Department of Botany-Journal Articles

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Open Access
African Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories and Mitigation Options: Forestry, Land-Use Change, and Agriculture
(Kluwer, 1995) Braatz, B. V.; Brown, S.; Isichei, A. O.; Odada, E. O.; Scholes, R. J.; Sokona, Y.; Drichi, P.; Gastonz, G.; Delmas, R.; Holmes, R.; Amous, S.; Muyungi, R. S.; De Jode, A.; Gibbs, M.
Human-induced change in the composition of the atmosphere seriously threatens the global climate. In an effort to address this threat, 161 nations signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. The ultimate objective of this international agreement is to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. As of the first session of the Conference of the Parties (March/April 1995), 128 nations had ratified the Convention. Parties to the Convention commit to numerous obligations, including commitments to: develop national inventories of anthropogenic emission using agreed, comparable methodologies; and to formulate and implement national programs containing measures to mitigate, and to facilitate adaptation to, climate change. Several bilateral and multilateral programs, including the United States Country Studies Program (U.S. CSP) and the United Nations Environment Programme/Global Environment Facility Country Case Studies Project (UNEP) have been established to provide technical and financial assistance to developing countries and countries with economies in transition in meeting their commitments under the Convention.
Open Access
Allelopathic Effects of Ludwigia decurrens and L.adscendens Subsp. Diffusa on Germination, Seedling Growth and Yield of Corchorus Olitorious L.
(Academic Press, 2010) Sakpere, Ayobola Moninuola; Oziegbe, Matthew; Bilesanmi, Idowu Arinola
This study examined the allelopathic effect of Ludwigia decurrens and L.adscendens exudates on germination, seedling growth (hypocotyl and radicle elongation), seedling mortality vegetative growth and reproductive yield of Corchorus olitorious. Ludwigia decurrens, L. adscendens exudates and tap water (control) were applied to seeds of Corchorus olitorious over a period of 15 days and to 3 weeks old seedling for a period of 4 weeks. Ludwigia exudates had no inhibitory effect on the germination percentage of C. olitorious, but the exudates from the two Ludwigia spp. Induced mortality rate of the 15 day old seedlings (control: 5.00%, L. decurrens: 17.50%, L. adscendens: 26.88%) and a significant decrease in seedling elongation (hypocotyls and radicle length) of C. olitorious. For the vegetative growth experiment, results showed that the stem length, stem fresh weight and leaf area of C.olitorious were significantly inhibited during week 6 (P < 0.05) by L. decurrens and L. adscendens exudates. For reproductive yield experiment, number of pods per plant was significantly reduced on week. The high percentage mortality rate observed in seedlings might be an important factor in reducing seedling survival of Corchorus olitorious in habitats where the two Ludwigia spp are dominant.
Open Access
An Analysis of Vegetation as a Resource in South-Eastern Nigeria
(1993) Akobundu, I. O. [et al.]
A long-term study was initiated in 1988 in two fallow systems: a planted Dactyladenia (Acioa) barteri system at Mbaise and a natural bush fallow at Umuahia in south-eastern Nigeria. The planted fallow systems consisted of rows of D. barteri spaced 2m apart and lengths of fallow periods ranged from 1 to 3 years. The natural bush fallow periods ranged from 1 to 5 years old. Analysis of the natural bush fallow showed that Dactyladenia barteri, Anthonotha macrophylla and Dialium guineense dominated the vegetation. Stems with a girth of over 20cm contributed most to the stem basal area in the natural bush fallow in all fallow periods. In the planted fallow, a stem basal area of 20 m2/ha was observed only in the 3-year-old fallow. Girth class distribution in the D. barteri field after the second year of fallow was more uniform than in the natural fallow, indicating less interference with the vegetation in the former. For the same fallow length, the amount of litter produced and the nutrient composition were identical in the two systems. Soil analysis showed that pH, soil organic C and total N content in the soil under planted fallow did not change, but extractable P increased with fallow length. The authors concluded that the two fallows systems are potential means of restoring soil fertility through litterfall and pruning application.
Open Access
Antioxidant Activities and Food Value of Five Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetables in South Western Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Sciences, 2011) Oloyede, F. M; Oloyede, F. A; Obuotor, E. M; Ibironke, S. I.
Objectives: To determine the food value and antioxidant activities of five underutilized leafy vegetables namely: Bidens pilosa L.-Beggar's ticks/ Cobbler's peg; Celosia trigna L.- Woolflower; Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) S. Moore – Fireweed/redflower ragleaf; Launaea taracifolia (L.) Cars- Wide lettuce and Solanun nigrum L. - Black Nightshade/sun berry. Materials and methods: Fresh shoots of the five vegetables were collected from the wild, cleaned and milled. Food values which include proximate, minerals, and vitamin C contents were analyzed following the routine chemical analytical methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect and phenolic compounds concentrations of the plants extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The antioxidant activities and nutrient contents of the five vegetables showed variable trends and considerable high values. Across the vegetables, antioxidant activities ranged from 67.2% (L. taracifolia) to 91.8% (B. pilosa) at a concentration of 1mg/ml of the extracted material. The total phenol contents were between 5953.5k1.5 and 10193.5+0.5 mgi100g. The flavonoid contents varieg from 3438±1.00 to 4974±1.00 mg/100g. Anthocyanin content in mg/100g ranged from 0.385±0.005 to 5.065±0.015 while Proanthocyanidin content varied from 0.125±0.05 to 2.050±0.15 in the extract powder. Crude protein values ranged from 3.5 to 9.16g/100g, Carbohydrate contents varied from 1.09 to 9.43g/100g while ascorbic acid(Vitamin C) compositions ranged from 27.2 to 87.3 mgI100g. Ca content ranges from 31.23 to 54.90 mg/100g, while Fe content varied from 21.25 to 139.75 mg/100g. Conclusion: The vegetables contained appreciable quantities of protein, iron, calcium and vitamin C. The antioxidant activities and phenolic antioxidant contents of the vegetables were also high. The health claims associated with some of these food values and bioactive compounds are noteworthy, thereby underlining the potential role of these underutilized vegetables as functional foods.
Open Access
Application of Numerical Taxonomy to Lip Morphology in the Genus Polystachya Hook (Orchidaceae) in Nigeria
(2009) Folorunso, Abayomi Ezekiel; Jayeola, Adeniyi Akanni
SCLA, a numerical taxonomic method was applied to lip morphology in the genus Polystachya Hook (Orchidaceae) in Nigeria. The basic data matrix was prepared by coding for the presence or absence of the attributes of characters involved. The data were standardized so that the values of a particular character were transformed into values ranging from zero to one. The SCLA showed that the reproductive characters are much better than the vegetative characters earlier used in distribution of Polystachya species into their sections. In the case of reproductive characters, more clusters were reported; this may be an indication of more sections in Polystachya than those earlier reported.
Open Access
Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development: Ecological Assessment and Monitoring of Biodiversity in Nigeria
(Nigerian National Committee for Man and the Biosphere (MAB), 1996) lsichei, Augustine O.
The ecosystem comprises the biological' community together with its physical environment. Ecological energetics and nutrient dynamics depend on fluxes between living and non- living components of ecosystems. Ecosystem may thus be viewed as the next higher level of organization of living, things but they are not necessarily different from communities since no community can be studied in isolation from its physical environment.
Open Access
Biomonitoring of environmental pollution in the vicinity of iron and steel smelters in southwestern Nigeria using transplanted lichens and mosses
(2019-10) Olise, Felix; Tunde, Ogundele Lasun; Olajire, Mudasiru A.; Oyediran, K. Owoade
This study identified specific emission sources of atmospheric pollution in the vicinity of two secondary iron and steel smelting factories in Osun state, southwestern Nigeria, using transplanted biomonitors. A total of 120 biomonitors consisting of lichen and moss were grown under a controlled environment and later transplanted to the surroundings of each factory for monitoring of air pollutants for 3 months in both wet and dry seasons. The elemental contents (K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb and Sr) of the biomonitors were determined by X-ray florescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The source identification was performed by applying positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor modelling approach using the elemental data set from the two smelters. Among the measured elements, Fe had the highest average concentration in the lichen and moss samples as well as in both seasons. The average concentrations of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Br were low. The varying average elemental concentrations of lichen and moss reflect the pattern of impact of smelting on atmospheric airborne pollution around the factories. The four factors resolved by PMF and their respective contributions were metal processing (39.0%), Fe source (28.0%), crustal/soil (22.0%) and road dust (11.0%) for moss and Fe source (34.0%), crustal/soil (26.0%), coal combustion (25.0%) and road dust (15.0%) for lichen. The study showcases lichen and moss as cheaper and yet efficient uninterrupted monitoring tools of air pollution sources associated with iron and steel smelting industrial activities.
Open Access
Biosystematic Studies in Annonaceae I. Vegetative and Floral Morphological Studies of Some Species of Annona in Nigeria
(2006) Folorunso, A. E.; Olorode, O.
A morphological study of four species of Annona found in Nigeria and characterized as important under-utilized species was conducted in search of intrageneric characters which may be of taxonomic value in the identification and classification of the genus. Life plants, fruits, flowers and seeds were studied form mature plants in the experimental garden. Both qualitative and quantitative characters were recorded. Additional morphological characters of taxonomic value are eucamptodromous venation, inflated petiole, chasmogamous flower and distichous phyllotaxy.
Open Access
Biosystematic Studies in Annonaceae II Vegetative and Floral Morphological Studies of Some Genera of Annonaceae in Nigeria
(2008) Folorunso, A. E.; Olorode, O.
A vegetative and floral morphological study of the species of Annonaceae found in Nigeria was conducted in search of intergeneric characters that may be of taxonomic value in the identification and classification of the species. Life plants, fruits, flowers and seeds were studied from mature plants in the experimental garden. Both qualitative and quantitative characters were recorded. The intergeneric relationships among and between the species of Annonaceae were reported and similarly, additional features that may be of taxonomic value in the classification and identification in the family and apocarpy, syncarpy phyllotaxy, monopody, sympody, fruit type and fruit shape have been provided.
Open Access
Callus Initiation and Plant Regeneration of Caladium Bicolor (AITON) Vent: By in Vitro C ulture
(2005) Sakpere, A. M. A.; Adebona, A. C.
A method for the direct plant regeneration of Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent is described. Callus was induced from corm and leaf explants of C. bicolor on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.8 mg/L2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in combination with 1mg/l kinetin. The callus which was white arid compact was scanty and shortlived. Rootlets and shootlets were generated on corm explants inoculated on medium supplemented with kinetin and NAA as well as various concentrations of 2,4-D. Corm and leaf explants had a 50 % response each to all the concentrations of 2.4-D used. More callus was induced from leaf explants than from petiole or corm explants.
Open Access
Changes in a secondary forest in southwestern Nigeria following a ground fire
(1986) Isichei, Augustine O.; Ekeleme, Friday; Jimoh, Bakare A.
In January 1983, two 50 m x 50 m rain forest plots in the University of Ife campus in southwestern Nigeria were demarcated for a baseline study of species composition, litterfall and tree girth increments. By accident, a severe ground fire burnt one of the plots on 31 January, barely two weeks after litter traps had been set and species listing and fist girth measurements completed. The effect of this fire was assessed in the burnt plot after 14 months, in April 1984. The fire affected small trees especially, and there were indications that some species were more sensitive than others. Manihot glaziovii, which was present in the plot and abundant in its vicinity before the fire showed a big increase in density after the fire because it was able to germinate in the openings created by the fie. These observations were related to succession, and it is concluded that the observation by some workers that the initial composition of a regrowth forest may be partly predicted from a knowledge of the seed bank in the soil may be applicable in the present case.
Open Access
Comparative Foliar Anatomy of Ten Species in the Genus Hibiscus Linn. in Nigeria
(2004) Adedeji, O.; Illoh, H. C.
The foliar anatomy of ten species of Hibiscus in Nigeria is described. The distinguishing characters of taxonomic value include the variation in the shapes of petioles in the proximal region, the variation in the number and arrangement of the vascular bundles, presence or absence of medullary bundles in the pith at the distal end of the petiole, types of trichomes on the lamina and petioles and presence or absence of cuticular striations on the epidermal surfaces. Druses of calcium oxalate crystals occur generally in the genus, however, occurrence, distribution and quantity of these crystals is quite diagnostic on the adaxial and abaxial epidermal surfaces of H. rostellatus.
Open Access
Comparative Foliar Epidermal Studies in Andropogon Gayanus (Kunth) and Andropogon tectorum (Schum & Thonns) in Nigeria
(2009) Folorunso, Abayomi Ezekiel; Olaniyan, Ojuolape Funmilola
The foliar epidermal studies were carried out on Andropogon gayanus and Andropogon tectorum with the aim of determining the patterns of variation in their epidermal characteristics and assessing their value in species identification and classification. Adaptive and endemic characters that may be useful in the identification of the savanna species (A. gayanus) are long cells longer in length and width; straight anticlinal wall. Typical characters of the genus are important in the identification and classification of the genus; these are cell wall largely thick and straight, stomata amphistomatic, papillae largely numerous and uniform in size.
Open Access
Comparative Foliar Epidermal Studies in Cymbopogon Citratus (Stapf.) and Cymbopogon Giganteus (Hochst.) Chiov. in Nigeria
(2007) Folorunso, A. E; Oyetunji, O. A.
The foliar epidermal studies were carried out on Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus with the aim of determining the patterns of variation in their epidermal characteristics and assessing their value in species identification and classification. The characters of diagnostic importance in the identification on C. citratus are the micro hairs, which are sparsely distributed in the adaxial epidermis and prickle hairs present in both abaxial and adaxial epidermis. The diagnostic character for C. giganteus is the papillae seen alongside their long cells.
Open Access
Comparative Studies of Physico-biochemical Parameters in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and A. moschatus (Moench)
(2006) Adelusi, A. A.; Makinde, A. M.; Folorunso, A. E.
Morphological features and nutritional composition were investigated in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and A. moschatus (Moench). The seedlings, raised naturally on the field in sandy loam soil were analysed for height, length of petiole, length and breadth of leaves, number of leaves per plant, number of buds and the fruits produced. Proximate analysis was also carried out to determine the chemical composition of the leaves as well as the fruits. The two okra species share similar attributes. Number of buds were positively correlated with fruit yield in A. esculentus. The basal portions of the fruit of both species are rich in carbohydrates and fibers. The leaves are rich in fats and crude protein.
Open Access
Comparative Study of Leaf Architectural and Epidermal Features in Some Nigerian Species of Bombacaceae
(2009) Folorunso, A. E.; Jayeola, A. A.; Olaleye-Otunla, O. J.
Foliar architectural and epidermal studies were conducted on some species in the family Bombacaceae in search of taxonomic and diagnostic characters that could be employed for their classification and identification. Lamina symmetry, leaf form, leaf apex, leaf base, leaf margin, leaf texture, petiole, venation pattern and areolation were studied as the architectural features. Diagnostic architectural characters that distinguish Ceiba pentandra from Bombax species are acute leaf base, pinnate camptodromous venation and veinlets branching three times. Using leaf epidermal characters, the presence of wavy anticlinal wall and cuticular striations delimit Ceiba pentandra from Bombax species. Elliptic leaf form, decurrent leaf base, toothed margin, normal petiole, primary vein size stout 2-4%, veinlets branched twice, well developed and oriented areolation are diagnostic to Adansonia digitate based on the leaf architectural features and the presence of stellate trichome and large stomatal size are the epidermal characters that delimit A. digitata from all the other species in Bombacaceae. Diagnostic features of Bombax species are reported and similarly, the taxonomic characters for all the species in Bombacaceae are symmetrical lamina, coriaceous leaf texture, variation in angle of divergence nearly uniform, epidermal cell polygonal to irregular in shape and hypostomatic stomata. Taxonomic key was conducted based on the characters studied.
Open Access
Comparative Study of Protein Profiles of the Leaves of Wild Manihot glaziovii Mueller and the Cultivated Species, Manihot esculenta Crantz by SDS-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
(2006) Folorunso, A. E.; Awelewa, O. A.; Adewale, I. O
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted on leaf protein extracts of Manihot esculenta and the wild relative, Manihot glaziovii, Manihot esculenta recorded the highest number of protein bands which might be form the past hybridizational processes which had taken place between it and the wild relatives, among which is Manihot glaziovii in order to further increase the protein content of the edible Manihot esculenta, the two protein bands between 5.0 and 5.9 cm characteristic of Manihot glaziovii, as revealed in the rod gels, by electrophoresis, could be transferred to Manihot esculenta through hybridization. It is also possible that in he process, resistance to insects, diseases and drought may be transferred.
Open Access
Comparative Study of the Biochemical Properties of the Fruits of Wild (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl. (Mill.)) and the Cultivated (L. esculentum Mill.) Tomato Cultivars in Nigeria
(2004) Adedeji, O.; Adewale, I. O
The fruits of three cultivars of the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and the wild species (L. pimpinellifolium ) were analysed and compared for their biochemical properties. Ripe fruits at the orange-red stage were used for all the analyses. Both the cultivated and the wild tomato species showed high moisture contents. The wild tomato cultivar had a higher crude protein content and quantitatively, represents the better source of protein intake when compared with the cultivated cultivars. The crude fibre content was highest in L. esculentum cv. Roma V.F. The ash content was higher in the lbadan local and wild cultivars than in the other cultivars. Peroxidase activity was found to be highest in L. pimpinellifoliun while catalase activity was highest in L, esculentum cv Ife-1. Glutathione transferase activities was negligible in all the samples analysed.
Open Access
Comparative Study on the Biochemical Properties of the Fruits of Some Annona Species and Their Leaf Architectural Study
(2007) Folorunso, A. E.; Modupe, O. V.
Leaf architectural and biochemical study of four species of Annona found in Nigeria and characterized as important under-utilized species was conducted in search of intrageneric characters which may be of taxonomic value in the classification of the genus. Lamina balance, leaf form, leaf apex, leaf based, leaf margin, leaf texture were studied as the architectural features. Proximate analysis of mature and ripe fruits was also carried out to determine the nutritional status of the fruits. More intrageneric relationships among the Annonas have been reported along with characters of taxonomic value in the identification and classification of the genus. A reticulata and A. squamosa appear to have better nutritional (protein) and shelf life.
Open Access
Cover crops reduce weed seedbanks in maize-cassava systems in southwestern Nigeria
(2003) Ekeleme, Friday; Akobundu, I. Okezie; Isichei, Augustine O.; Chikoye, David
Weeds are a major constraint to crop production in smallholder farms in tropical Africa. The weed seedbank and annual recruitment are the main sources of weed infestation in crops. This study was carried out in Ibadan, Nigeria, to evaluate the effect on the seedbank of two types of planted fallow (alley cropping with leucaena and live mulch with tropical kudzu) and a natural bush fallow under four land-use intensities. Type of fallow was the main plot. Land-use intensities, consisting of continuous cropping of maize intercropped with cassava, I cropping yr of maize-cassava followed by 1, 2, and 3 yr of fallow, were the subplots. Averaged over a 3-yr period, the seedbank was 55% lower in the tropical kudzu plots and 43% lower in the leucaena plots compared with natural bosh. The difference in seedbanks between plots cultivated after leucaena and natural fallow was 23%. Seed density of annual broadleaf weeds was high and dominated the seedbank of both planted and natural fallow. Overall, seeds of grasses occurred at low densities in all plots cultivated after 2 to 3 yr of fallow, whereas seeds of sedges occurred more in continuously cultivated plots and plots cultivated after 1 yr of Sallow in all the fallow types. Seed density of perennial broadleaf weeds increased as land-use intensity decreased. Live mulch with tropical kudzu, especially when combined with 2 to 3 yr of fallow, lowered the seedbank more than the leucaena and traditional bush fallow systems.

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