Journal Articles

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Journal Articles (Computer Science)

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Open Access
An adaptive bio-inspired optimisation model based on the foraging behaviour of a social spider
(cogent OA, 2019-11) otor, samera; akinyemi, bodunde; aladesanmi, temitope; aderounmu, ganiyu
Existing bio-inspired models are challenged with premature convergence among others.In this paper,an adaptive social spider colony optimization model based on the foraging behaviour of social spider was proposed as an optimisation problem. The algorithm mimics the prey capture behaviour of the social spider in which, the spider senses the presence of the prey through vibrations transmitted along the web thread. Spiders are the search agents while the web is the search space of the optimization problem.The natural or biological phenomenon of vibration was modeled using wave theory while optimization theory was considered in optimizing the objective function of the optimisation problem. This objective function was considered to be the frequency of vibration of the spiders and the prey as this is the function that enables the spider differentiates the vibration of the prey from that of neighbouring spider sand therefore forages maximally. To address the parameter tuning problem, the searchpatternwascontrolledbythepositionofthepreyforconvergence.The proposed model was tested for convergence using several benchmark functions with different characteristics to evaluate its performance and results compared to an existing state of the arts’ spider algorithm. Results showed that the proposed model performed better by searching the optimum solution of the benchmark functions used to test the model
Open Access
An adaptive fuzzy Information Retrieval model to improve response time perceived by e-commerce clients
(2010-01) Ajayi, Anuoluwapo Olanrewaju; Aderounmu, Ganiyu A.; Soriyan, H.A.
In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy logic-based information retrieval model is presented to enable users retrieve exact and specific information they sort after. The proposed IR model takes into consideration the limited bandwidth between ISP and its users; and the characteristics (processor speed, memory size, resolution, availability of anti-virus, etc.) of clients’ devices in ensuring that a customer has a fruitful and eventful session while conducting business online. The model was designed using unified modelling language and implemented using Borland JBuilder. A performance evaluation of the proposed information retrieval system using two evaluation measures was conducted. The experimental result indicated that the model has an acceptable performance.
Open Access
Analysis and Hazard Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils Around Transformer Installation Areas
(Journal of Health & Pollution, 2019-12) Akhigbe, G. E.; Adebiyi, F .M; Torimiro, N
Soil contamination resulting from the use and handling of petrochemicals and other petroleum products during power generation activities is an increasing global concern due to its adverse impact on the ecosystem
Open Access
An ANN Model for Predicting the Quantity of Lead and Cadmium Ions in Industrial Wastewater
(IGI Global, 2017-10) OLAJUBU, EMMANUEL; OKE, ADESOLA ISAIAH; ASAHIAH, FRANKLIN OLADIPO
Rapidindustrializationhascontributedimmenselytothedischargeofheavymetalsintoreceivingwater bodiesuntreated.Thequantityofheavymetalspredictioninindustrialwastewaterisveryessential beforetreatmentsothatthequantityispreciselyremoved.Thisarticleformulates,simulateandevaluate apredictivemodelthatmimicselectrochemicaltreatmentofleadandcadmiumionspresentinpaint industrialwastewaterusingartificialneuralnetwork.Thepredictivemodelwasformulatedusing FuzzyLogictoolboxinMATLABandthesimulationwasdoneintheenvironment.Theprediction ofthemodelwasevaluatedbycomparingthepredictedquantityofleadionsandcadmiumions withtheresultoftheexperimentalworkinthelaboratory.Thearticleconcludesthatthedeveloped predictionmodeldemonstratedveryhighpredictionaccuracyinpredictingthepercentageoflead andcadmiumionspresentinpaintswastewater
Open Access
Automatic recognition of oral vowels in tone language: Experiments with fuzzy logic and neural network models.
(Elsevier, 2011-01) Akanbi, Lukman; Odejobi, Odetunji A
Automatic recognition of tone language speech is a complex problem in that it involves two parallel recognition tasks. A recognition system to accomplish this task must be able to simultaneously recognise tone and phone Components in the acoustic signal. The acoustic cue for the tones is the fundamental frequency (F0) while the first and second formant (F1 and F2) frequencies are the acoustic cues for the phones. In this study, we experiment with two soft-computing techniques, namely: artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic (FL) in the recognition of oral vowels in tone language. The standard Yoruba (SY) language is used for our case study.The ANN and FL speech recognition systems were developed using MatLab. The result showed that the ANN based model performed better on the training data while the FL based model performed better on the test set. This implies that the ANN system was able to interpolate or approximate the data more accurately whereas the FL system is better at extrapolating from the data. In addition, it was observed that the ANN system required larger amount of data for it is development whereas the FL system development requires some expert's knowledge. In conclusion, the FL based system seems to be the better approach for developing practical automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for languages such as SY where the language resources are limited.
Open Access
Bacterial Assessment of Electronic Hardware User Interfaces in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
( Revista de Ciencias Farmaceuticas Basica e Aplicada, 2014-05-28) Oluduro, A. O; Ubani, E. K; Ofoezie, I. E.
The study was undertaken to quantify and identify bacterial contaminants associated with private and open access user interfaces in various establishments in the town of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study was conducted in selected offices, business centres, banks and cybercafés within Ile-Ife. Swab samples were aseptically collected from each user interface (keyboard, mouse, ATM) and users’ hands and cultured on nutrient and MacConkey agar, to determine the total bacterial load and coliform count, respectively, by the pour-plate technique. Bacterial loads present on different types of interface (keyboard, mouse and ATM) were found to be significantly different (p < 0.01). A total of 669 isolates comprising 11 distinct bacterial species were recovered from 313 randomly sampled user interfaces. The frequencies of occurrence of the species were Aerococcus viridans (9.4%), Bacillus spp. (8.4%), Enterobacter aerogenes (4.9%), Gaffkya tetragena (2.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.1%), Micrococcus luteus (10.9%), Moraxella catarrhalis (1.6%), Proteus spp. (10.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.2%). All the interfaces examined were contaminated. Contamination on interfaces in educational institutions differed significantly from that found in banks and cybercafés, but was comparable to that in commercial centres. Most isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, augmentin, nitrofurantoin and ceftriaxone, while resistance to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was the least frequent. Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed in 89.1% of bacterial isolates, with a total of 68 resistance patterns, resistance to three antibiotics being the most frequent (31.9%). About 74% of multiple antibiotic
Open Access
Bi-directional Shape Correspondences (BSC)
(Abdulrahman Ibraheem, 2014-11) Abdulrahman, Ibraheem
We propose Bidirectional Shape Correspondence (BSC) as a possible improvement on the famous shape contexts (SC) framework. Our proposals derive from the observation that the SC framework enforces a one-to-one correspondence between sample points, and that this leads to two possible drawbacks. First, this denies the framework the opportunity to effect advantageous many-to-many matching between points on the two shapes being compared. Second, this calls for the Hungarian algorithm which unfortunately usurps cubic time. While the dynamic-space-warping dynamic programming algorithm has provided a standard solution to the first problem above, it demands quintic time for general multi-contour shapes, and w times quadratic time for the special case of single-contour shapes, even after an heuristic search window of width w has been chosen. Therefore, in this work, we propose a simple method for computing "many-to-many" correspondences for the class of all 2-d shapes in quadratic time. Our approach is to explicitly let each point on the first shape choose a best match on the second shape, and vice versa. Along the way, we also propose the use of data-clustering techniques for dealing with the outliers problem, and, from another viewpoint, it turns out that this clustering can be seen as an autonomous, rather than pre-computed, sampling of shape boundary.
Open Access
Biocidal effects of stem bark extract of Chrysophyllum albidium G. Don on vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016-12) Akinpel, David A.; Odewade, Joseph O.; Aiyegoro, Olayinka A.; Ashafa, Anofi O. T.; Akinpelu, Oluseun F.; Agunbiade, Mayowa O.
Background: Staphylococcus aureus causes variety of infections in humans and animals worldwide and predominates in surgical wound infections. This study assessed the antimicrobial potential of the stem bark extract of Chrysophyllum albidum against an array of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolated from clinical samples. Methods: The methanolic crude extract of the plant was preliminary screened for the presence of phytochemicals; after then, the extract was partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. A range of concentrations of the plant extract fractions was prepared to assess its antimicrobial potency; the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs); the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs); the rate of killing; the potassium ion leakage potential and nucleotides leakage ability against the VRSAs. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, reducing sugars and terpenoids as major phytoconstituents resident in the crude plant extract. The two active fractions (n-hexane and butanol) at a concentration of 10 mg/ml exhibited antibacterial activities with the MIC and MBC values for the fractions ranged between 0.63–10 mg/ml and 1.25–10 mg/ml respectively. The time kill assay revealed that the antibacterial action of the two fractions are time and concentration dependent; the n-hexane and butanol fractions achieved 100 % kill on the test isolates at a concentration of 3×MIC and 2×MIC respectively after 120 min of reaction time. Varying amount of potassium ions as well as nucleotides were leaked from the test cells by n-hexane and butanol fractions. Conclusions: This study has established the possibility of developing antimicrobial agents of natural origin to manage possible infection from vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus that are now developing multi-resistance against many antibiotics.
Open Access
Candida colonization of the vagina of HIV-seropositive pregnant women and their seronegative counterparts at selected health-care centers in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
( Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2016-01) Ebhodaghe, BlessingItohan; Ako-Nai, Kwashie Ajibade; Aderoba, Adeniyi; Anderson, WinstonA; kassem, Olakunle O
Background: Candida colonization of the vagina is a risk factor in pregnancy. Candida isolates have been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The study determined the incidence of Candida species recovered from the vagina of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative pregnant women that attended antenatal clinics in Akure, Ondo State between November 2014 and December 2015. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty pregnant women aged 19–43 participated in the study, which included 114 HIV-seropositive subjects with mean age 31.81 years and 126 HIV-seronegative subjects with mean age 29.05 years as controls. High vaginal swab was collected from each subject using sterile cotton-tipped applicator, streaked onto Mycological Agar - supplemented with streptomycin. Each sample was incubated 24 h for yeast and 72–120 h for the growth of molds. Yeast colonies that grew on Mycological Agar were picked and studied. Thereafter, colonies resembling Candida were identified using sugar assimilation and fermentation. Candida isolates were further speciated using Candida Ident Agar, modified. Antifungal resistance profile was identified with azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, flucytosine, and griseofulvin drugs. Antifungal resistant assay was determined by disc and agar well diffusion. Results: Altogether, 157 Candida isolates were recovered from HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative subjects. Candida albicans constituted 46.5%, Candida dubliniensis and Candida glabrata 15.3% each, Candida krusei 12.1%, Candida spp. 5.7%, and Candida tropicalis and Candida pseudotropicalis 2.5% each. Antifungal resistance was widespread with azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, flucytosine, and griseofulvin. Conclusion: C. albicans was the predominant isolate recovered (17.2% HIV-seropositive and 29.3% HIV-seronegative subjects). Widespread antifungal resistance seems high and suggests possible abuse of these drugs
Open Access
Comparative Efficacy of Clinic-Based and Telerehabilitation Application of McKenzie Therapy in Chronic Low-Back Pain
(International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 2019-06) Mbada, chidozie emmanuel; dada, olarewaju; ayanniyi, olusola; johnson, olubusola
Studies on validation of telerehabilitation as an effective platform to help manage as well as reduce burden of care for LowBack Pain (LBP) are sparse. This study compared the effects of Telerehabilitation-Based McKenzie Therapy (TBMT) and Clinic-Based McKenzie Therapy (CBMT) among patients with LBP. Forty-seven consenting patients with chronic LBP who demonstrated ‘directional preference’ for McKenzie Extension Protocol (MEP) completed this quasi experimental study. The participants were assigned into either the CBMT or TBMT group using block permuted randomization. Participants in the CBMT and TBMT groups received MEP involving a specific sequence of lumbosacral repeated movements in extension aimed to centralize, decrease, or abolish symptoms, thrice weekly for eight weeks. TBMT is a comparable version of CBMT performed in the home with the assistance of a mobile phone app. Outcomes were assessed at the 4th and 8th weeks of the study in terms of Pain Intensity (PI), Back Extensors Muscles’ Endurance (BEME), Activity Limitation (AL), Participation Restriction (PR), and General Health Status (GHS). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at p< 0.05. Within-group comparison across baseline, 4th and 8th weeks indicate that both CBMT and TBMT had significant effects on PI (p=0.001), BEME (p=0.001), AL (p=0.001), PR (p=0.001) and GHS (p=0.001) respectively. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the treatment effects between TBMT and CBMT, except for ‘vitality’ (p=0.011) scale in the GHS where TBMT led to significantly higher mean score. Mobile-app platform of the McKenzie extension protocol has comparable clinical outcomes with the traditional clinic-based McKenzie Therapy, and thus is an effective supplementary platform for care of patients with low-back pain. Keywords
Open Access
COMPARATIVE TREATMENT OF WELL AND STREAM WAGTER FOR DRINKING USING MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS, ALUM, SAND FILTER BEDS AND SOLAR RADIATION
(International Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2016-12-16) Ikechukwu Benjamin, MOSES; Babatunde, Awopetu; Odeyemi, Olu
Objectives The objective of this research work was to compare the coagulating power of Moringa oleifera seeds with that of alum. Raw water samples were collected from various wells and streams in Modakeke area, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria. Results show that Moringa oleifera seed is a better coagulating agent than alum because it had an average coagulating power of 85.3% while that of alum was 78.3%. The filter bed had 85.7% reduction in microbial load for Moringa oleifera treated water while there was 79.1% reduction in microbial load for alum treated water. Also, the effectiveness of solar disinfection for the Moringa oleifera treated clear filtrate was 98.1% while that of alum treated water was 91.5%. Hence, Moringa oleifera, sand filtration and solar energy are good alternatives for water treatment especially in rural areas that can’t afford sophisticated water treatment plant or chemicals.
Open Access
The Critical Need for Software Architecture Practices in Software Development Process
(Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems, 2012-01) Gambo, Ishaya; Ikono, Rhoda; Iroju, Olaronke; Omodunbi, Theressa
Software architecture is the master plan of every reliable software system. It is the building block of any kind of software system which greatly determines the success of the system. This paper argues that every system needs a good architecture and that requires the use of good architecture engineering practices in a software development process. The paper recognized software architecture practice as a discipline pervading all phases of software development and then identifies some of the pertinent areas where architectural practice can be used based on a framework. In addition a model showing how software architecture fits into the phases of a generic software development process lifecycle was presented. The model is to enable software developers and acquirers to use effective software architecture practices during software development in order to exert significantly greater control over software product qualities.
Open Access
Decision Support System for Histopathological Diagnosis of Breast Diseases in Women.
(IJCSI, 2011-03) Kayode, Aderonke Anthonia; Akhigbe, Bernard Ijesunor; Afolabi, Babajide; Udo, Ifiok; Ominiyi, Adedayo O
This paper presents a representation of histological features for histopathological diagnosis of breast diseases in women. Hence, a Decision Support System (DSS) for histopathological interpretation and diagnosis of breast diseases was implemented and evaluated. The Expert knowledge used was elicited through interview and literature search. The needed diagnostic knowledge was represented using diseases’ profile in the form of frame. UML, JAVA and MYSQL were used for the design and implementation of the system. 150 samples of retrospective cases were used for the system’s implementation, while a Consultant Pathologist’s interpretation was used to evaluate the system. Results for Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Prediction Value and the Negative Prediction Value are 97.7%, 95.0%, 99.2% and 86.3% respectively. Thus, the result showed that the system is capable of assisting an inexperience pathologist in making accurate, consistent and timely diagnoses, also in the study of diagnostic protocol, education, self-assessment, and quality control
Open Access
Development and Testing of a Graphical FORTRAN Learning Tool for Novice Programmers
(Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 2010) Ajayi, A. O.; Soriyan, H.A.; Akinboro, S. A.; Olajubu, E. A.; Ninan, D. F.
To address the difficulties associated with computer programming, this article first looks at some reasons why students, especially engineering students, find programming such a daunting prospect, and it proposes a programming learning tool managed by a Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA). The DFA machine used a graphical environment provided by Simulink to teach the FORmula TRANslator (FORTRAN) programming language to science students. The proposed programming learning tool and the traditional method of teaching were compared and evaluated. The results of evaluation indicated that there was an improvement in learning effectiveness of the proposed learning tool.
Open Access
Development of a Fuzzy Logic-based Model for Monitoring Cardiovascular Risk
(2015-10) idowu, PETER ADEBAYO; balogun, JEREMIAH ADEMOLA; ogunlade, oluwadare
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are top killers with heart failure as one of the most leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. In Nigeria, the inability to consistently monitor the vital signs of patients has led to the hospitalization and untimely death of many as a result of heart failure. Fuzzy logic models have found relevance in healthcare services due to their ability to measure vagueness associated with uncertainty management in intelligent systems. This study aims to develop a fuzzy logic model for monitoring heart failure risk using risk indicators assessed from patients. Following interview with expert cardiologists, the different stages of heart failure was identified alongside their respective indicators. Triangular membership functions were used to fuzzify the input and output variables while the fuzzy inference engine was developed using rules elicited from cardiologists. The model was simulated using the MATLAB® Fuzzy Logic Toolbox.
Open Access
Development of a multifactor authentication result checker system through GSM
(Multifactor Authentication System, 2015-01) Famutimi, Rantiola; Ozichi, Emuoyibofarhe; Abiodun, Akinpelu; Ishaya, Gambo
This work is an implementation of a multifactor authentication SMS based result checking system. The objectives of this work were to improve on the available authentication methods and apply it on examination result checking system. The work takes care of only course codes with their grades, the current GPA and the overall CGPA. It employs the Pull SMS service, built on an independent service and a modem. Examination results consist of sensitive information, hence the need to further enhance the ones already in place so as to ensure further privacy and integrity, In the course of this project, the following assumptions were made: That a system that does the computation of students' result, calculate of GPA and CGPA is already in place. The implemented system was connected to the database of the existing system. A database that contains the bio-data of each student admitted exists. That SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) modem exists and should have been used but to reduce cost, a modem that can act like a SIM browser is used with a standard SIM card inserted in it and connected via cable to the application server. The system showed that further security and privacy could be achieved when multifactor authentication is employed. For further work, the system could be developed and built as a dependent service which involves having the application server connected to the service provider's SMS Center (SMSC). KEYWORDS Multifactor Authentication, GSM, Telecommunication, Communication, Internet.
Open Access
A Dynamic Traffic Shaping Technique for a Scalable QoS in ATM Networks
(The International Arab Journal of Information Technologyj, 2008-10) Ogwu, Francis Joseph; Mohammad, Talib; Aderounmu, Ganiyu A.; Onifade, Olufade Falade Williams
Traffic shaping function becomes imperative for the new broadband services that are being deployed in order to avoid information loss, to provide the end users multiple traffic options in terms of bandwidth and to ensure optimal use of the communication channels. To simultaneously manage the amount of cell loss and delay experienced by two or more classes of service categories constant bit rate/ variable bit rate, we developed a new buffer partitioning scheme tagged complete sharing with gradual release. The proposed model was combined with a scheduling method known as weighted round robin with absolute increment. An analytical model was developed for the proposed buffer partition to dynamically monitor and determine the output mean rate of the classes of service present, and the individual mean rate of the class of service. The model was simulated and performance evaluation carried out. The result thus obtained depicts a better performance as a method of traffic shaper in a multi-quality of service traffic over asynchronous transfer mode networks.
Open Access
Economic Path Scheduling for Mobile Agent System on Computer Network
(Springer Link, 2010-03)
Mobile agent technology has a lot of gains to offer network-centric applications. The technology promises to be very suitable for narrow-bandwidth networks by reducing network latency and allowing transparent per-to-per computing. Multi-agent technology had been proposed for many network-centric applications with little or no path scheduling algorithms. This paper describes the need for path scheduling algorithms for agents in multi-agent systems. Traveling salesman problem (TSP) scheme is used to model ordered agents and the unordered agents schedule their path based on random distribution. The two types of agents were modeled and simulated based on bandwidth usage and response time as performance metrics. Our simulation results shows that ordered agents have superior performance against unordered agents. The ordered agents exhibit lower bandwidth usage and higher response time. KeywordsTSP-Ordered Agent-Bandwidth Usage-Response time-Routing model.
Open Access
The Effect of Information Technology on the Growth of the Banking Industry in Nigeria
(Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries (EJISDC), 2002-10) Idowu, P. A.; Alu, A.O.; Adagunodo, E.R.
The advent of Information Technology (IT) is rapidly changing the banking industry. In this study, the impact of IT on the banking industry in Nigeria is described. A questionnaire was employed to collect data from customers at five major banks in Nigeria on the extent to which customers believe that IT exerts an impact on banking services. The results of the study clearly indicate that IT has contributed immensely to the growth of the banking industry in Nigeria
Open Access
EFFICACY OF SAND FILTRATION, Moringa oleifera SEED AND ALUM TREATMENT IN REDUCTION OF COLIFORMS AND TOTAL BACTERIA IN STABILIZATION POND EFFLUENT
(International Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2016-01-14) Babatunde A, Awopetu; Ikechuwkwu, Moses; Odeyemi, Olu
Objectives A slow sand filter was designed and constructed with decreasing sizes of sand layers. Granulations were made out of the seeds of Moringa oleifera. Their turbidity clarification, coliform and total bacteria reduction were tested. Their abilities to reduce the densities of Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli in waste water were also tested. Coliform number reduction was 78% by sand filtration, 78% alum treatment and 98% by M. oleifera ground seed treatment. The sand filter reduced total bacteria population by 4%, alum and M. oleifera treatments by 33% and 84% respectively. There was a 12% reduction in Shigella dysenteriae numbers by the slow sand filter, 57% reduction by alum and 76% reduction Moringa oleifera treatment. Sand filtration reduced Salmonella typhi population by 29%, alum and Moringa oleifera treatments did so by 43% and 71% respectively. Escherichia coli numbers were reduced by 10% by sand filtration, 27% by alum treatment and 56% by M. oleifera treatment. Bacillus cereus population was reduced by 9% by both sand filtration and alum treatment while Moringa oleifera application gave a 32% reduction. M. oleifera ground seed treatment was the best at coliform population reduction (98% reduction) of the three treatments. Sand filtration and alum treatment were found to be equal in coliform reduction rate since they both reduced coliform numbers by 78%. M. oleifera treatment was the most efficient in total bacteria population reduction, with an 84% reduction rate. Slow sand filtration was most effective on S. typhi (29% reduction) of the four organisms teste

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