Master of Science (M.Sc.) Theses and Dissertations

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    Influence of plumage colour on body weight and body parameters of noiler chicken and their crosses.
    (Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture. Obafemi Awolowo University., 2021) AKINSEMOLU, Francis Ademola
    ABSTRACT The study assessed the growth performance, combining abilities and nonlinear growth models of three plumage colour varieties (PCV) of Noiler chicken (black, brown and barred) and their crosses. This was with a view to study the influence of plumage colour on body weight and body parameters of Noiler chicken and their crosses. A total of four hundred and eighty (480) birds were used for this study; two hundred and forty (240) day-old chicks, comprising of eighty each from black, brown and barred strains were used for the parent line and 240 day-old chicks comprising of sixty day-old chicks each obtained from eggs collected from diallel cross of (Black [Bl] and Brown [Br]) plumage colour varieties of Noiler chicken were also used for the crosses. Four genetic groups (Bl × Bl, Br × Br, Bl × Br and Br × Bl) were generated from the crosses. The birds were brooded and raised on deep litter and battery cage for 16 weeks in labelled pens in a semi-open house. Data were collected on Body Weight (BW), Breast Girth (BG), Body Length (BL), Wing Length (WL), Shank Length (SL) and Feed Intake (FI) to estimate Feed Efficiency (FE) and Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG). Data were analysed using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS. Means were separated using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. Plant Breeding Tools (PBT) version 2.0. was used to derive both the General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) coefficients using diallel analysis mating design, Griffings method 1. The Gompertz, Logistic, and Bertalanffy growth models were fitted to the body weight records of birds from the plumage colour varieties and their crosses using NLIN procedure of SAS®. The results showed that there was significant difference in the body weight of the crosses. At 16 weeks of age, BrnxBlk had the highest mean value of 2453.7g for body weight followed by a mean value of 2066.46g in BlkxBlk, 1986.74g in BlkxBrn and 1939.44g in BrnxBrn. Sex-influenced differences were observed in all the traits measured, with superior values recorded for cocks. Male black PCV had the highest body weight of 2608.03g. Male brown PCV had body weight of 2551.47g while male barred PCV had the least body weight of 2515.84g. Female barred PCV had the highest body weight of 2058.20g. Female black PCV had body weight of 1991.53g while female brown PCV had the least body weight of 1929.57g. BrnxBlk had the highest body weight for male (2656.24g) and female (2251.14g). BlkxBlk male had body weight of 2196.67g and 1936.35g in female. BlkxBrn male had body weight of 2195.14g and 1778.34g in female. BrnxBrn had the least value for male (2174.50g) and female (1704.39g). At maturity, GCA for body weight in male Noiler was +5.54 for black and -5.54 for brown. GCA for body weight in female Noiler was +57.97 for black and -57.97 for brown. SCA for body weight in male Noiler chicken was 120.06 for BlkxBrn and -230.55 for BrnxBlk. SCA for body weight in female Noiler chicken was 97.21 for BlkxBrn and -236.40 for BrnxBlk. The lowest values of mean square error were obtained from the Gompertz model in both male and female Noilers. Gompertz had the least overall residual values. Bertalanffy had the highest model residual effect with Logistic model in between. The study concluded that for the male, the black plumage colour variety had the highest body weight at maturity while for the female, barred plumage colour variety had the highest body weight among the parents. Female brown plumage colour variety was the lightest which could birth further research on selection for laying. BrnxBlk had the best performance among the crosses. GCA values depict that plumage colour can be used for selection in females. SCA highlights BrnxBlk as the best combination. Based on AIC, Gompertz model was the best fit non-linear growth model for male and female Noiler chicken and their crosses.
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    Assessment of farmer-to-farmer cassava innovation dissemination in Osun state, Nigeria
    (Department of Agricultural extension and rural development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife., 2024) Akande, Bakare Aleem.
    The study identified the various innovations the cassava farmers are disseminating; determined the level of involvement of the respondents in the dissemination of the innovations, examined the respondents’ perception about the innovations been disseminated and examined the communication methods adopted while disseminating the innovations among the respondents in the study area. These were with a view to assessing the farmer-to-farmer cassava innovation dissemination in Osun State, Nigeria. The study was carried out in Osun State. Population for the study were the cassava farmers that registered with Cassava Growers Association of Nigeria, Osun State Chapter. The State is divided into three agricultural zones, namely, Iwo, Ife-Ijesha and Osogbo. Iwo zone has seven Local Government Areas (LGAs); Ife-Ijesha has 10 LGAs; while Osogbo has 13 LGAs. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. At the first stage, based on the preponderance of cassava farmers, there was a purposive selection of one LGA from Iwo zone namely Iwo, two LGAs from Ife-Ijesa zone namely Ife North and Ilesa West and two LGAs from Osogbo zone namely Odo-Otin and Orolu making a total of five LGAs selected. At the second stage, the following rural communities were selected three from Ife north LGAs, three from Ilesha west LGAs, five from Iwo LGAs, three from Odo – Otin LGAs and three from Orolu making LGAs making a total of seventeen rural communities, simple random sampling was used to select 50 percent of the registered cassava farmers across the selected LGAs translating to 100 from Iwo, 48 from Ife-North, 44 from Ilesa West, 18 from Odo-Otin LGAs and 109 from Orolu LGAs. In all, 319 respondents were selected for the study in the last stage. Results showed that: the mean age, household size, years of formal education and annual income were (48±10years , 7±3 members, was12±5 #473,981.19±#201,310.72) respectively Majority identified getting cassava stems from recommended source, use neem extracts as bio control of pest, high yielding varieties, use healthy planting materials and planting cassava at the right density (73.7%, 67.1%, 77.1%, 67.7%) respectively as innovation disseminated. About 71 percent indicated a moderate level of involvement in innovation disseminated. More than half (50.2%) indicated positive level of perception about the innovation being disseminated. Meetings, (x̄ = 2.67), farm visit (x̄ = 2.55), group and discussion (x̄ = 1.51) were the methods of communication that were highly used to disseminate the innovations. Furthermore, results show that there was significant relationship between age (r = -0.464), household size (r = 0.162), estimated annual income (r = 0.23). There was a positive and significant relationship between perception (r = 0.31), methods of communication (r = 0.219) and involvement in innovation dissemination at (p ≤ 0.05). The study concluded that meetings and face-to-face methods of innovation dissemination were effective and the respondents were moderately involved in disseminating the cassava innovation in the study area.
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    Factors influencing the consumption of indigenous drinks among rural dwellers in Osun state, Nigeria
    (Department Of Agricultural Extension And Rural Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife., 2024) Ajibade, Iyanuoluwa Esther.
    The study identified the types and characteristics of indigenous drinks prevailing among rural dwellers in Osun State; determined the consumption level of the indigenous drinks among the respondents, examined their perception of the consumption n of indigenous drinks, and isolated the factors influencing the consumption of indigenous drinks in the study area. These were with a view to provide additional information on the factors influencing the consumption of indigenous drinks among rural dwellers in Osun State, Nigeria, which could impact their health and productivity. The population for the study was the rural dwellers of the 5 sub-ethnic groups in Osun state, namely Igbomina, Oyo, Ife, Ijesha and Ibolo. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used for the study. At the first stage, purposive sampling was used to select one Local Government Area (LGA) from the 5 sub-ethnic groups present in the study area to obtain a total of five LGAs. These are: Ayedire for Oyo sub-ethnic group, Ife East for Ife sub-ethnic group, Obokun for Ijesha sub-ethnic group, Ila for Igbomina sub-ethnic group and Odo-otin for Ibolo sub-ethnic group. The purposive sampling was based on history of existence and prevalence of indigenous drinks in the selected LGAs. At the second stage, proportionate sampling technique was used to select ten percent of the total number of communities in each of the selected LGAs translating to 10 communities from Ayedire LGA, 15 from Ife East, 10 from Obokun, 3 from Ila and 3 from Odo-otin making a total of 41 rural communities. Finally, five respondents were selected from each rural community using snowballing technique to give 205 respondents for the study. Qualitative data collection were carried out using in-depth interview guide. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using appropriate descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency counts, percentage and inferential statistics such as chi-square, correlation and analysis of variance. Results showed that more than half (52.9%) of the respondents were males. The mean age was 40±12 years, mean household size was 6±2 members, mean years of formal education was 12±3 years and the mean annual income was ₦162,504± ₦66,000. The availability and consumption of the drinks respectively were: zobo (100%, 72.7%), palm wine (99.5%, 64.4%), and soymilk (95.6%, 63.9%). The sensory (63.45%), socio-cultural (54.83%), production (66.96%), and perceived functional characteristics (74.03%) of the drinks were considered by the respondents before the consumption of indigenous drinks. About half (51.2%) respondents indicated high indigenous drink consumption. Consumption was favoured by 89.3% of the respondents. Factor analysis yielded three factors namely: drink characteristics factors (ℷ4.392) such as household size, socio-cultural, functional, sensory, and production characteristics; educational factors (ℷ3.400) such as years spent in formal education, perception of the respondents towards consumption of indigenous drinks and knowledge of perceived health benefits; and economic factors (ℷ1.880) such as estimated annual income, age and knowledge of perceived health benefits. The study concluded that the drinks' characteristics, educational background and economic status of consumers influenced indigenous drinks consumption in Osun State, Nigeria.
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    Effect of social networking on cocoa marketing performance in Osun state, Nigeria.
    (Department of Agricultural economics, Falculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2025) Adeyemi, Mary Ifeoluwa.
    This study described the socio-economic characteristics of cocoa marketers in Osun State, profile the structures of network of communication among the cocoa marketers, analysed the determinants of social networking used by cocoa marketers, and determined the effect of social networking on cocoa marketing performance in Osun State, Nigeria. These were with a view to enhancing the effect of social networking on cocoa marketing performance in the study area. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. The first step involved purposively selecting five Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Osun State (Ife East, Ife South, Ife North, Obokun, Atakunmosa East) based primarily on the presence of cocoa marketers in the study areas. The second stage involved randomly selecting two communities from each of the chosen LGAs. The third stage involved snow ball sampling technique to select twenty cocoa marketers from each of the community. In total, 200 cocoa marketers were surveyed for the study using a structured questionnaire. The data were collected on the socio characteristics of the respondents (age,gender, educational qualification, marital status, marketing experience), of network of communication among the respondents (network type, degree of centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, network density) and determinants of social networking used by respondents ( duration of relationship, frequency of meeting, type of trade, access to cooperative etc). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results revealed that 8% of cocoa marketers were women, and 92% of them were men. The average age was 57.0 ± 6.52 years, 83.50% were married, 82.50% had household size less than or equal to five people, 76.6% of respondents have access to market information. These findings indicate that having access to market information motivates cocoa marketers to increase their involvement in the direct market. These reveal that a significant portion (45.50%) of cocoa marketers who identified their primary sources of market information as networks (including neighbours, relatives, friends, and fellow marketers) had a direct network comprising 2 to 3 contacts. The respondents were the most central as they were identified by the highest number of egos as sources of information. Result of regression analysis on multivariate probit model revealed that the frequency of interaction among cocoa marketers negatively influences their choice of trader and neighbour networks at a 10% significance level and 1% respectively. Ordinary least square revealed that the duration of a relationship with (p < 0.01) significantly influence marketing margin. As hypothesized network size had a significant (p < 0.01) negative influence on the marketing margin. The study concluded that key cocoa marketers act as information leaders within 200networking members; their involvement is crucial for effective information flow and broader economic transformation, emphasizing the need for strategic policies to boost cocoa marketing and infrastructure
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    Determinants of socio-economic status of catfish value chain actors in Osun state, Nigeria
    (Department of Agricultural extension and rural development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife., 2024) Afolami, Mercy Bolatito.
    The study described the characteristics of actors’ enterprise, determined the perception, socio-economic status (SES) and isolated factors influencing actors' involvement in the activities along the catfish value chain in Osun State. These were with a view to assessing the actors' socio-economic status along the catfish value chain in the study area. The study was conducted in Osun State, Nigeria. Actors, who were involved in at least one stage of the catfish value chain in the study area were the targeted population for the study. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select respondents. At the first stage, 25% of the Local Government Areas (LGAs) from each of the Osun State Agricultural Development zones were proportionately selected, translating into three out of ten LGAs in Ife/Ijesha zone, three out of thirteen LGAs in Osogbo zone and two out of seven LGAs in Iwo zone making a total of eight LGAs. At the second stage, three communities each were purposively selected from the LGAs based on the prevalence of catfish business activities making a total of 24 communities. At the last stage, based on information from the reconnaissance survey about the concentration of the actors, 16 actors (seven producers, three processors and six marketers) were selected from each community making a total of 384 respondents. A well-structured interview schedule was used to collect quantitative data while qualitative data were obtained using in-depth interview guide. Data collected were analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results showed that the mean age for producers, processors and marketers were 42.1 ±10.4, 40.4 ± 8.5 and 40.4 ± 8.7 respectively, the mean household size was 6.0 ± 5.0, 6.0 ± 2.0 and 6.0 ± 2.0 (persons) for producers, processors and marketers respectively, with majority (60.1%) been involved in catfish value chain activities as their primary occupation. More than half (50.6%, 58.3% and 50.7%) of producers, processors and marketers had their enterprise coverage outside their communities, with varying capital investment mean value of ₦ 787338.4, ₦ 166736.2 and ₦ 526,059.4 for producers, processors and marketers respectively. Majority of producers (82.7%), processors (87.5%) and marketers (79.9%) respectively had positive perceptions towards their involvement in catfish enterprises. Marketers had the highest (52.1%) socio-economic status (SES) followed by processors (47.2%), and producers had the least (23.2%). Community-related, perception, personal characteristics factors influenced the involvement of actors in catfish value chain. At p ≤ 0.05, significant association existed between socio-economic status and sex (χ2= 12. 08), indigenous status (χ2=9.36), and secondary occupation (χ2=27.71). Likewise, at p ≤ 0.05, positive and significant relationship existed between socio-economic status of respondents and perception (r = 0.129), length of residency (r = 0.14) and numbers of workers (r = 0.13). Also, significant difference existed at (F =25.60; p ≤ 0.01) among actors SES along the catfish value chain. The study concluded that the determinants for producers’ socioeconomic status were land and ponds, for processors, institutional roles and source of power, while for marketers, it was their occupation.