021-02-04T00:00:00Z) Ammar, Nour; Aly, Nourhan M; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Khader, Yousef; Mohebbi, Simin Z; Attia, Sameh; Howaldt, Hans-Peter; Boettger, Sebastian; Virtanen, Jorma; Madi, Marwa; Maharani, Diah A; Rahardjo, Anton; Khan, Imran; Al-Batayneh, Ola B; Rashwan, Maher; Pavlic, Verica; Cicmil, Smiljka; Noritake, Kanako; Galluccio, Gabriella; Polimeni, Antonella; Shamala, Anas A; Aarheiam, Arheiam; Mancino, Davide; Phantumvanit, Prathip; Kim, Jin-Bom; Choi, Youn-Hee; Dama, Mai A; Abdelsalam, Maha M; Castillo, Jorge L; Nyan, Myat; Hussein, Iyad; Joury, Easter; Vukovic, Ana P; Iandolo, Alfredo; Kemoli, Arthur M; El Tantawi, MahaDental academic institutions are affected by COVID-19. We assessed the perceived COVID-19 preparedness of these institutions and the characteristics of institutions with greater perceived preparedness. An international cross-sectional survey of dental academics was conducted from March to August 2020 to assess academics' and institutional attributes, perceived preparedness, and availability of infection prevention and control (IPC) equipment. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified perceived preparedness components. Multilevel linear regression analysis assessed the association between perceived preparedness and fixed effect factors (academics' and institutions' attributes) with countries as random effect variable. Of the 1820 dental academics from 28 countries, 78.4% worked in public institutions and 75.2% reported temporary closure. PCA showed five components: clinic apparel, measures before and after patient care, institutional policies, and availability of IPC equipment. Significantly less perceived preparedness was reported in lower-middle income (LMICs) (B = -1.31, = 0.006) and upper-middle income (UMICs) (B = -0.98, = 0.02) countries than in high-income countries (HICs), in teaching only (B = -0.55, < 0.0001) and in research only (B = -1.22, = 0.003) than teaching and research institutions and in institutions receiving ā¤100 patients daily than those receiving >100 patients (B = -0.38, < 0.0001). More perceived preparedness was reported by academics with administrative roles (B = 0.59, < 0.0001). Academics from low-income countries (LICs) and LMICs reported less availability of clinic apparel, IPC equipment, measures before patient care, and institutional policies but more measures during patient care. There was greater perceived preparedness in HICs and institutions with greater involvement in teaching, research, and patient care.
- ItemOpen AccessSocioeconomic inequality, health inequity and well-being of transgender people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.(BMC Public Health., 2023-08-12T00:00:00Z) Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Yakusik, Anna; Enemo, Amaka; Sunday, Aaron; Muhammad, Amira; Nyako, Hasiya Yunusa; Abdullah, Rilwan Mohammed; Okiwu, Henry; Lamontagne, ErikWe aimed to explore socioeconomic inequality, health inequity, and the well-being of transgender people during the COVID-19 crisis in Nigeria.