Ph.D

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Ph.D (Theses and Dissertations)

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Open Access
Variability in the geothechnical properties of an amphibolite derived laterite soil
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Ogunsanwo, Olufemi
grained rocks have been widely reccorted. Such reports concerning soils derived from fine grained rocks are however sparse. This thesis examines the variability in the geotechnical properties of a laterite soil derived from a fine-grained gneissic amphibolite from the Ile-Ife-Ilesa area of South-western Nigeria. The laterite soil is clayey and highly plastic and belongs to the Itagunmodi soil association. The variability of undisturbed soil samples taken from an area of one square meter has been examined through their shear strength, consolidation and permeability characteristics. A considerable sample to sample variation of the' shear strength and consolidation characteristics was recorded. The coefficients of variation recorded for cohesion and angle of internal friction were greater than 50% and 155 respectively under total and effective stress conditions. The overconsolidation ratios for samples of the laterite soil were determined using the Cassagrande and the 'constrained modulus' methods. The coefficients of variation obtained for this parameter via the two methods were in excess of 40%. Although the overall chemistry of the samples remains uniform, mineralogical variations exist in terms of the clay mineral (kaolinite) and goethite contents. Microstructural analyses of the soil show that the soil possesses variable microstructures. The microstructures have been related to variation in the goethite content of the soil. The variability of the geotechnical properties have been attributed to the variable microstructures occuring within the soil as a result of the inconsistent cementation of the soil particles by the non-uniformly distributed goethite.The results emphasize the need for collection of a large volume of data when the geotechnical properties of laterite soils are required.
Open Access
Strategies for improvement of instructional supervision in Nigeria
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Makinde, Sunday Ade
The study was designed to identify through a questionnaire the perceptions of Nigerian educators concerning alternative change strategies for improvement of instructional supervision in Nigerian public education systems. The research sample consisted of 220 Nigerian educators enrolled in colleges and universities in the southeastern United States. The research instrument was based on change strategies (Ben Harris, et al.), clinical supervision, and Nigerian educational inspection concepts. Findings are: 1. Educators agreed that inspectors of education often assist their respective schools in education activities, such as curriculum development and identification of resources. 2. Educators disagreed that one of the strategies of the inspectors for the development of professional growth was regular meetings with the teachers and school site leaders. 3. Respondents agreed that the inspectors collaborate and communicate with the education officers regarding staff. 4. Organization of workshops, seminars, and in-service training to improve teacher effectiveness was lacking. 5. The inspectors did not confer with the representatives of the local communities on the pro-vision, expansion, and maintenance of the school. 6. Agreement was indicated that the inspectors serve as specialists in advising the school principals and the staff. 7. The inspection practice was regarded as an inadequate supervisory practice for Nigerian public education systems. 8. Educators preferred clinical supervision as an alternative supervisory practice that might be more productive in improving instructional effectiveness in Nigeria. 9. Adoptions of clinical supervision will re-quire retraining of the ministry of education inspectors, and the school site leaders. 10. Funding and introduction of clinical supervision into the Nigerian public schools should not create any financial problem for the Federal Government.
Open Access
Studies on cowpea varietal resistance to the cowpea flower and pod borer, Maruca Testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Echendu, Thank-God Nnamdi
Several varieties of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata s.sp. unguiculata (L,) Walp., were screened for resistance to the cowpea flower and pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) using free-choice field trials, cohort tests in large screened cages and no-choice tests in the screenhouse and the laboratory. The dam-age potential of M. testulalis on Ife Brown cowpea was also studied using controlled infestations in order to establish a base-line infestation level that could be used to differentiate resistance effectively in no-choice tests. The study on the damage potential showed that successful establishment of the first in star larvae could only be obtained and sustained throughout the crop growth at the flower bud stage. At this stage, infested plants showed significantly reduced numbers of flowers and pods as well as seed yield. Two first in star larvae per plant was the lowest infestation that produced such significant differences between infested plants and the control. Thus, it is suggested as an adequate level for differentiating susceptible and resistant varieties in no-choice tests employing Ife Brown as a standard. The free-choice field trials showed significant differences in the degree of susceptibility of the varieties screened. Using overall susceptibility indices that considered some parameters associated with pest attack and which could affect flowering, podding and seed yield, TVu 1896 A/G, Sese, EW/1 and H64-3 were found to be moderately resistant to flower damage; while 2Ak and TVu 1896 A/G were shown to be moderately resistant to pod and seed damage. The field resistance was confirmed by the cohort and no-choice tests. TVu 1896 A/G and H51-1 were found to be resistant to pod and seed damage while TVu 946 and 2Ak were moderately resistant. Non-preference for oviposition and larval feeding appeared responsible for the resistance observed. Antibiosis manifested in form of reduced weight and size, and lengthened pupal period was also observed
Open Access
The general characteristics and cultivation of some Nigerian mushrooms
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Alofe, Folaranmi Victoria
Sixteen mushroom species, namely, Agrocybe broawayi, Chlorophyllum molybdits, Coprinus africanus, Coprinus congregatus, Lentinus subnudules, Lepiota bionata, Plerotus tuber-regium , Psathyrella atroumbonata, Termi tomyces microcarpus, Termitomyces robustus, Termitomyces striatus, Termitomyces species, Tricholoma lobayensis Volvariella esculents, Volvariella speciosa, and an unidentified species were studied. Maltose- and glucose-glutamic acid liquid media suported good mycelial growth of the five species investigated. Some of the species contain various amounts of protein, fats, fiber, and carbohydrates. Mycelial growth of the five species investigated was temperature and pH dependent. Minimal and maximal growth temperatures were 10°C and 40°C respectively for each of the species. Optimal temperature requirements varied between 25°C and 40°C. The mushroom species grew best around pH values of 6.5 and 7.0 The greatest amount of protein (>50%) occurred in V. esculenta. Most of the mushrooms contained the major as well as the trace elements in measureable concentrations. Aluminium occurred in very high concentrations in all the species tested. Arsenic was virtually absent in all the mushroom species studied. Alkaloids and tannins were detected in most of the species tested. Saponins were not detectable in any of the species analysed. C. molybditis was as good as casein in promoting growth of white albino rats, but it made such rats extremely excited and aggressive. T. straatus was found to be highly toxic. All the rats that were fed on a diet containing the mushroom died within 4 days. P. tuber-regi um and P. atroumbonata were successfully cultivated in the field. C. congregates and T. lobayensis were cultivated in the laboratory using Blighia sapida and Terminalia ivorensis (Black Afra) wood chips together with their saw dust
Open Access
Studies on the productivity of Echinochloa Stagnina (Retz) P. Beauv. in the Kanji lake basin of Northern Nigeria
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Obot, Emmanuel Asuquo
Echinochloa stagnina growing in Lake Kainji is identified, described, and separated from Echinochloa pyramidalis and Echinochloa colonaa. The grass has been recognized by cattle farmers as an important source of dry-season fodder for their stock, while the power generation authorities view it as a problem to the Lake's hydrology and optimal power generation due to its contributions to water loss from the lake through evapotranspiration. Echinochloa stagnina which requires the annual 10 m draw-down of the lake for successful establishment and survival, shows a marked zonation and can potentially cover up to 46% of the lake's surface area. The contribution of the grass to evapotranspirational water loss from the lake accounts for the reduction of the effective lake volume by up to 17%, for example in 1979. A management strategy which demands the harvest and removal, for livestock fodder, of 5% of the total yearly standing crop (up to 120,965.4 tonnes) in order to maintain the grass as a renewable source of dry season fodder without significantly affecting power generation is presented. With such removal an estimated 3 x 106 kg of nitrogen and 4 x 105 kg phosphorus are removable from the lake ecosystem. Sources of nutrients to balance these removals are discussed. Decomposition of Echinochloa stagnina litter in Lake Kainji is rapid and does not fit the general exponential model Wt Woe`-t where Wt is the weight of litter left after time t , W0 is the original weight of litter, k is the decay coefficient and e is the base of the natural logarithm. A mathematical model, the Kainji Lake Echinochloa Model, to calculate the area colonizable by emergent vegetation any given year once the upper and lower water levels of the previous year is known, is presented and tested. A current vegetation map of the Lake is presented; the model has been used to reconstruct the vegetation cover history of the lake.
Open Access
Studies on protease from Aspergillus Aculeatus
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Elegbe, Isaac Anuolowapo
Aspergillus aculeatus associated with the black tongue disease was able to grow in liquid synthetic medium. Growth was maximum on the fifth day of incubation. Growth was optimum at pH 6.5 and 35 °c. The best carbon source for growth was glucose while among the nitrogen sources used, optimum growth occurred on tryptone. During growth of A. aculeatus in liquid synthetic medium, proteins were released and proteolytic activity was detected. Proteolytic activity was optimum when the sole carbon and nitrogen sources were galactose (or inositol) and peptone respectively. The proteins were separated into three peaks of absorption by gel permeation chromatography, and only one of the components exhibited proteolytic activity. The molecular weight of this protease from its elution volume on Sephadex G-100 was approximately 28,500 Daltons. Ion exchange chromatography resolved only one peak of absorption with a purification fold of approximately 309.5, a specific activity of 2.7 x 10' units/mg protein, and a Km of approximately 0.26 mg/ml for the hydrolysis of casein. The partially purified enzyme was able to hydrolyse casein, lactalbumin, egg albumin and human haemoglobin. Optimum activity of the enzyme occurred at pH 6. 5 and 40 °C. Activity of the enzyme was stimulated by low concentrations of Cu++, Ba++, Ca++, Mg++ and K+ but inhibited by Mn++, Zn +, Fe +, Hg++, iodoacetic acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. The enzyme was highly susceptible to heat, loosing all its activity within 2 minutes at 70 °C. Intraperitoneal inoculation of white rats (Fisher's breed) with the crude and the partially purified enzyme caused marked histological changes resulting in cellular degeneration and local necrosis of three major organs (liver, kidney and spleen). The partially purified enzyme was more effective than the crude enzyme, and the changes produced by both enzymes were more pronounced in the male than in the female rats
Open Access
The impact of cocoa cultivation on soil characterstics in sounthwestern Nigeria
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Ekanade, Olusegun,
This study investigates the impact of cocoa cultivation on soil properties in a part of the Nigerian Cocoa Belt with a view to providing a framework for land use planning and management. For comparative purposes, the conditions under forest and fallow were also investigated. The plant-soil model was adopted in order to investigate the functional and reciprocal effects between soil and vegetation properties over time using the inferential analytical approach. This was based on the side-by-side comparison of soil and vegetation properties in cocoa L and fallow plots of different ages, and in forest plots in geographically separate locations within a homogeneous zone in respect of the physical environment and landuse practices. Standard field and laboratory techniques were used to collect and analyse 15 soil and 11 vegetation parameters. The changes in, and interrelationships between soil and vegetation properties under cocoa over time viz--a-viz the situation under fallow and forest were analysed using ANOVA, 'student's ttest, Pearson' s correlation, cumulative deviations from the mean, canonical correlation and stepwise regression. The results obtained from these analyses show that: (i) the values of most soil properties are significantly lower under either cocoa or fallow than under forest while a few exhibit significant differences between cocoa and fallow; (ii} complex soil-vegetation relationships exist under cocoa as opposed to the simple situations under fallow and forest thereby indicating the disturbance of the soil-vegetation system under cocoa over time; (iii)as opposed to what obtains under forest and fallow, tree density and biomass indices under cocoa indicate deleterious effects on cocoa soils. However, foliage cover and accumulated litter indicate beneficial effects on cocoa soils over time; (iv) at about the fortieth year of cocoa cultivation the cocoa soil-vegetation system breaks down. Thus, to maintain the fertility of cocoa soils over time in the Nigerian Cocoa Belt there is the need to apply organic soil improvement techniques. For optimum land use efficiency it is recommended that moribund cocoa plots, unyielding to rehabilitating efforts, should be converted to food-crop plots t) enhance food production in Nigerian.
Open Access
Soil test and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirement of maize in south western _Nigeria
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Adebusuyi, Benson Adekunle
Soil testing as a fertilizer advisory service to farmers is not common in Nigeria. Method of sample treatment and time of sampling in relation to fertilizer treatment need to be properly established. In order to shorten the time required for analysis, a multi-element extractant has to be developed to cover more than one element at a shaking time. This study was undertaken to evaluate suitable and rapid methods for a soil testing programme. Simultaneous extraction of P and K at a shaking time of 5 minutes was carried out. Bray II was recommended for the simultaneous extraction of P and K. The field trial was conducted at five locations viz: Ikenne, Akure, Agbede, Ilorin and Ilora. Available nitrogen, NO3-N was the best index of N availability in soil for short period of four weeks but the poorest under continuous cropping. Soil N critical levels were established with deficient values of 20 ppm NO3-N, 0.05% total N and 0.7% carbon while the critical values were 30 ppm NO3-N, 0.11% total. N and 1.26% carbon. Field correlation and calibration studies was used to establish soil critical P and K. Maize responded to N fertilizer at Ilorin, a savanna zone up to 150 Kg N/ha but lower response to N was observed in forest zone. The critical soil P levels at about 90% relative yield in the field and glasshouse were 9.5 and 12 ppm P while the corresponding deficient levels at 50% relative yield were 6 and 7.5 ppm P respectively. The critical soil K by Bray I, Bray II and NH4 0AC in the field study was higher than greenhouse value with a range of 0.33 - 0.38 me K/100g. The critical N, P and K concentration in maize leaf. The tissue at four and eight weeks stage were compared. The relation-ship between the tissue content at four weeks and relative yield was better than at eight weeks while the critical values were 3.2%, 0.4% and 3.9% N, P and K at four weeks respectively and 2.80%, 0.29% and 2.50% N, P and K for eight weeks respectively
Open Access
Theatre management in higher educational institutions in Nigeria: A case study of the University of Ibadan, Ife and Lagos theatres
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Akomolafe, G. O
This study investigated theatre management practices, policies and styles in three higher educational institutions in Nigeria. The conceptual base for the study was the review of appropriate planning, organisational, staffing, programming, budgetary and management theories used in analysing the practice and management of university theatres in Nigeria. The study was conducted through extensive inter-views of theatre practitioners in the three universities and by intensive examination of their records of the objectives, production plans, theatre houses, staffing and financial policies to determine their inputs and outputs Findings from the study revealed that theatre is practised in Nigerian Universities in combinations of four discernible forms in time perspectives, namely, a theatre department (a) without a resident company but which mounts departmental productions, or (b) with a resident company as a laboratory to the department, or (c) with a resident company which is commercially oriented and independent of the university department of theatre, or with a resident company which is based in a Cultural Centre or an Institute of African Studies Each theatre revealed aspects of similarities and differences in objectives as well as organisational, staffing and financial support for the theatre. Such differences, it was found, accounted for varying measures of successes and failures. The study showed that some of the university theatres were not originally properly planned to make them results-oriented, hence, a system of long-range planning using the Planning- Programming-Budgeting-System was recommended. The practice of keeping theatre artistes on tenure till retirement age called for a review as it was not considered cost-effective. Based on these findings, it was recommended that University theatres should aspire to be selfsufficient and self-balancing, and that they should also devise more practical control measures to avoid financial mismanagements and wastages.
Open Access
The influence of geological factors on the engineering propertise of some western Nigerian residual lateritic soils as highway construction material
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Mesida, Ebenezer Ajibola
The fundamental influence of geology on some geotechnical properties of lateritie soils as highway -construction material within a restricted macroclimatic area of Akure and llesha in the deciduous rain forest belt of South Western Nigeria was investigated. Lateritic soils derived from four major petrological units, namely t'.aarse, P~yrphyrit.ie Granite, Coarse to medium Charnockite, Coarse to medium massive amphibolite, and medium Grained Talc Schist were concentrated upon the different ways in which Geochemistry, Clay Mineralogy, Degree of weathering and Laterization influenced the engineering properties of the sails were examined. The results have conclusively proved that geology is the main factor controlling the geotechnical properties of residual lateritic soils within the restricted climatic environment. A new parameter, termed the water absorption coefficient of lateritic soils was evolved. It is the angular relationship between the 48-hour soaked CBR value of a soil and average percent value of the soils' CBR at Optimum Moisture Content of Modified AASHO acompaction. The mean values of the coefficient in the four soils studied showed discernible relationship to the respective parent rocks. Recommendations for further research include an investigation of the relationship between the shear strength parameters of compacted genetic lateritic soils especially in the triaxial test: and the relationship between the water absorption coefficient and the geophysical resistivity values of similarly compacted genetic lateritic soils. Such subsequent research may eventually provide convenient quantitative engineering parameters which would relate the variations of moisture content, dry density, geophysical resistivity and the triaxial shear strength values in genetic lateritic soils in general.
Open Access
The language of Achebe's early novels (In the context of Nigerian English)
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Oyeleye, Albert Lekan
Abstract: In this work, we have sought to demonstrate the relationship between linguistics and literary criticism by using the two early novels Achebe, Things Fall Apart and No Loner at Ease. In doing this, we have tried to show that the study of literary texts written in English, particularly in an EL2 situation can be greatly improved by some knowledge about language. Thus we maintain in the work that an understanding of Nigerian variety of English is a sine qua non for reading and appreciating Nigerian literary texts (written in English), especially Ahebe's two novels under study. The whole work consists of a General Introduction and two major parts - I & II The General Introduction discusses the model of linguistics adopted for the study and the gives a short review of relevant literature. In Part I there is an historical account of the implantation of English in Igloo society, and in Nigeria generally. As a conclusion to Part I, we have attempted to delineate the patterns of English usage in Nigeria generally today. Part TI of the study examines Achebe's major stylistic techniques and devices in adapting English for the expression of his African aspirations; further it gives a selective discussion of some instances of the main uses end methods of character presentation in the two texts under study and lastly, discusses the major varieties of English identified in the texts. In the concluding section of the study we reiterate that stylistics is not meant to replace literary criticism but that it repares' he way for it to operate more effectively.
Open Access
Tax incentives and investment behaviour in Nigeria
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Atoyebi, Gabriel Olaniyi
In its frantic efforts to promote investment, Nigeria, like any other developing nation, has introduced a host of fiscal incentives before and after independence. These incentives include inter alia, import duty relief, import duty refund, approved User Scheme and tax holiday. Government has spent a considerable-amount of money the above listed schemes mover the years. Our desire to analyse the effect and or significance of fiscal incentives on investment in Nigeria underlies the objective of this study. Based on the critical analysis of the various fiscal incentives on investment and on the questionaire survey conducted, we conclude that: (i) the fiscal incentives have no significant impact on real investment in Nigeria, and (ii) a reduction in the prevailing tax rate on companies income will have significant effect on the level of investment in the country. The fiscal incentives may be necessary but not sufficient to have any significant influence on the real investment in the country. It is contended in the study that the granting of these fiscal incentives to investors is superfluous and therefore unnecessary since there is abundant evidence that investors would have established without the incentives. Furthermore, it is argued that the granting of these incentives has resulted in some revenue loss to the government. Therefore, to continue to grant these incentives indiscriminately is to perpetuate revenue loss to the government. If this revenue loss to government is to be averted, some of these fiscal incentives should be scrapped. The associated policy instrument includes an urgent review of the entire fiscal incentive scheme in the country. In addition, greater attention should be given to other non-pecuniary investment incentives such as the provision of more industrial estates, making industry dispersal policy more effective and ensuring a greater political stability where investment can thrive. Finally, a more acceptable company tax rate (preferably lower than the current rate) should be considered in a bid to further promote investment in the country.
Open Access
The design and implementation of an operating system for microcomputers
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Adebayo, Joseph Olaniyi
The design and implementation of an operating system for microcomputers based on Zilog Corporation's Z80A, 8-bit microprocessor is herein discussed. The operating system manages efficiently, the microcomputer system resources, such as the memory processor, input-output system devices and information by keeping track of the microcomputer resources, resolving conflicts, allocating and reclaiming system resources at the end of the allocated time. This simple-to-use, small memory based and powerful operating system incorporates an enhanced BASIC Language Interpreter: The features of this enhanced BASIC include good file management system, powerful input and output statements for the Visual Display Unit (VDU) layout, and high computational power. The operating system also allow data transfer through serial and parallel ports using both international and non-standard communication protocols. This allows access directly to either systems or application programs of other popular microcomputers of different manufacturers such as Commordore's PET, Apple Computer's APPLE II and Radio Shack's TRS-80.
Open Access
The Quester in disguise in Soyinka's works: A study of the recurring theme of regeneration and healing
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) David, Mary T
Wole Soyinka's works -- fiction, plays and poems --are bound together by a persistent theme that appears in almost all of them despite variations of plot, character and setting. This is the theme of regeneration and healing which finds expression through multifarious motifs and symbols, dominant of these being the Quest. Almost all the protagonists of Soyinka appear to be on a quest the aim or the result of which is a heightening of consciousness, a spiritual renewal at the individual of communal level. Renewal is also brought about by a Sacrifice or a Communion Meal -- two rituals that Soyinka has repeatedly made use of. All this gives to Soyinka's works a deeply religious dimension. One could attribute this to his Yoruba heritage as well as to the deep hold that Christianity has on his imagination despite his renouncing it as a religion. The figure of Christ is evoked in many of his works as the archetype of Sacrifice/Saviour/Healer and also conflated with the dying and risen gods of the Fertility Cults and Vegetation Ceremonies. In all this Soyinka manifests his strong mythopoeic sensibility that delights in tracing and blending analogous myths of renewal from different cultures. His firm grounding in Western Literature has certainly contributed to this. It is clear from a close study of his works that the medieval romance of the Waste Land exerted a powerful influence on his imagination. Scattered in them we find mention or evocation of the Holy Grail and more than a suggestion of a Waste Land in need of fertilizing values. Soyinka's study of the Mystery Religions to which African Cultures bear deep affinity must have revealed to him the meaning of the Grail and the Quest for it -- a meaning that acquired Christian incrustation in the romances. The Grail as Cornucopia, a horn of plenty, as an alchemical symbol of transformation, as the phoenix that rises from its own ashes, as the Cup of the Mystic Neal, as a renewing initiatory experience, would naturally become a rich and polyvalent symbol in Soyinka's writings. An exegesis of his works in the light of these facts shows the persistence of his themes and their consonance with the ideals that inspire his literary expression and act as the basis for his social commitment.
Open Access
Studies of abscisic acid, cytokinins and gibberellins in maturing fruits of the oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jaquin)
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1985) Umoru, Anefi Imhonikhe
Maturing fruits of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis JaCquin), were analysed for endogenous abscisic acid, cytokinin and gibberellin activities in relation to the growth rates of such fruits. Soybean callus bioassay was used to determine cytokinin activity both in n-butanol fractions, paper chromatographed and developed in n-butanol: acetic acid: water solvent system and in dried, 35% ethanol eluates from LH-20 Sephadex chromatographyl Lettuce hypocotyl and lettuce germination bioassays were used to determine the respective activities of ethyl acetateand n-butanol- soluble gibberellins and diethyl ether-soluble abscisic acid after subjecting both to thin layer chromatography on silica gel. Developing solvent system for gibberellins was isopropanol: water, while benzene: ethyl acetate: acetic acid was for abscisic acid. The results of the bioassays showed that the hormone activities occurred mainly at Rf values of 0.1-0.2, 0.4.0.5 and 0.7-0,9 for cytokinins; 0.1-0.2; 0.3-0,5 and 0,6-0,8 for gibberellins and 0.4- 0.5 for abscisic acid. Co-chromatography with authentic growth substances gave Rf values at 0.7- 0.8 and 0.8-0.9 for zeatin and zeatin riboside respectively; 0.7-0.8 for gibberellic acid and 0.4-0.5 for abscisic acid. The drupaceous oil palm fruits increase in growth with time and produced a sequence of gibberellins, abscisic acid and cytokinins, each with four peaks of activity, the fluctuating level of which could be linked to the accelerating, deceleration and asymptotic growth phases. Endogenous gibberellic acid and abscisic acid were tentatively identified in this study. High levels of free gibberellins occurred in the young fruits while the conjugated forms predominated in the mature ones. Four of the six isolated endogenous cytokinins were tentatively identified as zeatin, zeatin riboside, isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladonosine. Although the interconversion between ammonia- and water-soluble cytokinins presented an inconsistent pattern, yet the decrease in the free cytokinins was concomitant with an increase in the conjugated forms in the water-soluble fractions during fruit maturation.
Open Access
Sedimentary geology of part of the southern Benue trough
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1986) Agumanu, Azuwuike Ephraim
Ebonyi Formation (new name), the Eze A1- Formation, the Awgu Formation (all pre-Santonian) and the Enugu Formation (post-Santonian) totaling about 5,000m thick, were studied. The pre- Santonian deposits are arkosie wacke sandstones and shales with abundant illite, smectite/ illite and chlorite. Illite and chlorite increase with depth of burial with corresponding decrease in smectite and smectite/illite. A depth of burial of approximately 3,500m - 4,000m is suggested for the Abakaliki Shale. he post-Sautonian elastics are quartz arenite with higher ZTR,-maturity index while the shales have abundant kaolinite. The carbonates studied are chlorozoan oolitic grainstones, wackestonepackstone and mudstone-wackestone referrable to facies belts 6-8 of Wilson (1975). Pyroclastic extrusives contributed both to the smectite development and sandstone (diagenesis). Cross-beddings, paleochannels, interference ripple marks and evaporite aminite suggest lower Clow regime of denositi of the azimuth direction of the cross-beds provides evidence for west and southwest paleocurrent dime tien s that were variable during the Coniacian. There was a corresponding stable pa l euslope throughout the pre-Coniacian and the post-Santonian time. A paleohigh (the Cameroun Basement Complex and the Oban massif) persisted east of the southern Benue throughout the period of deposition and steadily supplied detritus to the sub-basin. The environments of deposition range from restricted shallow marine (Abakaliki Shale) at the base through transitional (Ebonyi Formation), shallow marine (Eze Aku and Awgu Formations) and fluvial to paralic (Enugu Formation) at the top.Warm, humid tropical climate and probably locally short-lived arid conditions characterised the sub-basin during the Cretaceous
Open Access
The Celestial Church of Christ; the history of an independent African Church
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1986) Agbaje, Albert Aduloju
The Independent Indigenous churches in Africa, of which the Celestial Church of Christ is one, are a twentieth century phenomenon. These indigenous churches have contrasting characteristics in the different African States where they operate. While some of these indigenous churches have come into existence for racial reasons and others as protest groups, the Celestial Church of Christ claims to be the "last ship of Salvation" - kind of "Noah's Ark". It claims divine origin and everything about the church is traced to Divine Revelation. Incidentally, the C.C.C. is the most misunderstood of all the Christian churches in Nigeria. Some see it as a cult while others describe it as a refined Yoruba traditional religion. I have under-taken to investigate the Celestial Church in order to bring out the truth about the faith and practices of that church especially now that the Dramatis Personae connected with the birth and development of that church are still on the stage. The intention is to lay bare the facts and allow individuals to give their own conclusions. In this research therefore, I have attempted to survey the social, political, economic and religious conditions of Porto Novo (Ajase Ipo) in order to show the background on which the Celestial Church of Christ was founded, as well as examine the origins, growth and expansion of the C.C.C. and then to investigate the theology, liturgical practices, organization, administration and constitution of the church. My conclusion is mainly an evaluation of the church as a Christian church vis a vis its contributions to religious change in Nigeria. My approach is mainly historical and theological.
Open Access
A comparative biochemical study of the interaction of some trypanocides with rat tissue cellular systems.
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 1986) Akanji, Musbau Adewumi
Abstract: The effects of three trypanocides (tryparsamide, novidium and berenil) on rat liver and kidney were studied with a view to understanding the site of primary injury to the cell resulting from their administration. Four enzymes which are exclusively located in specific regions of the cell were used to monitor the regions affected by the drugs. The results obtained showed that administration of each of the three drugs resulted in massive increase of alkaline phosphates activity and a very marked inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase activity in both tissues. There was no significant effect on the lysosomal enzymes both in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that tryparsamide, novidium and berenil ellicit their action on the cellular system of both liver and kidney in similar ways when administered to rats. Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase activity which is located in the soluble fraction of cytoplasm may lead to accumulation of pyruvate in the cell. The massive increase of alkaline phosphates activity in the tissues may also lead to indiscriminate hydrolysis of phosphate esters needed for vital activities in the cell.
Open Access
Semiotics of Oral literature: A kinetic perspective
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1986) Ajayi, Omofolabo Apinke
This thesis attempts a kinesic analysis of oral literature - an art form transmitted through both the verbal and non-verbal communication (nvc) channels. Kinesics is concerned with body motions (e.g. gestures and dance), as related to non verbal aspects of interpersonal communication. Underlying the kinesic perspective is semiotics, a study of the verbal as well as the nvc signs and their meanings. The semiotic analysis, therefore, investigates the dynamics of kinesic communication in oral literature and the corresponding signification system between its verbal and non-verbal channels. The oral literature of the Yoruba people is used as a case-study. The analysis highlights dance-kinesics as an essential art in Yoruba literary expression. Highly complementing the verbalised content, it also conveys and vivifies the salient concepts of Yoruba oral literature. In addition, the dance comes through as a crucial ostensive vehicle for other nvc signs in oral literature such as the sculpted and textile arts. Thus, dance-kinesics is projected as a fully integrated art form in Yoruba oral literature enhancing its meaning and aesthetic dimensions. Furthermore, through the semiosis of the non-verbal arts, especially the kinesics of Yoruba oral literature, the world-view and customs of the Yoruba, which previously had been subjected to much misinterpretation because of their heavy symbolism and little known codification system, now assume deeper significance and more profound meanings. This subsequent clarification amply demonstrates the dynamic relationship between the verbal and the non-verbal arts in oral literature and attests to the significance of the full codification system in the literature of oral societies.
Open Access
The history of Christianity in the southern part of Ondo State. 1875- 1981
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 1986) Akinwumi, Moses Olagoke
1875 and 1981. But before the advent of Christianity, the indigenes of the area were adherents of African Traditional Religion end still today, Traditional Religion is practiced, The White Missionaries brought Christianity to this area in the year 1875. The C.M.S missionaries were the first to visit the area and they were later followed by other Missionaries from the Catholic and the Methodist Churches. After some of the Missionaries had gained ground the area, the indigenous and. Pentecostal (Aladura) churches came into being. This work also focuses attention on the organisation both the Mission and the Indigenous churches, which have thus been able to contribute to the educational, anemic, social developments and health care services in e area. The Churches have contributed immensely to the developments of Western Education in the area and it is on foundation laid by the churches in the realm of western Education, that the State Government has been building by establishing higher institutions of learning h as the Ondo State University built in Ado-Ekiti. The church in the southern part of 0ndo State has been indigenised. The mission churches have gone into a lot of re-organisation and they have introduced into their services the use of local materials and native air. The indigenisation process has eaten deep into the minds of the people and this has led to the establishment of so many indigenous and Pentecostal (Aladura) churches in the southern part of the State. The indigenous churches can be classified into two groups, namely those that are Pentecostal and those that are non-Pentecostal in their made of worship. Some of the Pentecostal churches are the C.AC., the Jesus Generation Church, the C.C.C., the C.M.S etc. and those that are non- Pentecostal include the African Church, the Gospel Faith Mission Church etc. The indigenous end Pentecostal (Aladura) churches are founded so that the indigenes could express Christianity in a way more meaningful to the understanding of the people. The reasons why the indigenous and Pentecostal (Aladura) churches are fast expanding are not far fetched. These churches are always ready to find solutions to the problems facing the Society, most especially domestic problems such barrenness and other unseen evil-forces. The mission, the indigenous and the Pentecostal (Aladura) churches are fast responding to changes and it is gratifying to note that the mission churches have adjusted their conservative and legalistic approach to their religion in order to feature well in the age of indigenisation.