Associations between depression and gingivitis among adolescents resident in semi-urban South-West Nigeria

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dc.contributor.authorMorenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
dc.contributor.authorMaha El Tantawi
dc.contributor.authorNneka Maureen Chukwumah
dc.contributor.authorMichael Alade
dc.contributor.authorBoladale Mapayi
dc.contributor.authorOlakunle Oginni
dc.contributor.authorOlaniyi Arowolo
dc.contributor.authorNadia A. Sam-Agudu
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-26T13:45:52Z
dc.date.available2025-08-26T13:45:52Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description8p
dc.description.abstractAbstract Objective: None of the past studies that had showed a linked between oral and mental health among adolescents was conducted in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the association between gingivitis and depression among adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data through a household survey conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old were identified using multistage sampling. The study outcome measure was gingivitis, measured by the Löe and Silness gingival index. The explanatory variable was depression, measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire. Confounders considered were age, sex, socioeconomic status, frequency of daily tooth brushing, oral hygiene status (measured by the plaque index), consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals, use of dental Foss, and history of dental service utilization in the past 12 months. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine risk indicators for moderate/severe gingivitis. Addition‑ ally, modification of associations between dependent variables and the significant risk indicators of depression was assessed. Results: Mean plaque index for the 1,087 adolescent participants enrolled in the study was 0.80. We found a prevalence of 8.5% for moderate/severe gingivitis and 7.9% for depression. In adjusted regression, there were significant associations between the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis and consumption of refined carbohydrates in between meals (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.14, 3.28) and plaque index (OR 16.56, 95% CI 10.03, 27.33). Depression also significantly modified the association between plaque index and the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis (P<0.0001), with a stronger association observed with mild depression (OR 24.75, 95% CI 3.33, 184.00) compared with no depression (OR 15.47, 95% CI 9.31, 25.69), with no significant modification for the association with frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates (P=0.06).
dc.identifier.citationFolayan, M. O., Tantawi, M. E., Chukwumah, N. M., Alade, M., Mapayi, B., Oginni, O., ... & Sam-Agudu, N. A. (2021). Associations between depression and gingivitis among adolescents resident in semi-urban South-West Nigeria. BMC Oral Health, 21, 1-8.
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12903-021-01421-6
dc.identifier.issn1472-6831
dc.identifier.other10.1186/s12903-021-01421-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.oauife.edu.ng/handle/123456789/6710
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBMC Oral Health
dc.relation.ispartofBMC Oral Health
dc.titleAssociations between depression and gingivitis among adolescents resident in semi-urban South-West Nigeria
dc.typejournal-article
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume21
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