A study of effects of seed extracts of some plants on development of larvae, adult oviposition and hatching of eggs of Aedes Aegypti L.
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Date
2016
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Obafemi Awolowo University
Abstract
The study determined larval development of Aedes aegypti in the boiled and dissolved extracts of Moringa oleifera, Citrus aurantifolia and Carica papaya and the effects of these plant extracts on ovipostion of A. aegypti. It also assessed eggs hatchability of A. aegypti in the extracts and compared the effectiveness of boiled and dissolved extracts of the three plant materials with a view to providing information on the effectiveness of plant extracts in biological control of mosquitoes.
Eggs of A. aegypti were obtained from Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Larvae were fed with edible yeast until adult emergence and adults were fed with glucose and blood meal. The eggs laid by the females were collected, reared and used for main experiment. The fruits of M. oleifera, C. aurantifolia and C. papaya were purchased from a local market in Ile-Ife and the fruits were identified and authenticated at IFE Herbarium. Each of the three seeds was ground into powder with a blender. The powdered seeds were measured out in 4, 8 and 12 g and were dissolved in 2 L of distilled cold water for 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. The same weights of powdered seeds were also put in 2 L of distilled cold water and boiled for 5, 10 and 15 minutes respectively. Each of the mixture was filtered using muslin cloth to obtain clear solutions that were stored in labelled bottles used for subsequent experiments. Data obtained were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Students’ T-test.
Dissolved extracts of M. oleifera, C. aurantifolia and C. papaya at 24, 48 and 72 hours and in 4, 8 and 12 gL-1 concentrations of extracts affected the survival of A. aegypti at various developmental stages. M. oleifera was the most effective causing significant reduction in adult emergence at 4 and 8 gL-1 concentrations with no emergence of adults at 12 gL-1 in extracts dissolved for 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively compared with C. aurantifolia at the same concentrations with adult emergence of 13.00 ± 3.28, 5.00 ± 2.00 and 0.00 ± 0.00 followed by C. papaya with 13.33 ± 1.52, 11.67 ± 4.16 and 3.33 ± 3.05 respectively. The effects of boiled extracts of M. oleifera, C. aurantifolia and C. papaya were concentration dependent and also increased with increase in period of boiling from 5 - 15 minutes. Number of eggs laid decreased with increase in periods of boiling and duration of dissolved extracts and was also concentration dependent in the three plant seed extracts from 4 - 12 gL-1 respectively. The eggs deposited in the dissolved extracts were higher than those deposited in the boiled extracts. M. oleifera had the lowest number of eggs in 12 gL-1 at 48 hours dissolved extract with 9.00 ± 1.68 eggs and 6.33 ± 3.33 eggs in 12gL-1 of 15 minutes boiled extract compared with C. aurantifolia (55.75 ± 4.00 and 19.67 ± 2.61 eggs) and C. Papaya (78.33 ± 4.67 and 44.67 ± 1.33 eggs). There was hatching in the boiled and dissolved extracts of M. oleifera, C. aurantifolia and C. papaya at 4 -12 gL-1 at various concentrations.
The study concluded that boiled extracts of M. oleifera, C. papaya and C. aurantifolia at different concentrations were more effective than the dissolved extracts in inhibiting the development of larvae and pupae of A. aegypti. There was also reduction in oviposition of gravid females of A. aegypti in the boiled and dissolved plant extracts. M. oleifera was found be the most effective among the three plant materials in controlling the mosquito.
Description
xv, 108p
Keywords
Larvae, Adult oviposition, Hatching, Eggs of Aedes Aegypti L, Moringa oleifera, Citrus aurantifolia, Carica papaya, Aedes aegypti, Ovipostion
Citation
Adepoju, O.A. (2016). A study of effects of seed extracts of some plants on development of larvae, adult oviposition and hatching of eggs of Aedes aegypti L. Obafemi Awolowo University