An ecological study on the association between universal health service coverage index, health expenditures, and early childhood caries

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorMorenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
dc.contributor.authorMaha El Tantawi
dc.contributor.authorJorma I. Virtanen
dc.contributor.authorCarlos Alberto Feldens
dc.contributor.authorMaher Rashwan
dc.contributor.authorArthur M. Kemoli
dc.contributor.authorRita Villena
dc.contributor.authorOla B. Al-Batayneh
dc.contributor.authorRosa Amalia
dc.contributor.authorBalgis Gaffar
dc.contributor.authorSimin Z. Mohebbi
dc.contributor.authorArheiam Arheiam
dc.contributor.authorHamideh Daryanavard
dc.contributor.authorAna Vukovic
dc.contributor.authorRobert J. Schroth
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-29T08:31:03Z
dc.date.available2025-08-29T08:31:03Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description7p
dc.description.abstractBackground Universal health care (UHC) may assist families whose children are most prone to early childhood caries (ECC) in accessing dental treatment and prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between UHC, health expenditure and the global prevalence of ECC. Methods Health expenditure as percentage of gross domestic product, UHC service coverage index, and the percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC were compared among countries with various income levels using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Three linear regression models were developed, and each was adjusted for the country income level with the prevalence of ECC in 3–5-year-old children being the dependent variable. In model 1, UHC service coverage index was the independent variable whereas in model 2, the independent variable was the health expenditure as percentage of GDP. Model 3 included both independent variables together. Regression coefficients (B), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), P values, and partial eta squared (ƞ2) as measure of effect size were calculated. Results Linear regression including both independent factors revealed that health expenditure as percentage of GDP (P < 0.0001) was significantly associated with the percentage of ECC in 3–5-year-old children while UHC service coverage index was not significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC (P = 0.05). Every 1% increase in GDP allocated to health expenditure was associated with a 3.7% lower percentage of children with ECC (B = − 3.71, 95% CI: − 5.51, − 1.91). UHC service coverage index was not associated with the percentage of children with ECC (B = 0.61, 95% CI: − 0.01, 1.23). The impact of health expenditure on the prevalence of ECC was stronger than that of UHC coverage on the prevalence of ECC (ƞ2 = 0.18 vs. 0.05).
dc.identifier.citationFolayan, M. O., Tantawi, M. E., Virtanen, J. I., Feldens, C. A., Rashwan, M., Kemoli, A. M., ... & Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group. (2021). An ecological study on the association between universal health service coverage index, health expenditures, and early childhood caries. BMC oral health, 21, 1-7.
dc.identifier.issn10.1186/s12903-021-01500-
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.oauife.edu.ng/handle/123456789/6726
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBMC oral health
dc.titleAn ecological study on the association between universal health service coverage index, health expenditures, and early childhood caries
dc.typeArticle
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
An ecological study on the association between universal health service coverage index, health expenditures, and early childhood caries _ BMC Oral Health 2.html
Size:
415.74 KB
Format:
Hypertext Markup Language
Description:
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
Department of Child Dental Health- Journal Articles