Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Theses and Dissertations
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- ItemEmbargoA comparative study of the meaning and value of university campus architecture in southwestern Nigeria(Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria., 2024) Akinsola, Musiliu Lawal.This study examined comparatively the meaning and value of campus architecture of two universities in Southwestern Nigeria. It examined the personal characteristics of users of the University of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University campuses, examined the physical and socio-physical characteristics of the two university campuses. Analysed the meaning and value of the two university campus architecture, and compared the architecture of the two university campuses. These with a view to providing information that could enhance university campus architecture. A mixed method of quantitative and qualitative evaluation with physical observation was used to collect primary data, while secondary data were sourced from relevant departments. The campus architecture of Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan, with two classes of respondents; university – staff and students, comprising of 42 and 63 staff, with 401 and 366 students from OAU and UI respectively, were selected using purposive sampling method. The measuring instruments comprised of campus users personal characteristics, physical and socio- physical characteristics of the campus architecture, which were used to assess meaning, while open responses of campus users, likes and dislikes, mental imagery, campus users memories and most important things assessed users’ value of campus architecture which aligned with meaning. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive analysis, means, percentile, chi-square, Cronbach’s Alpha factor analysis, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Crosstabulation, content analysis and Fisher Freeman p-values. Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan campus architecture evoked campus users’ meaning and value, namely, architecture vitality, campus ambience, quality, wellbeing, campus aesthetics and privacy, circulation and recognition, inclusivity and accessibility, crowding, and facility recognition and cosiness. OAU campus users ranked architecture vitality the strongest in meaning (0.851 Cronbach’s Alpha score; 5.44 mean value) while, UI users ranked campus ambience the strongest in meaning (0.888 Cronbach’s Alpha score; 5.0 mean value). The weakest ranked users meaning was campus facility distinction and cosiness (0.472 and 0.110, Cronbach's Alpha score) and mean value (4.32 and 4.20) for OAU and UI respectively. Also, campus users’ personal characteristics resonates in campus architecture meaning and value, OAU and UI users’ knowledge of the campus was significantly different in all the meaning except for campus crowding (OAU, p < 0.804; UI, p value < 0.245) and facility recognition in OAU (p value < 0.743). For OAU and UI users’ age and number of years on campus was significant in architecture vitality, campus ambience, wellbeing, aesthetics and privacy, circulation and recognition. Religion was significantly different in UI architecture vitality (p < 0.029) and OAU campus quality (p < 0.012), gender was significant in OAU’s circulation and recognition (p < 0.017), wellbeing (p< 0.031). The study concluded that Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan campus users’ meaning and value were distinct, distinguishable and different. Campus users’ meaning and value of Obafemi Awolowo University campus architecture was stronger than those of University of Ibadan campus users.
- ItemOpen AccessA study of Corporate Social Responsibility practices of selected organisations in the Delivery of Infrastructural Projects In Lagos State, Nigeria(The Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Environmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) ALAO, Oluwaseyi OlalekanThis study examined the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-based infrastructural projects of private organisations; investigated the factors influencing their involvement; assessed the funding arrangement being employed by them and also developed a framework for the administration of CSR-based infrastructural projects. These were with a view to enhancing the delivery of CSR funded infrastructural projects in Lagos State, Nigeria. Primary data were used for the study. These were obtained through the use of structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The structured questionnaire were administered on twenty-seven (27) representatives of the private organisations identified through Respondents-Driven Sampling (RDS) technique. These representatives had been involved in the administration of CSR in their respective organisations. In addition, nine (9) of these representatives were selected for interview from the respondents to the questionnaire using convenience/accidental sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using mean analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-Square (x2) Test of Independence and thematic analysis. The results showed that 30 types of deliverable infrastructural projects were delivered between 2010 to 2019. Construction of blocks of classroom; provision of pipe borne water; landscaping and beautification; renovations of old health facilities; construction of library facilities; Information and Communication Technology (ICT)centres and health facilities have been undertaken by 10 of the organisations between 2010 to 2019. The significant factor influencing organisations’ involvement in the delivery of CSR-based infrastructural projects were increased image and reputation of the firms with mean score (MS) of 4.54on a 5-point scale; public relations (MS = 4.39); commitment to environmental sustainability (MS = 4.39); ethical, moral and personal value of the management (MS = 4.29) and compliance with international standardistaion (MS = 4.15). The results also showed that the most adopted funding arrangements is sole funding (MS = 4.86). Partnership with international organisations (MS = 3.64) ranked second. The factors influencing the funding arrangements choice are organisations’ strategic objective(s); organisations’ reputation; relevance of the infrastructure to the organistaion image and broader social impact on focused issues with MS = 4.61, 4.51, 4.47 and 4.22, respectively on a 5-point scale. The derived framework indicated that felt needs are either identified by the donor organisations or through request from the recipient organistaions. Also, while the time between identification of the needs and request to execute as well as approval to execute and execution varies, the approval process usually takes between one to three months. The approval processes often involved the community, local government and the state government as appropriate. The study concluded that CSR activities of the private organsisations in Lagos State were those commensurate with their economic performance and capable to impact their performance when executed and that the CSR activities of the organisations could improve if collaboration is embrace above sole funding. It also concluded that the face-off that often characterized some CSR-based infrastructural projects delivery will be significantly minimized if the derived framework is adopted and implemented.
- ItemOpen AccessA study of defects in buildings along coastal areas of South-South, Nigeria(Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Design an Management ,Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile IFe, 2023) Antia Mfon EkanemThe study assessed the environmental conditions in South-South Nigeria; examined the causes of defects in buildings; examined the signs and patterns of defects in buildings exposed to the environmental conditions; determined the failure rate of building components; assessed the integrity of buildings; and determined the relationship between environmental conditions and failure rate of building components in the study area. These were with a view to enhancing the integrity and reliability of buildings along the coastal area. Data for the study were gathered from four distinct sources: The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), building users, physical inspection and measurements, and soil test. Both primary and secondary data were employed for the study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire, physical inspection and measurement as well as soil test. Sample for the study were selected from the five states that share boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. The study area was stratified into three sections (Zones A, B and C). Each of these sections covered a distance of 30 km, starting from the shoreline. In each zone, a town was purposively selected. Using the formula n = ᵶ2/4e2, 26 buildings were sampled in each zone. In other words a total of 390 buildings were sampled for the study. Secondary data spanning a ten-year period (2010 – 2019), that covered the specified environmental conditions were also collected for the study from NIMET and analysed using Relative Severity Index, ANOVA, Trend Analysis, and Weibull Analysis. Zone A, closest to the coast, faced the highest temperature (36.48°C), rainfall (41.76 mm), wind speed (10.33 m/s), and humidity (87.51%). Zone-specific challenges included exterior finish degradation (Zone A), structural cracks and metal corrosion(Zone B), and mould growth with wooden element decay (Zone C). Inland, concrete cracks and soil salinity decreased. Perceptions of environmental impacts varied across zones, with Zone A's top concerns being "Acid rain effect" (RSI: 0.740), "Effect of biological activities" (RSI: 0.704), and "Chemical Concentration in soil" (RSI: 0.636). Zone B's major concerns included "Chemical Concentration in soil" (RSI: 0.868), "Industrial Gas and Waste emission." In Zone C, "Effect of biological activities" led (RSI: 0.708), followed by "Acid rain effect" and "Chemical Concentration in soil”. Common defects in Zone A included "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.760), "Mould and mildew growth on wall surface" (RFI: 0.652), and "Corrosion of metal components" (RFI: 0.440). In Zone B, prevalent issues were "Thermal expansion or contraction leading to structural cracks" (RFI: 0.788), "Corrosion of metal components" (RFI: 0.784), and "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.684). Zone C exhibited "Mould and mildew growth on wall surfaces" (RFI: 0.876), followed by "Rot and decay of wooden elements" (RFI: 0.828) and "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.800). Component characteristic lives increased from 40.45 years (Zone A) to 58.17 years (Zone C), reflecting a similar trend in walls, roofs, and reinforced concrete. The integrity of building components, like compressive strength, rose from 21.3564 N/mm² (Zone A) to 24.5140 N/mm² (Zone C). The study underscores the significant influence of environmental factors on building deterioration in South-South Nigeria's coastal regions. It emphasizes the need for tailored design, construction, and maintenance practices to address the specific environmental challenges of the area.
- ItemOpen AccessA study of neighbourhood character in Delta State, Nigeria(Architecture department, faculty of environmental design and management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) NWAKI, William NkeonyeasuaThis study examined the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of residents in selected neighbourhood's in Delta State, Nigeria; examined the housing and neighbourhood characteristics; analysed the neighbourhood character; and investigated factors that influence neighbourhood character in the study area. These were with a view to providing information that could enhance neighborhood improvement.
- ItemOpen AccessAn Evaluation of the impact of communal conflicts on the physical development of settlements in southwestern Nigeria.(Department of Urban and Religional planning, Faculty of Environmental Design Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2020) Abegunde, Albeert AyorindeThe study identified and examined causes of communal conflicts (CC), appraised the spatial dimension and their effects on pattern of physical development in Southwestern Nigeria
- ItemOpen AccessAn evaluation of the maintence management of the staff housing estates of selected first generation Universities in Southwestern Nigeria.(Department of Building Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2005) OLADAPO, Adebayo AkanbiThe study investigated the maintenance management practice in three university staff housing in South-western Nigeria with a view to examining the relationship between the maintenance system and the quality of the housing stocks in the universities studied. The study concluded that the control of the determinants of maintenance needs and causes of decay significantly affected maintenance performance. Employee satisfaction, the maintenance departments' responsiveness to tenants' complaints and the maintenance backlog were critical in the performance evaluation of the maintenance departments.
- ItemOpen AccessAnalysis of Landuse Development in KANO Municipality, Nigeria(Department of Urban and regional planning, Faculty of Environmental Design, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023) ALWADOOD, Ali JasiniThe study examined; the different landuse nuclei in Kano Municipality; the socio economic characteristics of residents in the identified landuse nuclei; analysed the landuse patterns of the study area between 1950 and 2020; determined the factors influencing landuse development; and examined the physical planning implications of landuse development in the study area. These were with a view to providing information for explaining the current spatial morphology and guidelines for effective policy response towards its management. Fieldwork, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), participatory mapping and questionnaire administration were adopted in eliciting information. Information on the pattern of landuse development was obtained from Topographical map for the year 1950. Others are: aerial photograph (1968) and multi-date satellite images for the years 1975, 1990, 2001, 2010 and 2020. Fishnet technique at 500 meters intervals was used in the selection of sample locations. A total of 1,421 points were obtained with 894 located within residential areas, thereby constituting the sample size for questionnaire administration. The obtained information were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while the spatial aspect was analysed using Nearest Neighbour Analysis, Overlay operation and Buffering. The study identified 92 independent development nuclei in Kano Municipality with residential landuse representing 63.3%. Most of the development nuclei (89.1%) were characterized by multiple landuse types while 56.7% developed as post-colonial organic development. The study observed a wide disparity in the socio-economic characteristics of the residents in the identified development nuclei with: age, household sizes and length of stay, inversely proportional with increase in distance from the ancient walled city. Similarly, development nuclei were polarised along ethnic, income and educational disparities. The municipality witnessed a growth from 27.5 km² from the year 1950 to 355.3 km² in 2020, which was a growth of 1,192.8% in 70 years (annual growth of 17.3%). Factors such as land affordability, land availability, serenity of the area, and social ties (Family and Friends) were identified as the main factors influencing land use development, with each contributing, 12.0%, 10.6%, 9.9% and 9.2% respectively. The land use development of Kano municipality showed several significant implications for urban planning, such as the development of poor environmental quality in the older organic nuclei within the ancient walled city, the conversion of open spaces to built-up areas foe economic ventures, the loss of historical monuments, and the development of social segregation that collectively hindered interactions and tolerance among residents. The near absence of adequate water and electricity supplies, poor conditions of roads and other social facilities were also identified. In essence, the multifaceted challenges discovered by the landuse development in Kano municipality emphasize the urgency of a holistic and sustainable urban planning approach. It is essential to strike a balance between economic growth and preserving the city's heritage, enhancing environmental quality, promoting social integration, and investing in critical infrastructure. Only through a comprehensive and forward-thinking urban planning strategy can Kano municipality fulfil its potential as a thriving, inclusive, and vibrant urban center for its residents
- ItemEmbargoClient sophistic in mortage valuation practice in Lagos, Nigeria.(Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Enivronmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2024) OGUNBIYI James OlayinkaThe study examined the profiles of clients and the retained Estate Surveying and Valuation (ESV) firms in Lagos, Nigeria; evaluated the characteristics of mortgage valuations undertaken by the firms; appraised the components and level of client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice; analysed the factors influencing client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice; and examined the perceived influence of client sophistication on mortgage valuation practice in the study area. These were with a view to providing information for enhancing valuation practice. The study adopted primary and secondary data using a mixed-method data collection approach. The study population comprised Deposit Money Banks (DMBs), Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) and Estate Surveying and Valuation (ESV) firms in Lagos, Nigeria. According to the August 26th, 2022 edition of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s List of DMBs, 26 DMBs engage in real estate lending activities. They collectively had 650 ESV firms in their Retainership Lists. Using Frankfort-Nachmias's 1996 sample size formular, a sample size of 243 ESV firms was determined for the study. Thus, nine ESV firms were randomly selected for each of the 26 DMBs and AMCON. Total enumeration survey of the 26 DMBs and head of valuation unit of AMCON was also applied. While primary data was collected with the aid of key informant interviews of the heads of the valuation units of the DMBs and AMCON, questionnaire was administered on heads of the valuation units of the ESV firms. Secondary data such as guidelines and standards for mortgage valuation practice was sourced from relevant publications. Data analysis was undertaken using thematic analysis, importance assessment approach, exploratory factor analysis, Spearman’s correlation analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis ‘H’ test.The result, using the importance assessment approach showed that the characteristics of the mortgage valuation practice were: adherence to standard valuation process (RII=0.882), adherence to IVSC and Nigerian Valuation Standards when carrying out valuations (RII=0.855), adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in valuation practice (RII=0.822), adoption of proper assumptions when carrying out valuations (RII=0.818), and making sound judgements when carrying out valuations (RII=0.818). The result, using the exploratory factor analysis and thematic analysis showed that the components and level of client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice comprised the clients’ knowledge of applicable standards (19.85%), experiential knowledge of valuation characteristics (18.68%); biographical details (13.48%); and the nature of their influence on valuations (11.75%). The factors influencing client sophistication in mortgage valuation practice with their corresponding variance proportion were: issues with valuers and valuation techniques (19.45%); influence of globalization (18.54%); client's knowledge of relevancies (12.76%); regulatory considerations and value for money (10.80%), and valuation uncertainties (8.34%). Moreover, the perceived influence of client sophistication on mortgage valuation practice with their corresponding variance proportion were: encouraged transparency, disclosure and partnership (17.15%); improved accuracy and reliability of valuations (17.04%); improved client satisfaction (16.51%); improved valuation reporting and fee payment (14.91%), and enhanced regulatory enforcements (10.92%). The study concluded that the components of client sophistication, including experiential knowledge of valuation characteristics, compelled ethical behaviour and conduct of practitioners for enhanced valuation practice.
- ItemOpen AccessPhysical Planning Implication of Urban Agricultural Practice in Lagos Metropolis.(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Enviromental Design and Management. Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) OLALEYE, Daniel Oluwasola.This examined the spatial distribution of urban agriculture practice in Lagos Metropolis; identified and examined the land tenure system in urban agriculture practice; examined the socio-economic profiles of urban agriculture stakeholders; identified and examined the factors influencing urban agriculture practice; identified and examined the impact of urban agricultural practice on residents; and determined the relationship between urban agriculture and physical planning. This was with a view to provide planning policy that will stimulate the growth of urban agriculture. The primary data were obtained through administration of questionnaire on three (3) sets of respondents. These are: farmers, residents and staff of agencies responsible for the control and development of agriculture and its land use in Lagos metropolis. Reconnaissance survey revealed that there are 9186 registered farmers who are into urban agricultural practice in all the relevant local government areas in Lagos metropolis. This figure was made up of farmers involved in the production of five (5) different types of urban agricultural products. These are: flower (160), vegetable (1367), poultry (1640), fishery (2170), and livestock (3849). These 9186 farmers form the population for this study. A total of 243 (10%) farmers were randomly sampled from the sample frame using the already established and identified clusters for each type of agriculture activities in each of the LG area, however only 227 of the questionnaire were used for the analysis in this study. Residents around the clustered farm sites were stratified into three different strata using the distance of buildings from the farm sites. These are: 0-300 metres, 301-600 metres and 601-900 metres. Physical counting revealed that there are 240 streets with 6228 buildings. The study randomly selected 20% of the streets from each stratum. From the selected streets, 20% of buildings were selected, thus a total of 333 were selected. From a selected building, a household head with the longest stay was sampled. Where a household head is not available, the oldest available resident will be chosen in lieu. This study revealed that in Ojo, between 2013 and 2022, the size of vegetable farms decreased from 173.02ha to 156.65ha. Similarly, the number of horticultural gardens in Eti-Osa local government decreased from 63 in 2008 to 28 in 2022. It was further revealed that the officially designated phase II of Fish Farm Estate with a total land mass of about 30ha has been converted to other forms of agricultural by 2022. From the findings, major constraint to UA is access to land. Overall, 17% (39) of farmers own their farmland, nearly two-third (65%) rented the land they are using, while another 15% are squatters. Chi-square statistic indicted that there is relationship between gender of farmers and the type of urban agriculture activities they practice (χ2 =13.684; p=0.008). Findings showed that more residents living within 0-300m distance from the farms complained about farmers’ activities generally as compared to those living outside this radius. This pattern is the same for all types of farming activities in the neighbourhood except horticulture garden. Majority of residents (225/304) were of the opinion that farming and agricultural are appropriate in cities and urban centres. Generally, the study revealed that the most important positive impact of UA as perceived by all residents is enhancement of environmental protection law (PI = 4.89). Representative of Agricultural Land Holdings Authority (ALHA) indicated that there are areas within the metropolis where agriculture activities are officially permitted. The study concluded that urban agriculture has the potential to contribute to local food security by increasing the availability and access to fresh agriculture produce. In the future, the ability of cities to produce at least a portion of their own food supply will become important as a result of changes in several aspects of urban area and its dwellers.
- ItemOpen AccessResidents's Place Attachment and Landuse Regulation Compliance in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria(Department of Urban and regional planning, Faculty of Environmental Design, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023) AJAYI, Oyetunde MaryaliceThis study identified and appraised landuse control mechanisms in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; examined the socio-economic characteristics of residents; examined the level of residents’ place attachment; evaluated the residents’ level of compliance with landuse regulation; and determined the relationship between residents’ place attachment and compliance with landuse regulation. These were with a view to evolving people-oriented physical planning regulation policies.