Theses and Dissertations

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Fostering skill acquisition for self-employment and security among ex-national youth corps members in Osun state.
(Department of Adult Education And Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University., 0023) Akintujoye, Iyanuayo Glory
The study assessed the effect of skills acquisition and entrepreneurship in fostering self-employment and security and assessed how the skill acquisition and entrepreneurship development of National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) has been effective in the reduction of unemployment among youth. It also determined the effectiveness of skill acquisition in reduction of crime for national security. Finally, the study ascertained if skill acquisition can help in bringing about true peace and security. These were with a view to providing empirical information on the nexus between skill acquisition and employment opportunity among the Nigerian youth and how it can in consequence bring about security especially in Osun State. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Population for the study are all ex-National Youth Corps Members in Osun State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in obtaining a sample size of 200 respondent from the study population. At the first stage, two out three senatorial districts were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique. The second stage involved the used of simple random sampling technique for selecting two Local Government Areas (LGAs) from each of the senatorial districts. The third stage involved selecting 50 respondents from each of the selected LGAs using snowballing sampling technique making a total of 200 hundred respondents form the four LGAs. Two types of instruments were employed for data collection. The first was a purposely-developed questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on Fostering Skill Acquisition for Self-employment and Security among ex-National Youth Corps Members in Osun State.” The second one was an in-depth interview titled: “Effectiveness of Skill Acquisition and Entrepreneurship Development Scheme (SAED) for Employability and Peaceful Co-existence”. (ESAEDEPC) to assess respondents’ views on the issue of security and national unity as related to skill acquisition. The quantitative data was analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical statistics. For the descriptive analysis, frequency and percentage were used and for the inferential, regression analysis was used while the qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The results of the study showed that there was statistical significant effect (F=31.193; p<0.05) of skill acquisition and self-employment programme in fostering self-employment and security among youth. It also indicated that there was statistical significant effect (F=109.273; p<0.05) of skill acquisition and entrepreneurship and self-employment programme in reducing unemployment among youth. It showed that there was statistical significant effect (F=18.924; p,0.05) of skill acquisition and entrepreneurship and self-employment programme in reducing crime for national security. It ascertained that there was statistical significant effect (F=12.700; p<0.05) of skill acquisition and entrepreneurship development in bringing true peace and security in the country. The study concluded that skill acquisition and entrepreneurship development foster self-employment and security among Ex-corps Members in Osun State.
Open Access
Emotional stability, interpersonal motive and sensation seeking as determinants of mobile phone addiction among undergraduate students of university of Ibadan, Nigeria.
(Department of Educational Foundations And Counselling, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University., 0023) AFOLABI, Samuel Oluwaseun
The study investigated the extent of mobile phone addiction among undergraduate students of University of Ibadan; it determined the influence of each of emotional stability, interpersonal motive and sensation-seeking on mobile phone addictions by the undergraduate students. It further established the combined influence of emotional stability, interpersonal motive and sensation-seeking on mobile phone addiction among undergraduate students and established the measures taken by the undergraduate students to curb mobile phone addiction. This was with a view to determine the level of mobile phone addiction among the undergraduate students of University of Ibadan. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised 35,000 undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan as at 2019/20 Academic Session. The sample size for the study consists of 1,000 undergraduate students selected using multi-stage sampling technique. From 10 faculties in University of Ibadan, five faculties were selected using simple random sampling technique. Two departments were selected from each faculty using simple random sampling technique. From each department, 100 students were selected from Part One to Four using convenience sampling technique. Five adapted research Instruments were used for data collection. Students‘ Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire (SMPAQ) was used to elicit information on mobile phone addiction, Emotional Stability Scale (ESS), Interpersonal Motive Scale (IMS), Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) and a researcher designed instrument- Perceived Measures to Curb Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (PMCMPAS) were used to elicit information from the respondents. Data collected were analysed using Frequency and percentage scores, Relative Significance Index (RSI), Linear and Multiple Regression Statistical techniques. The hypotheses were tested at the level of 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that 35.9% of the University of Ibadan undergraduate students were normal mobile phone users, 39.0% of the students exhibited a low level of mobile phone addiction, and 19.0% exhibited a moderate level of mobile phone addiction while 6.1% of the students exhibited a high level of mobile phone addiction. The results showed that, there was a significant influence of emotional stability (R=.119, R2=.014, F=8.854, p < 0.05), interpersonal motive (R=.465, R2=.217, F= 171.755, p < 0.05), and sensation-seeking (R=.453, R2=.305, F=160.417, p < 0.05) on mobile phone addiction among undergraduate students. Lastly, the results showed a significant combined influence of emotional stability, interpersonal motive and sensation-seeking on mobile phone addiction among undergraduate students, (R=.542, R2=.294, F=8.945, p <0.05). Measures to curb mobile phone addiction are: Assigning a fixed amount of time each day for mobile phone use (RSI= 0.78), Turning off of some notifications (RSI= 0.74) and deletion of most distracting applications (RSI= 0.74). This study concluded that interpersonal motive was a better determinant of mobile phone addiction among undergraduate students of University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria.
Open Access
Analysis of batch arrivals with multiple service for unbalanced queueing systems
(Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science ,Obafemi Awolowo University ,Ile -Ife, 0222) Babalola, Ajiboye Reginald
This study designed a prototype of an unbalanced Combined Input Crosspoint Queued (CICQ) queueing system, obtained the possible states at the moment just before a departure for some specific gridpoints and provided the system solution in terms of those grid points and analysed the performanceof the proposed system. These were with a view to establishing relevant flow balance equations and analysing the traffic at various levels of interactions of contending units for congestion, complexity and grid points. Considered is a two-stream toll gate system modified from the CICQ switch system of homogeneous and heterogeneous packets. The Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) were superimposed at the input port to obtain the defined states at (u, v,w)k for epoch or moments just after a departure of type k which identified admissible states and their transition probability matrix was obtained using various combinatorial reasonings. The work thereafter, formulated governing equations from relevant flow balance equations, which were of the form ΠP = Π and solved them for stationary probability vectors. Subsequently, the work obtained the mean recurrence times for each state and mean first passage times from one state to the other. Highlighted in particular, were the situations of the extreme cases of heavy traffic (HT) with 27 possible states when the system was saturated with contending units and two cases of restricted light traffic. The restricted traffic was such that traffic (u, v,w) at the moment just before a departure, was guided by the conditions u ≤ 2n, v ≤ 2n, w ≤ n and v+w ≤ 2n where u, v,w and n were integers connoting number of different units in the queues. The light traffic case I (LTS I) connoted n = 1 with 17 admissible states and the light traffic case II (LTS II) connoted n = 2 with 86 admissible states for a 27 grid point system. For a combination of service times τ1, τ2, τ3, the resulting combination were evaluated for cohersion, stability and efficiency using measures of the minimum mean first passage times Tmin(ijk), Concentration Index (C) and the Euclidean Distance Measure (dI/II ). The result from the mean first passage time for all three systems provided a measure of the sensitivity for the stationary probability vectors as defined in their respective underlying states. The mean first passage times tijk was found to be a stochastic process of its own with respect to each of the models, matrices and values, in correspondence to the gridpoints as defined by the parameters of the light traffic case I (LTSI), light traffic case II (LTSII) and the heavy traffic situations (HTS). Thetendency to concentrate (or dominate) on any state is lower for the heavy traffic, though steady, but cannot be sustained when compared with the light traffic cases. This tendency for concentration was found to be closer for both light traffic cases but the LTS II case was uniformly less concentrated than that of the LTS I case. The order, therefore, of the concentration Index C for the three systems is HTS < LTS II < LTS I by considering all the grid points. The value of the concentration index C for the heavy traffic ranges from 0.047 to 0.05, that of the LTS II ranges from 0.07 to 0.35 while the one for LTS I ranges from 0.08 to 0.37. The minimum Euclidean distance (dI/II ) compared to the restrictive light traffic cases, in relation to matching similar states, is wide. The width is in the multiple of 104. The least active destination states service type III has the lowest value of 4.34, while the most active destination state for service type III has a value of 6.42. It was noted that the minimum Euclidean distance dI/II appeared progressive as the destination states increases. However, the order of spryness for the three types of service is service type I > service type II > service type III. The study concluded that the Combined Input Crosspoint Queued switch model is able to predict relative performances of traffic systems based on the objective matrix for different levels of complexity and congestion.
Open Access
The Development and Problems of Federal Finance in Nigeria
(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 1967) Adedeji, Adebayo
This study traces the evolution of federal finance in Nigeria, analyses the major political, economic and fiscal problems which were faced in the course of this development ( Chapter I to III), and examines the federal financial arrangements which eventually emerged and their impacts on the budgets of the federal and regional government (Chapter IV to V). The Nigerian experience is compared with the experiences of some other federations against the background of the general principles of finance (Chapter VI). The period covered by the study is from 1946 to 1966.
Open Access
The Nigeria University adult education and the Nigerian national development:The opinions of four selected groups
(Department of Adult education, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, 1977) OBANEWA, Olaitan
To identify the opinions of four selected groups - professors, readers, senior lecturers and chief education officers toward each of the 1957/76 session adult education program objectives in Nigerian universities' departments of adult and continuing education in terms of their relevance to the attainment of the third Nigerian national education development objectives.
Open Access
Writing skills in the Nigerian school certificate English Language program.
(Education, Curriculum and Instruction, Obafemi Awolowo University., 1980) ABODERIN, Adewuyi Oyeyemi.
The study reviewed the importance of English language in Nigeria. As the country’s official language, the language of formal education, of politics of commerce and inter ethnic and international communication. English has become a language required for full participation in Nigeria affairs. This is the reason for the investigator’s concern about students’ poor performance in English every year on the West African School Certificate Examination (WASCE).
Open Access
The Influence of Educational Television on Instruction in selected secondary schools within Kaduna State
(Department of Educational technology Obafemi Awolowo University, 1982-06) Amina Isu Ijagi
This study was undertaken to assess the influence of educational television on instruction in selected secondary schools in kaduna State. The focus of the study was to find out ; the attitudes of teachers and students towards the utilization of Etv; the relationship between Evt programme content and school subject content ; the quality of Etv programme content as perceived by the teachers; and the problem inhibiting the effective utilization of Etv.
Open Access
Chemical studies on the deterioration of palm oil
(Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University., 1983) OKIY, Dere Arubore
The work reported in this thesis is on the chemical changes which take place when palm oil is subjected to thermal deterioration and the effect on the nutritional value of leaf protein. The state of deteriorated palm oil on the nutritional value of leaf protein as determined by PER, BV, NPU and TD were examined; this was not worse than diets without the oil samples.
Open Access
Chemical changes occurring in canned warankasi '' A Nigeria white soft cheese''
(Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 1983-06) Ilori, Olugbemiga Mathew
A process for canning warankasi in 10.0 and 12.5% brined whey was developed, and the chemical change taking place in the canned wara were investigated with the storage time. The drained weights, ash contents and the titratable acidity increased while the pH, moisture, lactose, total protein nitrogen and fat contents of wara decreased with the storage time.
Open Access
Determination of The Optimum Weight/age and Composition of Broiler in Tropical Environment
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 1984) Williams, Adebayo R.
In a study to determine optimum slaughtering age of broilers in Nigeria, 605 Cobb broilers were raised on floor pens, The birds were weighed weekly and 2 birds/pen were slaughtered fortnightly from six to sixteen weeks. Body weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat thickness and fat weight were measured. Internal body fat was determined by ether extraction of homogenised whole carcass less bone. Twoway analysis of variance, simple and multiple regression and correlation analysis were carried out. Data on costs, revenue and net returns were obtained by questionaire survey of poultry farms around Ile--Ife. The data were summarised and analysed graphically. Body weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat weight as % live weight, abdominal fat thickness, total body fat, %total body fat, internal body fat and internal body fat as carcass weight were significantly affected by sex and age (P <0.01). Feed efficiency and feed conversion ratio were significantly affected by age (P <0.01).Highly significant correlations (P <0.01) were obtained among all body traits. Highly significant regression coefficients (P <0.01) were obtained by simple regression of internal body fat on carcass weight,body weight abdominal fat weight and fat thickness, Multiple regression analyses showed that, the regression was im--including fat thickness after abdominal fat weight and . fat weight after carcass weight, Total body fat prediction can be reliably based on carcass weight abdominal fat weight for broilers between 6 -16 weeks. Economics analysis revealed that profit is made when broilers till 16 weeks. When broilers are sold at a fixed price, the n point of slaughter is close to 12 weeks, but when broilers on weight basis, the optimum marketing age is just above and the physiological body data showed that fat deposition above after 12 week
Open Access
Establishment of Some Pharmacopoiel Standards for Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don and Voacanga Africana Stapf.
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 1984) Soleye, Adetayo Oluwatoyin
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. contains the antineoplastic alkaloids: vinblastine and vincristine while Voacanga africana Stapf. possesses cardiotonic activities due to it s content of alkaloids like voacangine and voaphylline. Before they can be included into the proposed African pharmacopoeia, certain pharmacognostical standards as well as macro- and micro- morphological features of the leaves of these plants are required. A literature review of the phytochemical investigations of these two plant drugs is presented. Reports on some pharmacopoeial standards, e.g. ash values, yield to solvent, total indole alkaloid content which are to be included in the African pharmacopoeia are presented with recommendations on the procedure for determining whether commercial crude drug samples of these plants comply with the limits recommended. Macro- and micro- morphological features are also given in the monographs presented on Catharanthus and Voacanga african
Open Access
Pollution pattern in the Mokuro dam in Ile-Ife
(Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, 1984) Petters, Hannah Itam
distribution system were carried out from December 1982 to November 1983 at monthly intervals, and the quality of water was assessed to establish the pollution pattern. Generally, the population density of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria varied between wet and dry seasons., While thorn was an increase in the mean monthly population of bacteria from 4.2 x 102/ml in November to 4.8 x 106/ml in February (i.e. dry season) there was a comparative decrease from 11.0 x 106/ml in June to 1.8 x 103/ml in October (i.e. rainy season), in the distribution system In the stream and in the dam, the seasonal trends of total aerobic bacterial distribution followed more or less the same pattern as in the distribution system. In the dam, the faecal coliform populations ranged from zero to 33 MPN/100 ml during the rainy season and from 2 to 221 MPN/100ml in the dry season. The same pattern was observed in the distribution system. Both faecal streptococci and Clostridium perfringens were also detected in the water samples with no definite pattern of population distribution between the seasons. The mean monthly faecal streptococci ranged from zero to 2.8 x 10 4/mt, while Clostridium perfringens ranged from zero to 538 MPN/100ml. Nitrate, phosphate, chloride and dissolved solid levels were generally low. These compounds ranged from zero to 1.16 mg/l; from zero to 0.038 mg/I, from 3.6 to 54 mg /l, and from 0.0001 to 0.058 g/100ml, respectively. The BOD varied with a range of 1.0 to 12.6mg /l in the dam. In the distribution system, the chlorine residual was generally below 1mg/l, decreasing with distance away from the chlorination point.
Open Access
The case of Semantic Ambiguity: English usage in Nigerian politics
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1984) Yusuf, Yisa Kehinde
This thesis is an attempt at examining the significance of semantic ambiguity to communication. The work is based on data collected from the political events which occurred and the speeches that were made during the Nigerian Second Republic (1979 - 1983). The semantic analysis of the data has been done largely in terms of Componential Analysis. The thesis reviews the theoretical and attitudinal controversies surrounding the concepts of semantics and semantic ambiguity. It also examines the implications of these controversies for a study on communication in an L2 medium in politics. The work also establishes that the complexity and dynamics of the relationship that exists between language and reality make the occurrence of semantic ambiguity a linguistic inevitability. It further characterizes second-language-induced cases of the semantic phenomenon, and reveals that though the occurrence of semantic ambiguity does not discriminate between L1 and L2 situations of the use of a language, the incidence of the semantic feature is higher in an L2 situation. The work suggests that the moral characterizations of semantic ambiguity should be deemphasized in linguistic studies, as such characterizations more properly belong to the discipline known as Ethics. It reveals that rather than being a linguistic aberration, semantic ambiguity is a linguistic normality which, moreover, constitutes a linguistic facility. Finally, the thesis highlights two potential areas for further research: (1) the semantic structure of contradiction in the 'interlanguage' of L2 users of English who have Nigerian languages as their L1s (2) the socio-cultural determination of logic in meaning
Open Access
Establishment of Some Pharmacopoiel Standards for Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don and Voacanga Africana Stapf.
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 1984) Soleye, Adetayo Oluwatoyin
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. contains the antineoplastic alkaloids: vinblastine and vincristine while Voacanga africana Stapf. possesses cardiotonic activities due to it s content of alkaloids like voacangine and voaphylline. Before they can be included into the proposed African pharmacopoeia, certain pharmacognostical standards as well as macro- and micro- morphological features of the leaves of these plants are required. A literature review of the phytochemical investigations of these two plant drugs is presented. Reports on some pharmacopoeial standards, e.g. ash values, yield to solvent, total indole alkaloid content which are to be included in the African pharmacopoeia are presented with recommendations on the procedure for determining whether commercial crude drug samples of these plants comply with the limits recommended. Macro- and micro- morphological features are also given in the monographs presented on Catharanthus roseus and Voacanga africana,.
Open Access
The role of foreign private investors in the industry development of Nigeria: A test case of "X" breweries limited
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1984) Yusuff, Oyindunla, F.
Most developing economies seek to industrialize as a way to reduce excessive reliance on the agricultural section which is vulnerable to adverse economic conditions. The industrialization pattern is to sponsor programmes promoting the indigenous manufacture of import substitutes. This pattern often involves both local and foreign investment of capital and technical know-how, which invariably is supplied by foreign partners. The beer industry in Nigeria deserves attention because of its recent phenonemenal expansion. There was only one brewery in 1949, producing barely half-a-million hectoliters of lager beer per annum. By 1982 there were twenty-three breweries capable of producing fourteen million hectoliters per annum. This study examines the involvement of some foreign private investors in a new brewery project, in partnership with an indigenous entrepreneur. Foreign participation in industrial ventures in Nigeria takes two principal forms, provision of technical know-how and management, and equity contribution. These forms are examined in relation to the test case. The study also examines the local sources of funds for 1. The identities of the indigenous entrepreneur and the foreign investors involved are not disclosed in accordance with an undertaking given to them industrial activities. Finally, a forecast of the future of the beer industry is made in terms of the investment opportunities in the form of technical knowhow or equity contribution, or both.
Open Access
Status of media in teaching physics in selected secondary schools in Kaduna state, Nigeria
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1984) Pearce, Nathaniel Olugbolahan
This study was designed to examine the availability, utilization of media for instruction and the problems connected with the use of media for teaching physics in Kaduna State of Nigeria. Questionnaire, structures interview end participant observer scheme directed to the physics teachers, and randomly selected secondary schools students in Kaduna State were used for the collection of the data. The study population comprised seventeen physics teachers and two hundred and eighty-one form five physics students. Based on the analysis of the data collected, some of findings were that; a) Teachers in the schools used mainly the recommended textbooks for their teaching. (b)There was low utilization of instructional media. (c) Physics teachers like other teachers in the state did not seize the unique opportunities of their proximity to the available resource centres to aid them in the selection and use of media for their teaching. It is therefore recommended that; (a) Educational media centres should be established in all the local.government education offices which will cater for all the schools in the locality. The centres should cooperate with the Federal Government media centres such as the National Educational Research Centre (N.E.R.C), National Teachers' Institute (N.T.I), Radio and Television Education Broadcasting Departments and the Centre for Educational Technology (C.E.T) of the Ahmadu Bello University for professional expertise. (b) Teachers in schools should be trained in the use of media. (c) Local production of science instructional materials should he considered as means of combating the present inavailability of media. (d) The government should reinforce their priority for science teaching in the schools through the timely provision of needed science equipment and materials.
Open Access
The native administration Police forces of Western Nigeria, 1905-1951
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1984) Rotimi, Emmanuel Olukemi
Much has been written or native administration in colonial Nigeria. But so far, no work exists on an situation that was very vital to sustaining the system the police. This work bridges the gap by examining the origin, development and. role of Native Administration Police in Western Nigeria from 1905 to 1551. The study begins with an examination of the colonial exigencies which made the establishment and. maintenance of police forces by native administrations in Western Nigeria necessary and permissible. The first two forces were those of Abeokuta and Ibadan which emerged between 1905 and 1907. The process; of establishing more of the forces in other parts of Western Nigeria is further examined in chapter two Before 1939, the forces were poorly organized; recruitment into them was based more on patronage than on. merit; recruits were not exposed to any formal training; and the Native Authorities which controlled .the forces had little or no idea of running the police. Chapter three examines reforms that were undertaken after 1939 in the recruitment, training and control of the forces. These reforms were, however, limited because they were not allembracing and were not comprehensive. The role of the policemen is examined in chapter four. Throughout the period under consideration, the Native administration Police Forces were organized to maintain law and order, a role that was meant to serve the interests of the colonial masters and their local collaborators called Native Authorities, often at the expense of members of the public who were usually humiliated, abused and brutalized, The study is concluded with a summary and a survey of the organisation of the forces in the years after 1951.
Open Access
Comparative Study of bread-baking Operations in the Cross-River and Ogun States.
(Obafemi Awolowo University Department of Agricultural Economics, 1984) Umoh, Patrick
The study examined bread production with emphasis on volume and efficiencies in two states - Ogun and Cross River. Fifty-three bakeries, two flour mills and the Unife Food Science Department were interviewed. Each bakery was classified on the basis of its total fixed investments valued at their original costs. Very few firms operated with highly mechanized implements approaching those firms found in advanced countries. Most firms started with simple implements such as a wooden trough, a locally made dough brake, and a mud oven. Their assets ranged from M1,290 to N519,000 worth. In bread distribution, the baker occupies the top-most position in the system, with the ultimate consumer at the bottom while the vendors act in between the two. Profit margins vary between N14 and N38 per bag of flour. There are so many retailers in the system that their profit is just fair to keep them in the trade; what actually accrues to them is in the form of commission usually fixed by the bakers themselves. Retailers bear most of the risks inherent in bread trade. Factors which limit commercial production of bread are inadequate number of wooden trough, a locally made dough brake to supply floury lack of large wheat farms and the bakers' poor technical knowledge in bread making. It was found that bread quality, flour plant capacity, and bread distribution systems were significantly correlated to sales of bread in the Cross River State. Positive factors common to both states were bread wrapping, and educational level of the manager. Based on this analysis, strong recommendations are made to effect the establishment of large wheat farms at ecologically suitable zones, more flour mills, credit institutions, vocational schools for bakers and better communication systems throughout the country to enhance bread quality and professional efficiencies.
Open Access
Relationship between Research Instrument Format and Mode of Response
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1984) Solanke, Olunfunlola O.
This study was set out to find the relationship, if any, between variables such as Sex, Age and Discipline of an individual and responses made on the different formats of a questionnaire. The Study made use of four questionnaires each with five formats. Undergraduates of the Faculties of Arts, Education and Social Sciences, University of Ife were sampled for the study. The hypotheses were tested using student t-test analysis and one-way analysis of variance. The hypotheses were tested on each questionnaire and formats therein. Some of the findings of the investigation are: i) there was no difference between responses made by Males and Females on the different formats of ATPQ, but there were differences on the ATGQ (Semantic distance), ATTQ (Graphic rating), ATEQ (Semantic distance); ii) there were no differences between responses made by individuals of different ages on the different formats of ATPQ and ATEQ but there were on ATGQ (Semantic distance) and ATTQ (Graphic rating); iii) there were differences on all the questionnaires, ATPQ (Thurstone, Likert, Graphic rating), ATGQ (Semantic distance), ATTQ (Semantic distance and Graphic rating), ATEQ (Likert);for testing discipline on Questionnaire format. The ATGQ (Semantic distance) and ATTQ (Graphic rating) showed differences on all the variables (Sex, Age and discipline) for testing the three hypotheses; the Thurstone format ranked least on the mean scores on all the-questionnaires. The Semantic distance ranked best, then the Likert, Dichotomous and Graphic rating. Some of the recommendations made from the study include a replication of the Study using other questionnaires and variables. Users of different scaling formats should be aware of the merits, demerits, uses and abuses of the formats they are employing
Open Access
Determination of the Optimum weight/age and Composition of Broiler in Tropical Environment
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 1984) Williams, Adebayo R.
In a study to determine optimum slaughtering age of broilers in Nigeria, 605 Cobb broilers were raised on floor pens, The birds were weighed weekly and 2 birds/pen were slaughtered fortnightly from six to sixteen weeks. Body weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat thickness and fat weight were measured. Internal body fat was determined by ether extraction of homogenised whole carcass less bone. Twoway analysis of variance, simple and multiple regression and correlation analysis were carried out. Data on costs, revenue and net returns were obtained by questionaire survey of poultry farms around Ile--Ife. The data were summarised and analysed graphically. Body weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat weight as % live weight, abdominal fat thickness, total body fat, %total body fat, internal body fat and internal body fat as carcass weight were significantly affected by sex and age (P <0.01). Feed efficiency and feed conversion ratio were significantly affected by age (P <0.01).Highly significant correlations (P <0.01) were obtained among all body traits. Highly significant regression coefficients (P <0.01) were obtained by simple regression of internal body fat on carcass weight,body weight abdominal fat weight and fat thickness, Multiple regression analyses showed that, the regression was im--including fat thickness after abdominal fat weight and . fat weight after carcass weight, Total body fat prediction can be reliably based on carcass weight abdominal fat weight for broilers between 6 -16 weeks. Economics analysis revealed that profit is made when broilers till 16 weeks. When broilers are sold at a fixed price, the n point of slaughter is close to 12 weeks, but when broilers on weight basis, the optimum marketing age is just above and the physiological body data showed that fat deposition above after 12 weeks.

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