Theses and Dissertations

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Theses and Dissertations (Geography)

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    Open Access
    The Urban Sprawl Measurement In Egbeda Local Government Area, Ibadan
    (2015-08-21) Adegboyega, Suleiman Abdul-Azeez
    This study identified and examined the urbanized part of Egbeda Local Government Area of Oyo state and calculated the rate of expansion of the urban section, the spatial pattern of sprawl and dispersion of its land development (built-ups) with a view to determining rate of urban sprawl. The study was based on data generated from the 1964 and 1973 air photos as well as three satellite imageries, namely, SPOT-XS 1986, SPOT-P 1993 and Landsat–ETM 2000 of Ibadan. Both the air photos and the satellite imageries were processed using visual image interpretation and digital image processing techniques particularly to delineate Egbeda L.G.A. Maps of Egbeda settlement (1989) and Ibadan and environs (1995) were then used to create point map and to georeference the images. Supervised classification, overlay operations and analysis of data generated for this study were carried out using ILWIS GIS version 3.2 software package. The entropy method with integration of GIS (which involved buffering operation) was used to measure the degree of spatial dispersion of build-up areas in Egbeda Local Government Area over the study period. The buffering operation was performed using Arc View GIS version 3.2 software. The imagery analysis was supported by ground truthing. The findings showed that Egbeda Local Government Area which covered an area of 233 km2, was completely under rural land uses/covers in 1964. Urban expansion overtook the area and engulfed 0.53km2, 40.7km2, 59.04km2 and 76.5km2 in 1973, 1986, 1993 and 2000 respectively. Based on the average rate of expansion between 1993 and 2000, it was projected that urban expansion would engulf 191.7km2 of the total area of Egbeda Local Government Area by 2020. The study also revealed that the entropy value which was 0.093 in 1986, increased to 0.180 (93.5%) in 1993 and dropped to 0.178 (91.4%) in 2000. These entropy values indicated that land development (built-ups) was dispersed away from Ibadan – Iwo road and Ibadan – Ife expressway, and that land development (built-ups) was more dispersed between 1986 and 1993 than between 1993 and 2000. The study generated urban sprawl indices like population growth rate, rate of expansion, percentage agricultural land loss, per capital consumption, percentage built-ups, percentage change in population and density of land development within the period of 1964 to 2000 to develop a GIS database for monitoring urban expansion in the study area. The study concluded that rapid urban expansion had converted 32 villages and valuable agricultural lands for urban land uses. It went further to show the generation of urban sprawl by Ibadan – Iwo road and Ibadan – Ife expressway. However, of importance is the fact that the study showed that urban development occurred in total neglect of urban and town planning laws in the study area. Thus, low-density sprawl development was found to predominate in the study area.
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    Open Access
    Geospatial Assessment of Petrol Filling Stations' Locational Pattern in Ejigbo LGA, Osun State
    (2015-08-13) Fadahunsi, Joseph Tunde
    This study assessed the compliance with rules and regulations set by Osun State Government and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) of the existing location pattern of petrol filling stations in Ejigbo Local Government Area (LGA) using GIS technique. The specific objectives are to assess compliance of the existing locational pattern of petrol filling stations in the study area in relation to the surrounding physical structures using GIS, to compare rural and urban locational patterns of filling stations in the LGA and to assess people's perception on the locational pattern of the petrol stations in the study area. This is with a view to assess the existing locational pattern of petrol filling stations in the study area. The study involved the use of both primary and secondary data. For the collection of primary data, two sets of questionnaires were designed, namely, questionnaire for the managers of the petrol filling stations and questionnaire for the general public. The total number of the questionnaires administered to the general public was 520. Also attribute data such as area of the landed property of the petrol filling stations, set-back to the roads and rivers, among others were obtained by direct field observations. The main sources of secondary data for this research include map of Local Government Areas of Osun state at a scale of 1:250,000 and base map of Ejigbo LGA at scale 1:15,000. A hand held Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver was used to update the maps. The base map of the study area was scanned, georeferenced, and all features were digitized layer by layer using ILIWIS 3.2a software. Map layers were exported from ILIWIS 3.2a to Arc view GIS 3.2a software for the creation, integration, manipulation and visualization of cartographic database. Queries, buffering and overlaying operations were carried out to evaluate the compliance of the existing locational pattern of petrol filling stations in the study area. To assess people's perception on the locational pattern of the petrol stations, simple descriptive statistics was employed. The findings showed that 97.30% of the petrol filling stations obeyed river set-back standard, 18.92% obeyed road set-back, 21.62% were not closed to one another, and 27.03% were not within built-up areas, the areas of the plot of 21.62% of the petrol stations were up to standard, the height of the fence of 18.92% of the petrol stations were up to standard, and 89.19% obeyed the minimum standard distance from the public buildings. None of the petrol stations complied with all the identified standards. Out of 37 petrol filling stations, 23 were located in Ejigbo, the urban centre, while the remaining 14 stations are scattered about in the rural areas. In conclusion, the study found that the identified 37 filling stations in Ejigbo LGA were concentrated along major roads. The reasons for this locational pattern were due to corruption, ineffectiveness of local planning authority and political influence, among others. This pattern is however associated with problems of fire risk, occasional traffic disturbances, stations located too far from people in some towns/villages of the LGA.
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    Open Access
    Geographic Information System (GIS) Based Predictive Study of Environmental Change in the Nigeria's Section of the Chad Basin
    (2015-06-26) Dami, Anthony
    The study characterized the spatial patterns of changes in land and water uses in the Chad basin between1963 and 2003; assessed the spatial patterns of land and water uses during the period; modeled future trends in environmental change in the area, and evaluated the strategies with which local communities were responding to the increasingly unfavourable environment of the Basin. These were with a view to providing an understanding of the dynamics of land and water uses in the basin. Primary and secondary data types were used. The primary data on the socio-economic activities and drought coping strategies of people living in the Baga and Southern Chad project sections of the study area were obtained using a questionnaire. The populations of the communities in the area were between 2000 and 2500 and a sample size of approximately 2.5% (500) was taken. Five communities were randomly selected from the 21 in Baga and another 5 from the 24 in Southern Chad area. In each community, 50 copies of the questionnaire were administered on 50 household heads. To select the households, all households in each community were listed orderly. Fifty of these were then systematically selected, the kth value being generally about 40. Also, hydro-climatic records on rainfall, temperature and water levels from synoptic stations in the Basin between 1960 and 2002 were obtained. The data sets were summarized and trends analyzed using the second degree polynomial regression. Remote sensing images of the area were also obtained and analyzed with Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS). The Markov chains modeled was used to develop a transition rule for future land uses. The resulting statistics were modelled with linear regression to simulate future trends. The results showed that the "water surface" category of landuse which was the driving factor, reduced from 1,135,208 hectares (61.2%) in 1963 to 207,880 hectares (11%) in 1975, 143,833.6 hectares (7.6%) in 1987, and then began to increase reaching 149,752 hectares (7.9%) in 1999 and 184,436 hectares (9.8%) in 2003. In the same vein, "regularly flooded sites" reduced from 383,040 hectares (20.3%) in 1975 to 170,640 hectares (9.0%) in 1987 and 51,468 hectares (2.7%) by 2003. Furthermore the environment had been unsupportive of the rural economy of the inhabitants in droughts. The people had weak adaptive capability for drought as 24.7% depended on the previous harvests, about the same proportion "did nothing" to cope while some 4.1% migrated to nearby countries. In addition, there had been changes in hydro-climatic parameters of the Basin. Annual rainfall rose from about 400 mm in the 1960s to more than 600 mm in 2002 in N'Djamena Aero, which supported the idea that the environment may already be getting wetter. Besides, the study showed that "dryland category" could increase to 2.23million hectares in five years times i.e. about twice its value for 2003. However, the probability of this occurring was 0.29, i.e. the dry land may actually reduce. Similarly, "water surfaces" category could increase to 32,259 hectares by 2008 with a probability of 0.41. Thus, yearly it is expected that there would be an increase of approximately 10,000 hectares in "water surfaces". In conclusion, the study showed that important changes had taken place in the Chad Basin which could make the Basin wetter in future.
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    Open Access
    A Spatial Decision Support System Approach to a Flexible Physical Development Planning of the Obafemi Awolowo University Estate
    (2015-06-24) Baloye, David Olutunji
    The study assessed the present state of physical development of the Obafemi Awolowo University estate and developed a spatial decision support framework for capturing physical development on the university estate. It also provided a model for physical expansion scenarios of the university on the basis of a range of parameters including access roads, residential accommodation, lecture theaters and services spaces. This was with a view to evolving a system that could assist the physical development plans of the university to respond flexibly and effectively to unanticipated land use demand. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. The primary data were obtained from physical and geo-positional attributes of the various landuse types on the Obafemi Awolowo University estate. Sample areas of the estate were selected for ground verification of changing land utilization on the campus. Six main land use categories were defined. These are Staff quarters, students' hostels, routes, shopping facilities, lecture theatres, and water bodies. From each of the categories two sample sites were selected for verification using purposive sampling technique. The secondary data were obtained from base map and master plan of the university estate. These were scanned and georeferenced in AutoCAD Map R2 to their true ground positions using pairs of coordinates that were obtained with Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The raster maps were vectorized into different themes. The attributes of the vectorized data were created using Microsoft Access as the host Database Management System. The data sets were stored in Arcview 3.2a where basic spatial analyses such as overlaying, buffering and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were performed. The Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) were built using Map Object LT 2 to connect stored data with Microsoft Visual Basic which were use to build the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the SDSS. Various parameters were manipulated to test the responses of the system to different land use demands. The result showed that the physical environment of the university estate had undergone changes over the years which were largely in tune with the master plan. The area occupied by hostel facilities in 2005 had increased by about 51% of its size in 1985. This was due to new uses particularly the expansion of the banking zone and the establishment of private hostels. Furthermore, the result showed that 45.5% of the main campus was used for physical development, with residential landuse taking the largest share of 22.4%. In terms of its terrain, 20.1% of the university estate lay in the south-western direction of the north Azimuth. The results demonstrated that the application of SDSS to physical planning can make the implementation of development plans responsive to other potential uses and to different prevailing and future planning conditions in the estate. The model developed for the physical expansion scenario showed that creating a new development nucleus away from the main campus would be worthwhile if municipal facilities could be provided. The study concluded that the SDSS could facilitate integrated procedures for determining optimal sites for incremental physical development in the university estate.
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    Development of Geospatial Database for Public Schools Data Management in Osogbo, Osun State
    (2015-06-19) Awoniyi, Anthony Ilufoye
    This study aimed at building a geospatial database containing information on infrastructural facilities, staff profiles and enrolment characteristics in public schools in Osogbo, Osun State. This was with a view to enhancing the monitoring and management of school systems using Geographical Information System (GIS) tools. The specific objectives were to carry out an inventory of infrastructural facilities, biodata of teachers and children enrolments in public schools in Osogbo, produce a map of Osogbo showing the locations of public schools and create a geospatial database containing basic information such as infrastructural facilities, teachers' biodata and children enrolments in public schools in the area. Both primary and secondary data types were used. The primary data on the locations of schools were collected with handheld Global Positioning System (GPS), while the attribute datasets i.e. on facilities, staffing profile and enrolment were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire administered to Head teachers. Secondary data used were school records obtained from the schools and a map of Osogbo got from the Town Planning Authority at Osogbo. The map was converted to a digital form with AutoCad software for spatial analyses. The data collected with the GPS and questionnaires were organized with the Microsoft Access software for GIS analyses. Spatial queries were developed to operationalize the geodatabase. Data overlays were also performed to assess spatial relationships among the themes including communication network, drainage, utility facilities and location of schools. The results obtained showed that the geospatial database developed was efficient in storing, retrieving and displaying a variety of data on infrastructure, biodata of teachers and enrolments for school management purposes. For instance, the GIS readily generated basic data on each school with respect to the aforementioned parameters. It also rapidly ranked and displayed schools in a spatial format based on their infrastructural characteristics. In the GIS analysis, Unity High School on Old Ikirun road ranked first while the Timehin Grammar School, Oke-Osun ranked 71". These were consistent with field observations on the qualities of the facilities in the schools. The queries also readily revealed other crucial details in map forms. When queried, it logically presents the state of school buildings and staffing profiles among others. For instance, when the GIS was queried for schools with buildings that had damaged roofs, it came out with supporting statistics that among buildings designated as educational blocks in this study, uncompleted blocks accounted for 32.7%, blocks with damaged or completely removed roofs 32% and blocks with broken or unfixed windows (67.9%). All of these were generated with their locations in map forms. The study thus showed in various dimensions the versatility of geospatial database for managing the school systems and confirms that such systems need to be integrated into the educational management in the State and indeed the rest of Nigeria for better results from the educational sector.