Faculty of Environmental Design and Management

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    A comparative study of the meaning and value of university campus architecture in southwestern Nigeria
    (Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria., 2024) Akinsola, Musiliu Lawal.
    This study examined comparatively the meaning and value of campus architecture of two universities in Southwestern Nigeria. It examined the personal characteristics of users of the University of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University campuses, examined the physical and socio-physical characteristics of the two university campuses. Analysed the meaning and value of the two university campus architecture, and compared the architecture of the two university campuses. These with a view to providing information that could enhance university campus architecture. A mixed method of quantitative and qualitative evaluation with physical observation was used to collect primary data, while secondary data were sourced from relevant departments. The campus architecture of Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan, with two classes of respondents; university – staff and students, comprising of 42 and 63 staff, with 401 and 366 students from OAU and UI respectively, were selected using purposive sampling method. The measuring instruments comprised of campus users personal characteristics, physical and socio- physical characteristics of the campus architecture, which were used to assess meaning, while open responses of campus users, likes and dislikes, mental imagery, campus users memories and most important things assessed users’ value of campus architecture which aligned with meaning. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive analysis, means, percentile, chi-square, Cronbach’s Alpha factor analysis, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Crosstabulation, content analysis and Fisher Freeman p-values. Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan campus architecture evoked campus users’ meaning and value, namely, architecture vitality, campus ambience, quality, wellbeing, campus aesthetics and privacy, circulation and recognition, inclusivity and accessibility, crowding, and facility recognition and cosiness. OAU campus users ranked architecture vitality the strongest in meaning (0.851 Cronbach’s Alpha score; 5.44 mean value) while, UI users ranked campus ambience the strongest in meaning (0.888 Cronbach’s Alpha score; 5.0 mean value). The weakest ranked users meaning was campus facility distinction and cosiness (0.472 and 0.110, Cronbach's Alpha score) and mean value (4.32 and 4.20) for OAU and UI respectively. Also, campus users’ personal characteristics resonates in campus architecture meaning and value, OAU and UI users’ knowledge of the campus was significantly different in all the meaning except for campus crowding (OAU, p < 0.804; UI, p value < 0.245) and facility recognition in OAU (p value < 0.743). For OAU and UI users’ age and number of years on campus was significant in architecture vitality, campus ambience, wellbeing, aesthetics and privacy, circulation and recognition. Religion was significantly different in UI architecture vitality (p < 0.029) and OAU campus quality (p < 0.012), gender was significant in OAU’s circulation and recognition (p < 0.017), wellbeing (p< 0.031). The study concluded that Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan campus users’ meaning and value were distinct, distinguishable and different. Campus users’ meaning and value of Obafemi Awolowo University campus architecture was stronger than those of University of Ibadan campus users.
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    A documentation of styles in yoruba headites.
    (Department of Fine and Applied Arts, Faculty of Enivironmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2021) FAJOBI, Janet Adeola
    This project document a visual representation of styles in Yoruba headties. This project is focused on the use of coloured wools stitches as embroidery techniques with gluing and sewing of fabrics on canvas to make a visual representation of gele styles in the 1980’s, 1990’s and the contemporary time. Data for this project was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was oral interviews with the Yorùbá elders about how headties were been tied in the 80’s, 19’s and now. The secondary source include project works of other people, internet publications, magazines, pictorial images online and journals. The process of executing this project includes: source for references, generating canvas size, sketching, stitching on the sketches image with different colour of thread, cutting of aso-oke to form the gele styles for each works, re-stretching and framing. The findings revealed that the Yorùbá indigenous hairstyles vary based on their importance and usefulness. These headties sometimes shows the importance of the wearer and it shows that has time evolves people explore different ways in which gele can be tied. Findings also showed that the headties are gradually taking new form day by day as western influence have been included to the styling of these headties. In conclusion, this project has been executed to form a visual reminder for the present generation and a historical record for generation to come. It also serves as a visual record of how gele has been presented in the past and how it has evolved till date. In a nutshell, this project, revives and retains the quality of Yoruba dress culture.
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    A study of Corporate Social Responsibility practices of selected organisations in the Delivery of Infrastructural Projects In Lagos State, Nigeria
    (The Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Environmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) ALAO, Oluwaseyi Olalekan
    This study examined the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-based infrastructural projects of private organisations; investigated the factors influencing their involvement; assessed the funding arrangement being employed by them and also developed a framework for the administration of CSR-based infrastructural projects. These were with a view to enhancing the delivery of CSR funded infrastructural projects in Lagos State, Nigeria. Primary data were used for the study. These were obtained through the use of structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The structured questionnaire were administered on twenty-seven (27) representatives of the private organisations identified through Respondents-Driven Sampling (RDS) technique. These representatives had been involved in the administration of CSR in their respective organisations. In addition, nine (9) of these representatives were selected for interview from the respondents to the questionnaire using convenience/accidental sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using mean analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-Square (x2) Test of Independence and thematic analysis. The results showed that 30 types of deliverable infrastructural projects were delivered between 2010 to 2019. Construction of blocks of classroom; provision of pipe borne water; landscaping and beautification; renovations of old health facilities; construction of library facilities; Information and Communication Technology (ICT)centres and health facilities have been undertaken by 10 of the organisations between 2010 to 2019. The significant factor influencing organisations’ involvement in the delivery of CSR-based infrastructural projects were increased image and reputation of the firms with mean score (MS) of 4.54on a 5-point scale; public relations (MS = 4.39); commitment to environmental sustainability (MS = 4.39); ethical, moral and personal value of the management (MS = 4.29) and compliance with international standardistaion (MS = 4.15). The results also showed that the most adopted funding arrangements is sole funding (MS = 4.86). Partnership with international organisations (MS = 3.64) ranked second. The factors influencing the funding arrangements choice are organisations’ strategic objective(s); organisations’ reputation; relevance of the infrastructure to the organistaion image and broader social impact on focused issues with MS = 4.61, 4.51, 4.47 and 4.22, respectively on a 5-point scale. The derived framework indicated that felt needs are either identified by the donor organisations or through request from the recipient organistaions. Also, while the time between identification of the needs and request to execute as well as approval to execute and execution varies, the approval process usually takes between one to three months. The approval processes often involved the community, local government and the state government as appropriate. The study concluded that CSR activities of the private organsisations in Lagos State were those commensurate with their economic performance and capable to impact their performance when executed and that the CSR activities of the organisations could improve if collaboration is embrace above sole funding. It also concluded that the face-off that often characterized some CSR-based infrastructural projects delivery will be significantly minimized if the derived framework is adopted and implemented.
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    A study of defects in buildings along coastal areas of South-South, Nigeria
    (Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Design an Management ,Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile IFe, 2023) Antia Mfon Ekanem
    The study assessed the environmental conditions in South-South Nigeria; examined the causes of defects in buildings; examined the signs and patterns of defects in buildings exposed to the environmental conditions; determined the failure rate of building components; assessed the integrity of buildings; and determined the relationship between environmental conditions and failure rate of building components in the study area. These were with a view to enhancing the integrity and reliability of buildings along the coastal area. Data for the study were gathered from four distinct sources: The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), building users, physical inspection and measurements, and soil test. Both primary and secondary data were employed for the study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire, physical inspection and measurement as well as soil test. Sample for the study were selected from the five states that share boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. The study area was stratified into three sections (Zones A, B and C). Each of these sections covered a distance of 30 km, starting from the shoreline. In each zone, a town was purposively selected. Using the formula n = ᵶ2/4e2, 26 buildings were sampled in each zone. In other words a total of 390 buildings were sampled for the study. Secondary data spanning a ten-year period (2010 – 2019), that covered the specified environmental conditions were also collected for the study from NIMET and analysed using Relative Severity Index, ANOVA, Trend Analysis, and Weibull Analysis. Zone A, closest to the coast, faced the highest temperature (36.48°C), rainfall (41.76 mm), wind speed (10.33 m/s), and humidity (87.51%). Zone-specific challenges included exterior finish degradation (Zone A), structural cracks and metal corrosion(Zone B), and mould growth with wooden element decay (Zone C). Inland, concrete cracks and soil salinity decreased. Perceptions of environmental impacts varied across zones, with Zone A's top concerns being "Acid rain effect" (RSI: 0.740), "Effect of biological activities" (RSI: 0.704), and "Chemical Concentration in soil" (RSI: 0.636). Zone B's major concerns included "Chemical Concentration in soil" (RSI: 0.868), "Industrial Gas and Waste emission." In Zone C, "Effect of biological activities" led (RSI: 0.708), followed by "Acid rain effect" and "Chemical Concentration in soil”. Common defects in Zone A included "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.760), "Mould and mildew growth on wall surface" (RFI: 0.652), and "Corrosion of metal components" (RFI: 0.440). In Zone B, prevalent issues were "Thermal expansion or contraction leading to structural cracks" (RFI: 0.788), "Corrosion of metal components" (RFI: 0.784), and "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.684). Zone C exhibited "Mould and mildew growth on wall surfaces" (RFI: 0.876), followed by "Rot and decay of wooden elements" (RFI: 0.828) and "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.800). Component characteristic lives increased from 40.45 years (Zone A) to 58.17 years (Zone C), reflecting a similar trend in walls, roofs, and reinforced concrete. The integrity of building components, like compressive strength, rose from 21.3564 N/mm² (Zone A) to 24.5140 N/mm² (Zone C). The study underscores the significant influence of environmental factors on building deterioration in South-South Nigeria's coastal regions. It emphasizes the need for tailored design, construction, and maintenance practices to address the specific environmental challenges of the area.
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    A Study of Green Building Rating Systems in Lagos state, Nigeria
    (Department of Building, Faculty of Enviromental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria., 2023) OLAOYE, Folawiyo Timilehin
    The study examined the Green Building Rating System (GBRS) in use for building projects in Lagos State, Nigeria and their strengths and weaknesses; assessed the importance of the criteria for adapting the Green Building Rating Systems in use; and developed a weighting framework of the criteria for improving the Green Building Rating Systems. These were with a view to enhancing the applicability of the rating systems. The data for the study were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data on the rating systems in use, their strengths and weaknesses, their criteria of assessment, and the required criteria for enhancing their applicability to the Nigerian local context were collected during one-on-one interviews conducted on green building experts that were identified from twelve (12) certified green building projects in the study area. A total of eighteen (18) green building experts were invited for interview, and thirteen (13) of them took part in the interview, indicating a 72.2% effective response rate. Secondary data including the criteria checklist of the certification systems which were sourced from their official websites and hand-books, were used to refine and substantiate the primary data. The data obtained were analysed using Thematic analysis, Priority ranking and Fraction Method. The results showed that the most prevalent GBRS in use in the study area were EDGE and LEED. The results further showed the categories used for assessing and certifying buildings in each certification system; the certification process in each certification system; and the building projects that they had certified in the study area. Findings on the strengths and the limitations of the LEED and EDGE certification systems with respect to the local conditions of the study area, showed the major strength of the LEED and EDGE to be used to assess and certify various building types including residential buildings, commercial spaces, and industrial buildings. Both 15 the LEED and EDGE performed well in all the phases of the building project (design, construction, operation and end of life). The only significant limitation in the adoption of the EDGE and LEED was their lack of functionality in the social aspects of sustainability in buildings. The result further revealed the important criteria for adapting the EDGE and LEED to the local context of the study area to include energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste management, pollution and emission and climate and resilience to environmental hazards. The study developed a weighting framework and flowchart representation of the criteria to be considered by the green building experts to enhance the applicability of the rating systems. The study concluded that the EDGE and LEED were sufficient for assessing the environmental aspect of sustainable buildings, but less functional with respect to safety and security, socio-cultural aspects, and Life-cycle cost efficiency.
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    A study of Mentoring in Real Estate Practice in Northwestern Nigeria
    (Department of Estate Managment, Falculty of Environment Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria, 2023) ISHAYA, David Ayock
    This study examined the profiles of estate surveying and valuation (ESV) firms in Northwestern Nigeria as well as the skills and competencies lacking of employees in ESV firms in the study area; assessed the mentoring strategies employed by ESV firms in the study area; analysed the effectiveness of the mentoring strategies; and determined the factors influencing the effectiveness of the mentoring strategies employed by the ESV firms in the study area. These were with a view to providing information that could enhance real estate practice. Primary data was employed for the study. The data was obtained from ESV firms practicing in Kano and Kaduna states using a mixed research method involving the use of questionnaires and interviews. A total enumeration survey was carried out on all the 40 and 80 ESV firms in Kano and Kaduna states respectively. Interviews were conducted with three senior surveyors in Kano and seven in Kaduna states. Data collected from the ESV firms included their profiles, mentoring strategies, employee skills and competencies and factors influencing mentoring effectiveness. The information obtained were analysed using frequency and percentage, mean rating, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), independent t-test, and Principal Component Analysis. The findings showed that the employees were mostly HND holders (47.01%), while 98% of the respondents were male. More so, majority of the respondents held senior managerial positions with 21% and 84% being Head of Departments Kaduna and Kano states respectively. The results further showed that based on a 5-point Likert scale, risk-taking propensity (MS = 3.64) is the most ranked skills and competencies lacking among employees in ESV firms. Traditional mentoring with response frequency of 88.6% and 92.0 % in Kaduna and Kano states respectively was found as the predominant form of mentoring adopted by ESV firms in the study area. The mentoring strategies adopted by ESV firms xi, xii differed. In Kaduna State, the most commonly employed strategies were encouragement, feedback and participation with mean scores of 2.96, 1.64 and 3.25 respectively; whereas in Kano State, the most used mentoring strategy was conversation (MS = 4.78). With mean scores of 4.74, 4.70, 4.48, 4.30, and 4.17, building trust, emotional support, orientation, experience sharing, and encouragement respectively were the most effective forms of mentoring strategies employed by ESV firms in the study area. Using principal component analysis, the major determinants of the effectiveness of mentoring by the ESV firms are cultural beliefs, individual traits, and the gender of both mentors and mentees with mean scores of 3.26, 3.69 and 2.78 respectively. The study concluded that mentoring in real estate practice in the study areas is not formalized and that its effectiveness is greatly influenced by cultural beliefs, individual traits, and gender factors.
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    A study of neighbourhood character in Delta State, Nigeria
    (Architecture department, faculty of environmental design and management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) NWAKI, William Nkeonyeasua
    This study examined the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of residents in selected neighbourhood's in Delta State, Nigeria; examined the housing and neighbourhood characteristics; analysed the neighbourhood character; and investigated factors that influence neighbourhood character in the study area. These were with a view to providing information that could enhance neighborhood improvement.
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    An Evaluation of the impact of communal conflicts on the physical development of settlements in southwestern Nigeria.
    (Department of Urban and Religional planning, Faculty of Environmental Design Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2020) Abegunde, Albeert Ayorinde
    The study identified and examined causes of communal conflicts (CC), appraised the spatial dimension and their effects on pattern of physical development in Southwestern Nigeria
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    An evaluation of the maintence management of the staff housing estates of selected first generation Universities in Southwestern Nigeria.
    (Department of Building Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2005) OLADAPO, Adebayo Akanbi
    The study investigated the maintenance management practice in three university staff housing in South-western Nigeria with a view to examining the relationship between the maintenance system and the quality of the housing stocks in the universities studied. The study concluded that the control of the determinants of maintenance needs and causes of decay significantly affected maintenance performance. Employee satisfaction, the maintenance departments' responsiveness to tenants' complaints and the maintenance backlog were critical in the performance evaluation of the maintenance departments.
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    Analysis of Landuse Development in KANO Municipality, Nigeria
    (Department of Urban and regional planning, Faculty of Environmental Design, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023) ALWADOOD, Ali Jasini
    The study examined; the different landuse nuclei in Kano Municipality; the socio economic characteristics of residents in the identified landuse nuclei; analysed the landuse patterns of the study area between 1950 and 2020; determined the factors influencing landuse development; and examined the physical planning implications of landuse development in the study area. These were with a view to providing information for explaining the current spatial morphology and guidelines for effective policy response towards its management. Fieldwork, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), participatory mapping and questionnaire administration were adopted in eliciting information. Information on the pattern of landuse development was obtained from Topographical map for the year 1950. Others are: aerial photograph (1968) and multi-date satellite images for the years 1975, 1990, 2001, 2010 and 2020. Fishnet technique at 500 meters intervals was used in the selection of sample locations. A total of 1,421 points were obtained with 894 located within residential areas, thereby constituting the sample size for questionnaire administration. The obtained information were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while the spatial aspect was analysed using Nearest Neighbour Analysis, Overlay operation and Buffering. The study identified 92 independent development nuclei in Kano Municipality with residential landuse representing 63.3%. Most of the development nuclei (89.1%) were characterized by multiple landuse types while 56.7% developed as post-colonial organic development. The study observed a wide disparity in the socio-economic characteristics of the residents in the identified development nuclei with: age, household sizes and length of stay, inversely proportional with increase in distance from the ancient walled city. Similarly, development nuclei were polarised along ethnic, income and educational disparities. The municipality witnessed a growth from 27.5 km² from the year 1950 to 355.3 km² in 2020, which was a growth of 1,192.8% in 70 years (annual growth of 17.3%). Factors such as land affordability, land availability, serenity of the area, and social ties (Family and Friends) were identified as the main factors influencing land use development, with each contributing, 12.0%, 10.6%, 9.9% and 9.2% respectively. The land use development of Kano municipality showed several significant implications for urban planning, such as the development of poor environmental quality in the older organic nuclei within the ancient walled city, the conversion of open spaces to built-up areas foe economic ventures, the loss of historical monuments, and the development of social segregation that collectively hindered interactions and tolerance among residents. The near absence of adequate water and electricity supplies, poor conditions of roads and other social facilities were also identified. In essence, the multifaceted challenges discovered by the landuse development in Kano municipality emphasize the urgency of a holistic and sustainable urban planning approach. It is essential to strike a balance between economic growth and preserving the city's heritage, enhancing environmental quality, promoting social integration, and investing in critical infrastructure. Only through a comprehensive and forward-thinking urban planning strategy can Kano municipality fulfil its potential as a thriving, inclusive, and vibrant urban center for its residents
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    Assessment of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste Carbon and Periwinkle Shells-Based Chitosan as Adsorbent for Trichloroacetic Acid removal from Water.
    (Institute of Environmental Control Management, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ABIOYE Babasanmi Oluwole
    The study determined the physicochemical parameters and trichloroacetic acid concentrations of the water samples before and after conventional treatment at the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife water treatment plant. It also investigated the adsorption efficiencies of chitosan modified and unmodified adsorbent prepared from polyethylene teraphthalate waste and periwinkle shells for the removal of trichloroacetic acids in the water samples.
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    Assessment of the usage of software packages by quantity surveying firms in southwestern in Nigeria.
    (Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Environmental Design and Management. Obafemi Awolowo University., 2021) OLALEKAN, Yunus Olaitan.
    This study identified and examined the software packages used by Quantity Surveying firms in Southwestern Nigeria; evaluated the trend in the usage of software packages in the study area; assessed the drivers and barriers of usage of the software packages; and examined the impact of their usage on service delivery in the study area. These were with a view to enhancing service delivery. Quantitative survey research design was used to collect primary data for this study via structured closed ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on quantity surveying firms in Lagos, Ondo and Oyo States which constituted the study population. Total enumeration was used for Ondo and Oyo States with six (6) and 15 (fifteen) quantity surveying firms, respectively. Out of the 127 quantity surveying firms in Lagos State, 64 (50%) were sampled using simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained on educational status, professional status, employment position, years of experience, age of firms, firm’s location, type of software used, level of usage of software packages, trend in the usage of software packages, drivers and barriers of the usage of software packages and impact of the usage of software packages on service delivery. The data collected were analysed using descriptive (frequency counts, percentages, and mean score) and inferential (regression analysis and Analysis of Variance) statistics. The results showed that AutoCAD with mean score (MS) of 2.8 in a 5-point Likert-like scale (0-4) was the most used software package by quantity surveying firms in the study area. The others were Microsoft Project (MS = 2.44), MasterBill (MS = 1.58), QSCAD (MS = 1.51) and Revit (MS = 1.37). The trend in the usage of software packages by the firms was most erratic (up and down patterns) in Ondo and Oyo States but relatively regular in Lagos State. It was also found that the five lead drivers of the usage of software packages were: changing trend in technology (MS = 3.56); flexibility of usage (MS = 3.22); corporate technology strategy (MS = 3.10); competition among QSFs (MS = 3.08); and competition among construction professionals (MS = 3.07). Similarly, the top five barriers to the usage of software packages were high cost of software packages (MS = 3.42); inadequate power supply (MS = 3.20); high cost of hardware (MS = 3.17); rate of virus attack (MS = 3.07); and inadequate job order to encourage software investment (MS = 2.92). The study also found that the usage of software packages has mostly impacted the preparation of bills of quantities with a mean score (MS) of 3.53, closely followed by project planning (MS = 3.51), estimating (MS = 3.47), cost planning (MS = 3.36) and cost analysis (MS = 3.24). The study concluded that the usage of software packages by quantity surveying firms in the study area was generally low and that high cost of software packages and inadequate power supply were mostly responsible for the low usage of software packages by quantity surveying firms in Southwestern Nigeria with consequent negative impact on service delivery.
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    BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING USAGE AND PROJECT STAGES INTERFACE AMONG CONSTRUCTION PROFESSIONALS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
    (DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING, FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT, OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, 2022) ADEBOWALE OLUWAYINKA ADEFEMI
    This study examined the extent of building information modelling (BIM) usage among construction professionals, determined the interface problems in construction project stages among professionals and investigated the impact of BIM usage on professional’s interface at stages of construction projects in Lagos State, Nigeria. These were with a view to providing information that could enhance project delivery. Primary data were used for this study and obtained through structured questionnaire. The target population was construction professionals who had substantial knowledge of BIM usage and who had experienced interface problems at the design and construction stages of projects in Lagos State. A total of two hundred and sixty (260) copies of completed questionnaire were retrieved through online and physical administration using snowball sampling technique for selection of respondents. Data were analysed using frequency, percentages, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Findings revealed that more than 70% of the respondents had less than six years’ experience with BIM usage, 36.5% of the respondents had employed BIM for private projects, 48.5% for public-private projects and majority of the construction professionals use BIM mostly for building projects (90%) and design-build procurement method (57.2%). Over 60% of construction professionals had either very low, low or fair level of competency in respect of BIM usage. On the proficiency level of BIM usage, about 86.5% among the professional members were either skilled or semi-skilled. The overall satisfaction level in using BIM for project work was 74.2% among the project members which shows that a majority of them were satisfied with BIM usage. The major interface problems at the design stage in the study are badly written contract (C15); excessive amendments when changes occur in designs (C16) (DIP5=0.794); lack of stipulated data (C4) (DIP1=0.744); and design complexity (C9) (DIP4=0.743). However, the major interface problems at the construction stage are change order (C29) (CIP4=0.814); inadequate specialised quality-control team (C31) (CIP1=0.798); and poor quality of construction (C21) (CIP2=0.797). The impact of BIM on professionals’ interface at the design stage are producing tools for reporting task completion, quality value and mistakes of the design team (ID5) (IDS1=0.836); automatic low-level of amendments whenever modification occurs in design (ID14) (IDS2=0.794); and improve design quality (ID8) (IDS3=0.771). The impact at the construction stage includes enhanced site utilisation, space coordination and production data (IC4) (ICS3=0.788); enhanced quality control process on site (IC9) (ICS1=0.787); and minimised interface conflict through integration of construction simulation (IC18) (ICS2=0.774).
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    Building information modeling usage and project stages interface among construction professionals in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Department of building, Faculty of environmental design and management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) ADEBOWALE Oluwayinka Adefemi
    This study examined the extent of building information modelling (BIM) usage among construction professionals, determined the interface problems in construction project stages among professionals and investigated the impact of BIM usage on professional’s interface at stages of construction projects in Lagos State, Nigeria. These were with a view to providing information that could enhance project delivery. Primary data were used for this study and obtained through structured questionnaire. The target population was construction professionals who had substantial knowledge of BIM usage and who had experienced interface problems at the design and construction stages of projects in Lagos State. A total of two hundred and sixty (260) copies of completed questionnaire were retrieved through online and physical administration using snowball sampling technique for selection of respondents. Data were analysed using frequency, percentages, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Findings revealed that more than 70% of the respondents had less than six years’ experience with BIM usage, 36.5% of the respondents had employed BIM for private projects, 48.5% for public-private projects and majority of the construction professionals use BIM mostly for building projects (90%) and design-build procurement method (57.2%). Over 60% of construction professionals had either very low, low or fair level of competency in respect of BIM usage. On the proficiency level of BIM usage, about 86.5% among the professional members were either skilled or semi-skilled. The overall satisfaction level in using BIM for project work was 74.2% among the project members which shows that a majority of them were satisfied with BIM usage. The major interface problems at the design stage in the study are badly written contract (C15); excessive amendments when changes occur in designs (C16) (DIP5=0.794); lack of project stipulated data (C4) (DIP1=0.744); and design complexity (C9) (DIP4=0.743). However, the major interface problems at the construction stage are change order (C29) (CIP4=0.814); inadequate specialised quality-control team (C31) (CIP1=0.798); and poor quality of construction (C21) (CIP2=0.797). The impact of BIM on professionals’ interface at the design stage are producing tools for reporting task completion, quality value and mistakes of the design team (ID5) (IDS1=0.836); automatic low-level of amendments whenever modification occurs in design (ID14) (IDS2=0.794); and improve design quality (ID8) (IDS3=0.771). The impact at the construction stage includes enhanced site utilisation, space coordination and production data (IC4) (ICS3=0.788); enhanced quality control process on site (IC9) (ICS1=0.787); and minimised interface conflict through integration of construction simulation (IC18) (ICS2=0.774).153p
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    Building information modeling usage and project stages interface among construction professionals in Lagos State, Nigeria.
    (Department of Building , Faculty of Enviromental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ADEFEMI , Adebowale Oluwayinka
    The study examined the extent of building information modeling (BIM) usage among construction professionals, determined the interface problems in construction projects stages among professionals and investigated the impact of BIM usage on professional's at stages of construction projects in Lagos State, Nigeria. These were with a view to providing information that could enhance project delivery.
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    Building Information Modelling Usage And Project Stages Interface Among Construction Professionals In Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Environmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ADEFEMI, Adebowale Oluwayinka
    This study examined the extent of building information modelling (BIM) usage among construction professionals, determined the interface problems in construction project stages among professionals and investigated the impact of BIM usage on professional’s interface at stages of construction projects in Lagos State, Nigeria. These were with a view to providing information that could enhance project delivery.
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    Client sophistic in mortage valuation practice in Lagos, Nigeria.
    (Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Enivronmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2024) OGUNBIYI James Olayinka
    The study examined the profiles of clients and the retained Estate Surveying and Valuation (ESV) firms in Lagos, Nigeria; evaluated the characteristics of mortgage valuations undertaken by the firms; appraised the components and level of client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice; analysed the factors influencing client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice; and examined the perceived influence of client sophistication on mortgage valuation practice in the study area. These were with a view to providing information for enhancing valuation practice. The study adopted primary and secondary data using a mixed-method data collection approach. The study population comprised Deposit Money Banks (DMBs), Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) and Estate Surveying and Valuation (ESV) firms in Lagos, Nigeria. According to the August 26th, 2022 edition of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s List of DMBs, 26 DMBs engage in real estate lending activities. They collectively had 650 ESV firms in their Retainership Lists. Using Frankfort-Nachmias's 1996 sample size formular, a sample size of 243 ESV firms was determined for the study. Thus, nine ESV firms were randomly selected for each of the 26 DMBs and AMCON. Total enumeration survey of the 26 DMBs and head of valuation unit of AMCON was also applied. While primary data was collected with the aid of key informant interviews of the heads of the valuation units of the DMBs and AMCON, questionnaire was administered on heads of the valuation units of the ESV firms. Secondary data such as guidelines and standards for mortgage valuation practice was sourced from relevant publications. Data analysis was undertaken using thematic analysis, importance assessment approach, exploratory factor analysis, Spearman’s correlation analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis ‘H’ test.The result, using the importance assessment approach showed that the characteristics of the mortgage valuation practice were: adherence to standard valuation process (RII=0.882), adherence to IVSC and Nigerian Valuation Standards when carrying out valuations (RII=0.855), adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in valuation practice (RII=0.822), adoption of proper assumptions when carrying out valuations (RII=0.818), and making sound judgements when carrying out valuations (RII=0.818). The result, using the exploratory factor analysis and thematic analysis showed that the components and level of client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice comprised the clients’ knowledge of applicable standards (19.85%), experiential knowledge of valuation characteristics (18.68%); biographical details (13.48%); and the nature of their influence on valuations (11.75%). The factors influencing client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice with their corresponding variance proportion were: issues with valuers and valuation techniques (19.45%); influence of globalization (18.54%); client's knowledge of relevancies (12.76%); regulatory considerations and value for money (10.80%), and valuation uncertainties (8.34%). Moreover, the perceived influence of client sophistication on mortgage valuation practice with their corresponding variance proportion were: encouraged transparency, disclosure and partnership (17.15%); improved accuracy and reliability of valuations (17.04%); improved client satisfaction (16.51%); improved valuation reporting and fee payment (14.91%), and enhanced regulatory enforcements (10.92%). The study concluded that the components of client sophistication, including experiential knowledge of valuation characteristics, compelled ethical behaviour and conduct of practitioners for enhanced valuation practice.
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    Durability Characteristics of Kernelrazzo Floor Finish
    (Department of Building Obafemi Awolowo University, 2015) OBADJE Olusegun Oladimeji
    The study examined the resistance, water absorption characteristics, abrasion resistance. impact resistance and the development of durability framework of kernelrazzo floor finish exposed to MgSO4 and HCI solutions. This was with a view to determining the performance of kernelrazzo .
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    Durability characteristics of plantain pseudo-stem fibre concrete exposed to sulphate environment
    (Department of Building, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2025) Abdullahi, Adeyemi Lawal
    This study investigated the effect of plantain pseudo-stem fibre concrete on the compressive strength, tensile strength and water absorption of concrete exposed to sulphate environment. These were with a view to assessing the suitability of plantain pseudo-stem fibre as a potential additional construction material to improve concrete durability, particularly under exposure to sulphate environment. Preliminary tests including particle size determination and specific gravity were carried out on samples of the research materials according to BS EN9331:1997, BS EN1097-6:2000 respectively. The plantain pseudo-stem fibre was extracted from plantain stem after the fruit was cut off and was soaked in water and fibre was extracted manually by wooden surface and mallet and then sundried. They were chopped into uniform sizes and the nominal proportion of concrete ingredients of 1:2:4 (cement:sand:granite) was adopted and mixed with plantain pseudo-stem fibres at 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% weight of cement and 100 x 100 mm cubes were produced and cured up to 28 days. Compressive, tensile and water absorption were measured at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days according to BS EN 12390:2003 concrete at 28 days and at 1 and 2% exposed to MgSO4. Data obtained was analysed using graphical illustrations, means, percentages, regression analysis and Analysis of Variance. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete containing plantain pseudo-stem fibre increased with increase in plantain pseudo-stem fibre content at 1% and 2% but decreased when exposed to aggressive sulphate of MgSO4 at 3% to 4% weight of cement, and the compressive strength was decreased at 2% percentage of PPF compare to unreinforced sample. At 3 days curing ages and at 2% MgSO4 exposure, the compressive strength at 0% and 1% PPF were 8.69 N/mm2 and 9.42 N/mm2 as against that of unreinforced sample of 8.93 N/mm2 while the concrete mixes with 3% and 4% were 7.82 N/mm2 and 6.99 N/mm2, at 7 to 28 days there was decrease in compressive strength at 1% to 4% PPF content and at 1% and 2% MgSO4 xiii exposure compared to unexposed sample. The tensile strength of specimen at 3days exposure and at 1% and 4% content, the concrete specimens suffered a loss of 4.95% and 58.91% in 2% MgSO4 concentration respectively. At 7days exposure, the same specimen experienced a loss of 7.76% and 80.58% in 2% MgSO4 concentration respectively compared to specimen stored in water. Also, the water absorption increased for all the percentage of PPF content and for all the MgSO4 concentration solution, whereas at 7days exposure, the specimen experienced a higher of 4.02% and 3.42% in 2% concentration respectively. The study concluded that there was reduction in durability of plantain pseudo-stem fibre concrete when exposed to magnesium sulphate at 1% and 2% concentration.
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    Estate surveyors and valuers' perception of intellectual property valuation in Lagos state , Nigeria.
    (Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Enivronmental Design and Management , Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) Ekpo, Immacuata Anthony.
    This study examined the levels of awareness and preparedness of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESVs) to carry out Intellectual Property (IP) Valuation in Lagos State, Nigeria; assessed the perception of ESVs on IP Valuation and determined factors affecting their perception on IP Valuation. These were with the view to ascertaining the prospect for the adoption of IP valuation in the study area. Primary data was used for this study. The data was sourced with the use of questionnaire from Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Lagos State. Lagos State was stratified into Lagos Mainland and Island to ensure proportional representation in the sample. From the 412 registered estate surveying and valuation (ESV) firms in the study area, 50% in each stratum was selected using the raffle draw approach to arrive at a sample size of 206 firms. In each ESV firm, questionnaire was administered at random to one Estate Surveyor and Valuer only. Also, in-depth interview was conducted with 3 members of the Business Asset and Intellectual Property Valuation Professional Group, and 4 members of the Estate Surveyors and Valuers Registration Board of Nigeria (ESVARBON). Data collected included profiles of ESVs, awareness of basic concepts relating to IP valuation, number of training and materials obtained to prepare for IP valuation, ESVs’ perception and factors influencing perception of IP valuation. The data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean ranking, relative importance index (RII), thematic and factor analyses, and Chi Square. The result of the study indicated that 87.6% of ESVs in Lagos State were aware of IP valuation. The level of awareness was average for majority (49.5%) of the ESVs and 23.9% actually had IP valuation experience. Also, it was found that 57.2% of respondents have attended at least a seminar/workshop in preparation for IP valuation. However, respondents agreed, on a five point Likert scale, that: “more seminar/workshop is needed” (mean=4.46); “more sensitisation is needed” (mean=4.41); “a dedicated MCPD on IP valuation is needed”(mean=4.39); and “a dedicated conference on IP valuation is needed” (mean=4.39). By implication, preparedness is still at sensitisation/awareness stage which is insufficient for the task ahead. Moreover, the result of factor analysis indicated that the respondents perceived IP valuation as: full of challenges with 37.65% variation explained; full of benefits to valuers (19.029%) and to SMEs (10.288%). Lastly, the results established that factors in the perceiver (ESVs), such as experience, benefits, interest, mood and familiarity with the target, contributed 61.241% variance and factors in the target (IP valuation), such as scarcity of data, complexity and assumptions (11.165%) affected ESVs’ perception of IP valuation. The study concluded that ESVs had positive perception of IP valuation but their preparedness was insufficient due to factors inherent in the valuation and in ESVs themselves; hence, more training is needed to hasten the adoption of IP valuation.