Master of Science (M.Sc.) Theses and Dissertations

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    Open Access
    Factors associated with the utilisation of malaria preventive services during pregnancy in primary healthcare facilities in Ile Ife, Nigeria.
    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) NTIENO Inayangudo Gideon
    The study assessed the knowledge and level of utilisation of malaria preventive services during pregnancy among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in primary healthcare facilities in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. It also explored the factors affecting utilisation of malaria preventive services during pregnancy among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in primary health facilities in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. These were with the view to providing information on factors influencing utilisation of malaria preventive services during pregnancy among pregnant women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey that employed mixed (quantitative and qualitative) data collection methods. A multistage sampling method was used to select 200 pregnant women from ten healthcare facilities in Ile-Ife for the quantitative survey. Also, two healthcare facilities each from Ife East and Ife Central LGAs were selected for the qualitative survey. The research instrument for the quantitative survey was a client exit questionnaire. This was used to assess the knowledge, level of utilisation and barriers to utilisation to of malaria preventive services. Focused group discussion and key informant interview were employed for the qualitative survey. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, while qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analysed using thematic analysis. Values of p less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. About one-third (34%) of pregnant women had good knowledge of malaria preventive services. The majority (62.5%) of the respondents owned long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), with only 47.5% of them sleeping under a LLIN the night before the survey. The highest proportion of women who used LLIN a night before the survey were between the ages of 30 and 34 years, and this was statistically significant (χ2 =10.70, p = 0.04). Similarly, the proportion of multigravida women who owned LLIN was statistically significantly high(χ2=10.48, p = 0.01). Furthermore, 50.8% of the respondents received at least one dose of IPTp-SP after booking for ANC, with only 7% receiving three doses of IPTp-SP. More (27.7%) multigravida women took at least one dose of IPTp-SP, and this was statistically significant (χ2 =5.76, p=0.02). The use of IPTp-SP was significantly higher (χ2=8.52, p = 0.01) among respondents with good knowledge of malaria preventive services. From the qualitative study, factors identified to influence utilisation of malaria preventive services include lack of stock of LLINs and IPTp-SP, lack of money, poor knowledge on the importance of IPTp-SP and LLINs, spouse's decision, adverse effects of IPTp and LLINs, and poor ANC attendance. The study concluded that both knowledge and utilisation of malaria preventive services were low among pregnant women. Stock-out of malaria preventive commodities and personal factors such as age and gravidity were observed to influence utilization of these services
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    Open Access
    Mission Home use for Antenatal and Delivery care and experiences of Pregnant women and recently delivered mothers in Ile-Ife
    (The Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) AKINJISOLA, Alice Ayomide
    This study assessed the perceived benefits and risks of mission home delivery use among respondents, explored the experiences of mission home delivery among pregnant women and recently delivered mothers who patronise mission homes and determined the factors influencing the mission home users’ decision to have mission home delivery. These were with a view to providing empirical evidence for relevant interventions for improving skilled attendance at birth. The study employed a mixed method design and was conducted among pregnant women and recently delivered mothers who are users of mission-home maternity services in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Three hundred and eighty five respondents were selected through a two-stage sampling technique employing simple random sampling technique at each stage from 8 mission homes in the study area. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to respondents to elicit relevant information. Sampling technique for the qualitative study was purposive. Qualitative data were obtained during four focus group discussions (FGDs) with ten participants in each group using standard protocol. Quantitative data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23 and presented using tables and graphs. Qualitative data were transcribed, themes generated and analysed using Atlas Ti software. The results showed that 44% of the respondents were aged 30-39years. More than 7 out of 10 respondents opted for mission home services because of the affordable cost of services while 86% did so because of fear of operative delivery. The most important perceived benefit of mission home maternity services reported was offer of prayer for clients (90.6%); others were the perceived safety of the mission home environment (87.5%), free consultation services (75.8%) and the attention devoted to clients in mission homes (75.8%). Only 18% reported perceived risk of infections while 6% reported the risk of uncontrollable haemorrhage. The qualitative findings reported the factors that influenced the choice of mission home use for maternity care which include family norms, tradition and closeness of mission homes to their homes. Others were empathy and care displayed by the birth attendants, better time management in mission homes and rare resort to surgical interventions. The study concluded that majority of pregnant women and recently delivered mothers who were users of mission home maternity services use such facilities because of affordability of services, fear of Caesarean operation and closeness of mission homes maternity services to their homes.
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    Open Access
    Integration and Response to Macroeconomic Shocks of Real Estate and Other Listed Investment Assets in Nigeria
    (The Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Environmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) AKINLABI, Ololade Wahab
    This study examined the risk-return characteristics of real estate assets and other listed investment assets in Nigeria from 2009 to 2020; examined trends in the selected macroeconomic factors from 2009 to 2020; determined the level of integration between real estate asset and other listed investment assets; and analysed the response of real estate asset and other listed investment assets to macroeconomic shocks. These were with a view to enhancing optimal investment decisions. Secondary data were obtained from the periodicals of the four indirect real estate companies which are UACN Property Development Company (UPDC REITs), United African Company of Nigeria (UACN PROP), Union Home and Skye Shelter. Data were also obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) market for other listed investment assets which represent the five sectorial indexes in the NSE market such as NSE Banking, NSE Oil and Gas, NSE Industrial, NSE Insurance and NSE Consumer. Data for the macroeconomic factors, inflation rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, GDP and exchange rate were obtained from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and through National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The data obtained were analysed using statistical method of analysis namely; holding period return, Sharp index, trend lines and percentages. Furthermore, the data were also analysed using econometric models such as Johansen Co-integration test and impulse response. The results showed that indirect real estate asset outperformed other listed investment asset on return basis with an annual average return of 4.80%, while NSE Banking, NSE Consumer, NSE Industrial, NSE Insurance and NSE Oil and Gas had annual average returns of 0.83%, 0.31%, -2.23%, -2.18% and -0.03% respectively. On risk adjusted basis, NSE Banking, NSE Insurance and NSE Oil and Gas with annual average Sharpe indexes of 14.48%, 10.51% and 13.29% xiii respectively outperformed indirect real estate asset with a Sharpe index of 8.56%. The study results also intermittent fluctuations in the macroeconomic factors with inflation rate having the highest annual average fluctuation rate of 57.80%, followed by unemployment rate, exchange rate, GDP and interest rate with annual average fluctuation rates of 47.75%, 24.27% 12.84% and -5.12% respectively. The study further established a high level of co-integration between indirect real estate asset and other listed investment assets with trace statistic values of 135.5154, 89.33693, 56.04027, 33.32248, 19.76068 and 6.925179 which were greater their corresponding critical values at 95.75366, 69.81889, 47.85613, 29.79707, 15.49471 and 3.841466 at each rank. This indicates that the assets have long run convergence and have similar reactions to market fundamentals. The study further confirmed the long run integration of indirect real estate asset and other listed investment assets by establishing similar positive and negative long run responses of the assets to macroeconomic shocks. This study concluded that given the high level of integration of indirect real estate asset and other listed investment assets, it is advisable for investors not to consider the combination of these assets in an investment portfolio as they will bring little or no diversification benefit at the long run.
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    Open Access
    Geo-spatial mapping of occupational therapy and physiotherapy services for children with disabilities in Ile-Ife Osun state, Nigeria.
    (Department of community health, Faculty of clinical sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ADEJUMOBI Adeyemi Sunday
    This study described the spatial distribution of Occupational Therapy (OT) and Physiotherapy (PT) services for use by Children with Disabilities (CWDs) in the study area; determined the accessibility of Occupational and Physiotherapy services for use by CWDs in the study area; assessed self-reported use of OT and PT services by parents of CWDs; determined association between accessibility (availability) of services and self-reported use of services; and determined association between characteristics of parents of CWDs’ and self-reported use of the services. These were with the view to assess prevalence of OT and PT services and identify factors associated with use of the services. This study was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out among 102 consenting parents of CWDs in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Respondents were purposively selected from special needs schools and have lived a minimum of 12 months with their CWDs. Occupational therapy and PT facilities were located using Snowball sampling technique. A questionnaire from similar study and Disability Screening Questions (DSQ) scale were used to assess respondents’ self-reported use of OT and PT services and screen types of childhood disabilities respectively. Residences of respondents and location of OT and PT facilities were mapped using Garmin GPS 72H. IBM SPSS version 20 was used to analyze quantitative data and geodata was analyzed using Geospatial data interpolation. Alpha level was set at p<0.05. Results showed that 56 (54.9%) of the respondents were male, 61 (59.81%) had above primary school education and 59 (57.84%) were traders/businessmen. Majority were married 83 (81.37%), christians 93 (91.18%) and were yoruba 98 (96.08 %.). The study area had one OT and two PT services for CWDs which are more centrally located compared to residences of respondents. Lowest mean distance to any facility by respondents was 3.84km while some respondents covered over 8km. The respondents traveled across LGA boundaries to seek rehabilitation care due to unavailability of services nearby. Fifty one (50%) of the respondents reported ever use of rehabilitation services while only 23 (22.6%) recorded current use. Thirty six (35.3%) went for referral and 20 (19.6%) reported use in the last 12 months. Significant association was found between facility type and ever use (χ2=63.630, p=0.001); use in the last 12 months (χ2=42.593, p=0.001); current use (χ2=51.916, p=0.001) and going for referrals (χ2=67.545, p=0.001). Location of facility was also significantly associated with ever use (χ2=63.409, p=0.001); use in the last 12 months (χ2=28.495, p=0.001); current use (χ2=34.856, p=0.001) and going for referrals (χ2=55.963, p=0.001). Level of education had significant association with use in the last 12 months (χ2=16.736, p=0.001); going for referrals (χ2=13.816, p=0.003) and occupation had significant associations with ever use (χ2=17.901, p=0.01); use in the last 12 months (χ2=38.243, p=0.001); current use (χ2=44.050, p=0.001) and going for referrals (χ2=23.118, p=0.001). The study concluded that occupational therapy and physiotherapy services for children with disabilities were scarce and that geographical availability of services, level of education and occupation of parents affected the use of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy services.
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    Food safety, hygiene practices and its associated factors among meat handlers in abattoirs in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria.
    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) Aloko, Stephen Oladipo
    The knowledge, attitudes, and hygienic practices of meat handlers in relation to food safety were assessed in this study. Additionally, research evaluated the relationship between meat handlers' knowledge, attitudes, and sanitary practices in Ilorin's abattoirs. The study investigated the roles and accomplishments of abattoir regulators as well as factors influencing meat handlers' cleanliness practices. This is done in an effort to give information that could be helpful in creating thorough training materials on food safety and hygiene procedures. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that collected data using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. 254 adults in total were hired through a proportionate distribution of meat handlers among the 3 LGAs. Each LGA (Ilorin-South, Ilorin-West, and Ilorin-East)'s registered abattoirs (14 in Ilorin-South, 10 in Ilorin-East, and 12 in Ilorin-West) were all utilised. Each abattoir's eligible meat handlers were chosen using a straightforward random sampling procedure (table of random numbers). The information was gathered using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Twelve abattoir regulators (six head of abattoirs) and (six inspectors) were interviewed as key informants to evaluate their responsibilities and effectiveness. Knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene habits related to food safety were all scored and categorized as either good or bad. Quantitative data were assessed using IBM's Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS), version 25. The p<0.05 significance cutoff was established. The qualitative data were analyzed using Atlasti version 8. The meat handlers' average age was 39.87 + 6.16. About 96.1% of the attitude of meat handlers toward food safety was favorable, 98.4% had high awareness of food safety, and 35.8% practiced appropriate hygiene. The mindset toward following good cleanliness and food safety procedures did not have a statistically significant connection, though (x =2.269, p = 0.132) and understanding of good hygiene and food safety practices (x =5.812, p = 0.016). Education level and ethnicity were the characteristics that substantially influenced hygiene habits (2 =10.642 and p=0.014, respectively). University-educated meat handlers were three times as likely than their less educated colleagues to maintain good hygiene after correcting for covariates using binary logistic regression analysis (OR = 3.11, CI = 2.18 - 165.45, p = 0.008). Compared to Hausa meat handlers, Yoruba meat handlers were five times more likely to practice appropriate cleanliness (OR = 5.07, CI = 1.48-17.32, p = 0.010). In a key informant interview, abattoir regulators described their responsibilities as including ante-mortem inspection, post-mortem inspection, training of meat handlers, monitoring and regulating operations such meat processing, meat storage and use, and equipment maintenance. The survey found that respondents' attitudes and knowledge of food safety were positive, but their cleanliness habits were subpar.