Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Theses and Dissertations
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- ItemOpen AccessA study of neighbourhood character in Delta State, Nigeria(Architecture department, faculty of environmental design and management, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) NWAKI, William NkeonyeasuaThis study examined the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of residents in selected neighbourhood's in Delta State, Nigeria; examined the housing and neighbourhood characteristics; analysed the neighbourhood character; and investigated factors that influence neighbourhood character in the study area. These were with a view to providing information that could enhance neighborhood improvement.
- ItemEmbargoA comparative study of the meaning and value of university campus architecture in southwestern Nigeria(Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria., 2024) Akinsola, Musiliu Lawal.This study examined comparatively the meaning and value of campus architecture of two universities in Southwestern Nigeria. It examined the personal characteristics of users of the University of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University campuses, examined the physical and socio-physical characteristics of the two university campuses. Analysed the meaning and value of the two university campus architecture, and compared the architecture of the two university campuses. These with a view to providing information that could enhance university campus architecture. A mixed method of quantitative and qualitative evaluation with physical observation was used to collect primary data, while secondary data were sourced from relevant departments. The campus architecture of Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan, with two classes of respondents; university – staff and students, comprising of 42 and 63 staff, with 401 and 366 students from OAU and UI respectively, were selected using purposive sampling method. The measuring instruments comprised of campus users personal characteristics, physical and socio- physical characteristics of the campus architecture, which were used to assess meaning, while open responses of campus users, likes and dislikes, mental imagery, campus users memories and most important things assessed users’ value of campus architecture which aligned with meaning. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive analysis, means, percentile, chi-square, Cronbach’s Alpha factor analysis, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Crosstabulation, content analysis and Fisher Freeman p-values. Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan campus architecture evoked campus users’ meaning and value, namely, architecture vitality, campus ambience, quality, wellbeing, campus aesthetics and privacy, circulation and recognition, inclusivity and accessibility, crowding, and facility recognition and cosiness. OAU campus users ranked architecture vitality the strongest in meaning (0.851 Cronbach’s Alpha score; 5.44 mean value) while, UI users ranked campus ambience the strongest in meaning (0.888 Cronbach’s Alpha score; 5.0 mean value). The weakest ranked users meaning was campus facility distinction and cosiness (0.472 and 0.110, Cronbach's Alpha score) and mean value (4.32 and 4.20) for OAU and UI respectively. Also, campus users’ personal characteristics resonates in campus architecture meaning and value, OAU and UI users’ knowledge of the campus was significantly different in all the meaning except for campus crowding (OAU, p < 0.804; UI, p value < 0.245) and facility recognition in OAU (p value < 0.743). For OAU and UI users’ age and number of years on campus was significant in architecture vitality, campus ambience, wellbeing, aesthetics and privacy, circulation and recognition. Religion was significantly different in UI architecture vitality (p < 0.029) and OAU campus quality (p < 0.012), gender was significant in OAU’s circulation and recognition (p < 0.017), wellbeing (p< 0.031). The study concluded that Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan campus users’ meaning and value were distinct, distinguishable and different. Campus users’ meaning and value of Obafemi Awolowo University campus architecture was stronger than those of University of Ibadan campus users.
- ItemOpen AccessAnalysis of Landuse Development in KANO Municipality, Nigeria(Department of Urban and regional planning, Faculty of Environmental Design, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023) ALWADOOD, Ali JasiniThe study examined; the different landuse nuclei in Kano Municipality; the socio economic characteristics of residents in the identified landuse nuclei; analysed the landuse patterns of the study area between 1950 and 2020; determined the factors influencing landuse development; and examined the physical planning implications of landuse development in the study area. These were with a view to providing information for explaining the current spatial morphology and guidelines for effective policy response towards its management. Fieldwork, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), participatory mapping and questionnaire administration were adopted in eliciting information. Information on the pattern of landuse development was obtained from Topographical map for the year 1950. Others are: aerial photograph (1968) and multi-date satellite images for the years 1975, 1990, 2001, 2010 and 2020. Fishnet technique at 500 meters intervals was used in the selection of sample locations. A total of 1,421 points were obtained with 894 located within residential areas, thereby constituting the sample size for questionnaire administration. The obtained information were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while the spatial aspect was analysed using Nearest Neighbour Analysis, Overlay operation and Buffering. The study identified 92 independent development nuclei in Kano Municipality with residential landuse representing 63.3%. Most of the development nuclei (89.1%) were characterized by multiple landuse types while 56.7% developed as post-colonial organic development. The study observed a wide disparity in the socio-economic characteristics of the residents in the identified development nuclei with: age, household sizes and length of stay, inversely proportional with increase in distance from the ancient walled city. Similarly, development nuclei were polarised along ethnic, income and educational disparities. The municipality witnessed a growth from 27.5 km² from the year 1950 to 355.3 km² in 2020, which was a growth of 1,192.8% in 70 years (annual growth of 17.3%). Factors such as land affordability, land availability, serenity of the area, and social ties (Family and Friends) were identified as the main factors influencing land use development, with each contributing, 12.0%, 10.6%, 9.9% and 9.2% respectively. The land use development of Kano municipality showed several significant implications for urban planning, such as the development of poor environmental quality in the older organic nuclei within the ancient walled city, the conversion of open spaces to built-up areas foe economic ventures, the loss of historical monuments, and the development of social segregation that collectively hindered interactions and tolerance among residents. The near absence of adequate water and electricity supplies, poor conditions of roads and other social facilities were also identified. In essence, the multifaceted challenges discovered by the landuse development in Kano municipality emphasize the urgency of a holistic and sustainable urban planning approach. It is essential to strike a balance between economic growth and preserving the city's heritage, enhancing environmental quality, promoting social integration, and investing in critical infrastructure. Only through a comprehensive and forward-thinking urban planning strategy can Kano municipality fulfil its potential as a thriving, inclusive, and vibrant urban center for its residents
- ItemOpen AccessPhysical Planning Implication of Urban Agricultural Practice in Lagos Metropolis.(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Enviromental Design and Management. Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) OLALEYE, Daniel Oluwasola.This examined the spatial distribution of urban agriculture practice in Lagos Metropolis; identified and examined the land tenure system in urban agriculture practice; examined the socio-economic profiles of urban agriculture stakeholders; identified and examined the factors influencing urban agriculture practice; identified and examined the impact of urban agricultural practice on residents; and determined the relationship between urban agriculture and physical planning. This was with a view to provide planning policy that will stimulate the growth of urban agriculture. The primary data were obtained through administration of questionnaire on three (3) sets of respondents. These are: farmers, residents and staff of agencies responsible for the control and development of agriculture and its land use in Lagos metropolis. Reconnaissance survey revealed that there are 9186 registered farmers who are into urban agricultural practice in all the relevant local government areas in Lagos metropolis. This figure was made up of farmers involved in the production of five (5) different types of urban agricultural products. These are: flower (160), vegetable (1367), poultry (1640), fishery (2170), and livestock (3849). These 9186 farmers form the population for this study. A total of 243 (10%) farmers were randomly sampled from the sample frame using the already established and identified clusters for each type of agriculture activities in each of the LG area, however only 227 of the questionnaire were used for the analysis in this study. Residents around the clustered farm sites were stratified into three different strata using the distance of buildings from the farm sites. These are: 0-300 metres, 301-600 metres and 601-900 metres. Physical counting revealed that there are 240 streets with 6228 buildings. The study randomly selected 20% of the streets from each stratum. From the selected streets, 20% of buildings were selected, thus a total of 333 were selected. From a selected building, a household head with the longest stay was sampled. Where a household head is not available, the oldest available resident will be chosen in lieu. This study revealed that in Ojo, between 2013 and 2022, the size of vegetable farms decreased from 173.02ha to 156.65ha. Similarly, the number of horticultural gardens in Eti-Osa local government decreased from 63 in 2008 to 28 in 2022. It was further revealed that the officially designated phase II of Fish Farm Estate with a total land mass of about 30ha has been converted to other forms of agricultural by 2022. From the findings, major constraint to UA is access to land. Overall, 17% (39) of farmers own their farmland, nearly two-third (65%) rented the land they are using, while another 15% are squatters. Chi-square statistic indicted that there is relationship between gender of farmers and the type of urban agriculture activities they practice (χ2 =13.684; p=0.008). Findings showed that more residents living within 0-300m distance from the farms complained about farmers’ activities generally as compared to those living outside this radius. This pattern is the same for all types of farming activities in the neighbourhood except horticulture garden. Majority of residents (225/304) were of the opinion that farming and agricultural are appropriate in cities and urban centres. Generally, the study revealed that the most important positive impact of UA as perceived by all residents is enhancement of environmental protection law (PI = 4.89). Representative of Agricultural Land Holdings Authority (ALHA) indicated that there are areas within the metropolis where agriculture activities are officially permitted. The study concluded that urban agriculture has the potential to contribute to local food security by increasing the availability and access to fresh agriculture produce. In the future, the ability of cities to produce at least a portion of their own food supply will become important as a result of changes in several aspects of urban area and its dwellers.
- ItemOpen AccessA study of defects in buildings along coastal areas of South-South, Nigeria(Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Design an Management ,Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile IFe, 2023) Antia Mfon EkanemThe study assessed the environmental conditions in South-South Nigeria; examined the causes of defects in buildings; examined the signs and patterns of defects in buildings exposed to the environmental conditions; determined the failure rate of building components; assessed the integrity of buildings; and determined the relationship between environmental conditions and failure rate of building components in the study area. These were with a view to enhancing the integrity and reliability of buildings along the coastal area. Data for the study were gathered from four distinct sources: The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), building users, physical inspection and measurements, and soil test. Both primary and secondary data were employed for the study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire, physical inspection and measurement as well as soil test. Sample for the study were selected from the five states that share boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. The study area was stratified into three sections (Zones A, B and C). Each of these sections covered a distance of 30 km, starting from the shoreline. In each zone, a town was purposively selected. Using the formula n = ᵶ2/4e2, 26 buildings were sampled in each zone. In other words a total of 390 buildings were sampled for the study. Secondary data spanning a ten-year period (2010 – 2019), that covered the specified environmental conditions were also collected for the study from NIMET and analysed using Relative Severity Index, ANOVA, Trend Analysis, and Weibull Analysis. Zone A, closest to the coast, faced the highest temperature (36.48°C), rainfall (41.76 mm), wind speed (10.33 m/s), and humidity (87.51%). Zone-specific challenges included exterior finish degradation (Zone A), structural cracks and metal corrosion(Zone B), and mould growth with wooden element decay (Zone C). Inland, concrete cracks and soil salinity decreased. Perceptions of environmental impacts varied across zones, with Zone A's top concerns being "Acid rain effect" (RSI: 0.740), "Effect of biological activities" (RSI: 0.704), and "Chemical Concentration in soil" (RSI: 0.636). Zone B's major concerns included "Chemical Concentration in soil" (RSI: 0.868), "Industrial Gas and Waste emission." In Zone C, "Effect of biological activities" led (RSI: 0.708), followed by "Acid rain effect" and "Chemical Concentration in soil”. Common defects in Zone A included "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.760), "Mould and mildew growth on wall surface" (RFI: 0.652), and "Corrosion of metal components" (RFI: 0.440). In Zone B, prevalent issues were "Thermal expansion or contraction leading to structural cracks" (RFI: 0.788), "Corrosion of metal components" (RFI: 0.784), and "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.684). Zone C exhibited "Mould and mildew growth on wall surfaces" (RFI: 0.876), followed by "Rot and decay of wooden elements" (RFI: 0.828) and "Fading of paint and finishes" (RFI: 0.800). Component characteristic lives increased from 40.45 years (Zone A) to 58.17 years (Zone C), reflecting a similar trend in walls, roofs, and reinforced concrete. The integrity of building components, like compressive strength, rose from 21.3564 N/mm² (Zone A) to 24.5140 N/mm² (Zone C). The study underscores the significant influence of environmental factors on building deterioration in South-South Nigeria's coastal regions. It emphasizes the need for tailored design, construction, and maintenance practices to address the specific environmental challenges of the area.