Development of Tea-Bag Product from Selected Costus Species in South West Nigeria for Anti-Hyperlycemic Activity.
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Date
2023
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Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study carried out morphological and molecular characterization of selected Costus species in Southwestern Nigeria. It optimized extraction parameters using various solvents for Costus species extracts, evaluated the anti-diabetic activity of the selected Costus Species extract, and determined the toxicological effect on the most active extract. The chemical constituents of the most active extract were identified. The study also determined the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the selected Costus extracts formulated into tea bags. These were with a view to developing an affordable management for diabetes with a regulated therapeutic dosage from Costus species. The leaves of the Costus species were collected and identified using morphological features while molecular characterization was carried out using DNA extraction, Gel Electrophoresis, PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatics. The leaves were dried, pulverized, and extracted with n-Hexane, methanol, and water and the resulting filtrates were concentrated to obtain the crude extracts. Acute toxicity tests of the plant extracts were assessed. The effects of the extract on haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated using standard procedures. Its antidiabetic activities were assayed in glucose and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats’ models at various doses with glibenclamide. Histopathological examination of the pancreas, liver and kidney of rats administered with the extract at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 21 days were also carried out. The phytochemical components of the extract were analysed with LC-MS. The results obtained from these studies were subjected to statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by the Student Newman Keul's test. The morphological initially identified the species as C. igneus, C. afer, and C .dubius while molecular characterization confirmed them as C. pictus, Costus pulverentus, and Costus dubius respectively. Optimal conditions for C. igneus xxii extraction were 25.655 g/mL leaf-to-solvent ratio, 40.26 h extraction time, using methanol, yielding 12.76 wt.%. C. afer extraction's optimal conditions were 30 g/mL leaf-to-solvent ratio, 12 h extraction time, using methanol, with a yield of 7.20 wt.%. For C. dubius, optimal conditions were 25.6551 g/mL leaf-to-solvent ratio, 40.26 h extraction time, and methanol, yielding 13 wt.%. The median lethal dose, LD50 of the extracts was above 5000 mg/kg in rats. The extract of C. dubius elicited the highest antihyperglycaemic effect among the three Costus spp in glucose–induced hyperglycaemic study while its methanol and aqueous extracts effectively reduced hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The aqueous extract of C. dubius at 250-1000 mg/kg significantly reduced PCV, WBC and haemoglobin levels of the rats and potentiated
platelet levels. It also caused a significant increase in cholesterol, AST and ALT; levels. In addition, it caused various levels of distortion to the cytoarchitecture of the pancreas, liver and kidney at 250-1000 mg/kg. LC-MS analysis of the extract of C. dubius showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and terpenoids The study concluded that the extract C. dubius had a potent antidiabetic effect with adverse heamatological, biochemical effects as well as toxic effect on the pancreas, liver and kidney. This called for caution in its use and formulation into a tea bag as an antidiabetic agent.
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xxii, 223p.
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Citation
Jiboku I.B (2023). Development of tea-bag product from selected costus species in south west Nigeria for anti-hyperlycemic activity. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.