Heavy metals speciation study of some selected personal care products in Nigeria by atomic absorption spectroscopy
Loading...
Date
2016
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Obafemi Awolowo University
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the species of heavy metals such as As, Cr, and Pb in some customer care products available in Nigeria. This was done with a view to evaluating the associated health risks of these heavy metals with respect to the regular uses of the customer care products.
Common eleven classes of customer care products, namely; powder, toothpaste, nail removal, lip gloss, soap, liquid soap, body cream, hair relaxer, disinfectant, shampoo, and face cleanser, were selected and purchased from some supermarket stores in Ile-Ife, and analyzed for identification and quantification of heavy metals species. Approximately 250 mL phosphate buffer solutions (pH 2-8) were prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of sodium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, and phosphoric acid solution. Ten to thirty (10-30) mL of this buffer solution was added to 30 mL of a standard solution containing 20 ppm of each metal species of Cr, Pb, and As were stirred thoroughly until a required pH was attained using a calibrated pH meter. A glass column (12 cm in height, 1.2 cm in diameter) packed with 500 mg of Amberlite XAD16N resin was washed successively with methanol, water, 1 M HNO3 in acetone, water, 1 M NaOH, and water sequentially to remove both organic and inorganic impurities and activate the resin. The column was preconditioned by passing phosphate buffer solution through it. A mixture of phosphate buffer and a solution of each metal species were passed through the column at a flow rate of 6 mL min-1. After this, the column was rinsed twice with 10 mL of water. The presented method was applied to the digested samples (powder , toothpaste, nail removal, lip gloss, soap, liquid soap, body cream, hair relaxer, disinfectant, shampoo, and face cleanser); the adsorbed metal species on the column was eluted with 10 mL of 1 M HCl in acetone. The eluate was analyzed for the determination of metal species concentrations of Cr, Pb and As using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).
Total metal concentration of arsenic was observed to have the highest value among others in powder sample, Mp3 with 18.10 ± 0.30 ppm, followed by lead in powder (passion) with 4.80 ± 0.80 ppm, followed by chromium in soap (kasmo) with 4.70 ± 3.30 ppm. Speciation analysis indicated that lower oxidation species of these heavy metals with the exception of arsenic had lowest concentrations. With respect to speciation analysis, the highest concentrations of Pb(II) and Cr(III) were found in powder (Mp3) with 4.80 ± 0.80 ppm and soap (kasmo) with 4.63 ± 3.29 ppm, respectively, while the highest concentration of As(V) was observed in powder (Mp3) with 18.10 ± 0.30 ppm. The highest concentrations of Pb(IV) and Cr(VI) species were detected in tooth paste (Oral B) with 0.32 ± 0.01 ppm, and hair relaxer (Relax) with 0.15 ± 0.01 ppm, respectively, while the highest concentration of As(III) species was recorded in powder (Ballila) with 0.48 ± 0.01 ppm. Concentration of arsenic detected in most of the products were higher than the 3 ppm specified as the maximum permissible level in cosmetics, while lead levels were lower than the 10 ppm maximum acceptable levels in cosmetics.
Description
xiv, 136p
Keywords
Spectroscopy, Atomic, Heavy metals, Metals, Personal care products, Costmestic
Citation
Asafa, N.O. (2016). Heavy metals speciation study of some selected personal care products in Nigeria by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Obafemi Awolowo University