Theses and Dissertations

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Theses and Dissertations (Agricultural Extension and Rural Development)

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    Perception of HIV/AIDS Prevention Strategies among the Youth in Farming Communities of Osun State, Nigeria.
    (2015-09-29) Famuyiwa, Busayo Solomon
    The study assessed the perception of some selected HIV/AIDS prevention strategies among youths in farming communities of Osun State. It specifically examined their socio economic and demographic characteristics, perception, attitude and practice of the strategies. It further assessed respondents' sources of information, frequency of use and the factors influencing the use of the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. This was with a view to determining respondents' level of knowledge. Six Local Government Areas (LGAs), namely, Odo-Otin, Egbedore, Ife Central, Atakunmosa West, Ejigbo, and Iwo were purposively selected from the 30 LGAs in the state to represent the areas of high (Ejigbo and Ife − Central), medium (Egbedore and Atakunmosa West) and low (Odo – Otin and Iwo) HIV occurrences in the State. From the six LGAs, eighteen communities were randomly selected based on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS from which proportionate sampling technique was used to select 270 youths (135 males and 135 females) respondents of between 15 and 24 years. Data collected through the use of interview schedule and focus group discussion (FGD) were analysed using means, standard deviation and percentages while Chi – Square and Correlation analyses were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the mean age of the respondents was 19.2 ± 2.6 years, while respondents’ first sexual experience was at a mean age of 12.3 ± 6.9 years. The results further showed that the population consisted of about 54% Muslims, 45% Christians and 1% adherents of traditional religion, of which about 44% engaged in full time fanning while 34% were students. However, on their secondary source of income, about 30% were engaged in commercial motor cycling (Okada), 10% assisted their parents in non - farm activities (vulcanizing, blacksmith, carpentry and petty trading) and 60% were involved in farming activities. A majority 92% of the respondents were literate, while their major sources of information about HIV/AIDS were radio (37%), print media (30%) and posters (27%). About (77%) of the respondents had indifferent perception and 72% moderate level of practice of the prevention strategies awhile a majority (74%) were indifferent in their attitude. Seventy six percent of the youths had moderate knowledge of the strategies, namely, abstinence, condom, voluntary counseling and testing, avoiding transfusion of untested blood and untreated sharp objects. Factors influencing the use of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies identified included respondents level of knowledge (71%), individual sexual needs (68%), availability of prevention methods (68%) and finance (67%). Correlation analysis showed a significant but inverse relationship between the levels of perception of the prevention strategies and years of residence (r -0.142; P < 0.05), position in the family (r = -0.144; P < 0.05), age (r = -0.179; P < 0.01) and years of formal schooling (r = -0.227; P < 0.01). A significant association was observed between the levels of perception of the prevention strategies and marital status ( x 2 = 625.38, df =6, P < 0.05); membership of social organization (x 2 = 310.02, df =4. P < 0.05) and level of practice (x 2 = 256.04, df = 4, P < 0.05). It was concluded that the majority of the youths in the farming communities were indifferent to the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies which predisposes them to low adoption of the strategies. Hence, rural youths in Osun State are vulnerable to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Rural Youth Movement from Farming to Transportation Sector in Osun State, Nigeria
    (2015-04-30) Ojubanire, Michael Olukayode
    The study was designed to assess the movement of rural youth from farming to the rural transportation activities; identify reasons for the movement and determined their levels of involvement in these activities. It also determined the social and economic satisfaction derived from rural transportation by the youth. This is with a view to coming up with policy strategies that could facilitate the youth participation in rural development. The study was carried out in Ife-Ijesa, Iwo and Osogbo agricultural zones of Osun State, Nigeria. Validated interview schedule and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were used to elicit information on levels of economic satisfaction in rural transport activities and levels of involvement from 141 rural youths involved in rural transport activities. They were randomly selected from 325, 457 and 1,700 registered transport operators in Ife-Ijesa, Iwo and Osogbo zones respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 84% of the respondents were highly involved in rural transport activities; and spent an average of 14 hours per day. The results further showed that all the respondents were male among which 82% were married and 18% were single. The age bracket for respondents was between 13 and 30 years. Majority (54%) of the respondents had secondary education, 45% had primary education while 1% had no formal education. Also, majority (55%) of the respondents had between 4 and 7 years of experience in transport business, 37% had between 8 and 11 years while 1% had above 12 years. The result further showed that some (11%) of the respondents were also engaged in farming whilst 69% were involved in agro-allied businesses. About 17% were schooling prior to their involvement in rural transport activities. It was further revealed that majority (79%) of the respondents were involved in riding of motorcycle, 34% involved in bus driving while 5% engaged in both activities. Ninety five percent of the respondents had a moderate level of economic satisfaction in rural transportation activities, had a high level of economic satisfaction while 1% had a low level of economic satisfaction. The results also revealed that the average monthly income of N8,973 derived from transport business by the youth was more than the average monthly income of N5,598 generated from farming and agro-allied business. Furthermore there were significant relationships between the level of involvement in transport activities and age (x2 =10.46, p < 0.05), years of experience in transport business (x2 =16.63, p < 0.05), dependants' size (x2 =12.55, p < 0.05), forms of habitation (x2 =9.95, p < 0.05) and level of formal education (x2 =7.71, p < 0.05). In conclusion, rural youth abandoned farming for transportation business due to the economic gain, they derived from transport business.
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    A Study of Some Socio-economic and Institutional Factors Affecting Beef Production in the Middle Belt of Nigeria.
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, 1986) Ige, Samuel Abayomi; Alao, J. Ade
    NIGERIA, like most developing nations of the world, faces acute short-age of animal protein intake. Beef production has been recognized as one of the means by which the level of consumption of animal protein can be increased. The main objective of this research therefore was to conduct an exploratory study into some socio-economic and institutional factors affecting beef production in the central region of Nigeria which offers the greatest potential for ruminant livestock production in the country. The study covered five States in Nigeria, viz. BAUCHI, BENUE, KWARA, NIGER and PLATEAU states. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection from livestock workers of the various States' Ministries of Agriculture/or Natural Resources. A random sample of 100 respondents was selected and the response rate was eighty-five (85). Interview schedule, inter-personal discussions, and documentary research materials were all used in various combinations for collecting information from the Ministries' Chief Executives. The sociological factors affecting beef production centred on the belief systems, aesthetic values, attitudes, land use patterns, pastoralist farmer relationship and traditional cattle husbandry systems of the Fulani cattle farmers. Another important sociological factor was the cultural compatibility or otherwise of settling the nomads. The economic factors included the adequacy of livestock financing by the Government, the availability of farm credit, transportation of live and slaughtered animals, cattle feeding and stock water supply, beef distribution and marketing strategies. Some other economic factors studied were the economic importance of disease control and the menace of tsetse flies. The institutional factors of concern in the Study were inter- and intra-departmental/ ministerial co-ordination, availability and relevance of training programme, quantity and quality of staff for livestock development, programme planning procedures being adopted, government direct and indirect production efforts, and research activities into beef production. The study showed that the supply of beef in Nigeria could only be improved if concerted efforts were made to reduce or remove the identified multi-various constraints. The provision of pasture, grazing reserves, stock water, settlement of the nomads, modern range management practices, education for all farmers and their children, initiation of a dynamic marketing arrangement and the creation of a progressive rural structure for rural transformation are some of the needed requirements to increase the level of beef supply in Nigeria. The above findings are by no means the panacea to our ailing beef industry. The study and its recommendations however, will doubtlessly generate a lot of thoughts, further inquiry and greater concern for the urgent national need towards increased production and development of the Nigerian beef industry.