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Open Access
A Dataset for Multimodal Fashion Recommender Model
(Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023-07-28) Orisadare Emmanuel Ayo
Fashion recommendation systems have gained significant attention in recent years as they provide personalized and non-personalized suggestions to users based on their preferences and past behavior. The effectiveness of these systems largely depends on the availability of relevant and high-quality data, including textual, image, and other forms of data. While there are several existing datasets for fashion recommendation, they often suffer some limitations such as improper image-text mapping, small size, lack of diversity, and data quality issues. To address these limitations, this paper develops a Dataset for Multimodal Fashion Recommender Models (DMFRM-202k). The developed dataset contains an extensive collection of 202,189 fashion product images and their corresponding metadata, including product features and user ratings, preprocessed using several libraries of the Python programming language. Class labeling, feature vectors, and a ResNet50 model that was fine-tuned using transfer learning for selected fashion products are also provided. A multimodal recommender and an image classification model were developed using the DMFRM-202k dataset, the multimodal recommender model achieved an average Precision of 90% and Recall of 90% while the image classification model achieved an Accuracy of 90%, Precision of 91%, and Recall of 89% on the 10th epoch. The dataset can potentially enable researchers to develop more accurate and effective multimodal recommendation models in the fashion domain.
Open Access
An adaptive bio-inspired optimisation model based on the foraging behaviour of a social spider
(cogent OA, 2019-11) otor, samera; akinyemi, bodunde; aladesanmi, temitope; aderounmu, ganiyu
Existing bio-inspired models are challenged with premature convergence among others.In this paper,an adaptive social spider colony optimization model based on the foraging behaviour of social spider was proposed as an optimisation problem. The algorithm mimics the prey capture behaviour of the social spider in which, the spider senses the presence of the prey through vibrations transmitted along the web thread. Spiders are the search agents while the web is the search space of the optimization problem.The natural or biological phenomenon of vibration was modeled using wave theory while optimization theory was considered in optimizing the objective function of the optimisation problem. This objective function was considered to be the frequency of vibration of the spiders and the prey as this is the function that enables the spider differentiates the vibration of the prey from that of neighbouring spider sand therefore forages maximally. To address the parameter tuning problem, the searchpatternwascontrolledbythepositionofthepreyforconvergence.The proposed model was tested for convergence using several benchmark functions with different characteristics to evaluate its performance and results compared to an existing state of the arts’ spider algorithm. Results showed that the proposed model performed better by searching the optimum solution of the benchmark functions used to test the model
Open Access
Adaptive electrical echo canceller for telephone networks
(IEEE, 2005-11) Oyerinde, Olutayo; Yesufu, Kokumo Thomas
Echo in telephones is generally undesirable but inevitable. Impedance mismatch and acoustic coupling between the receiver and microphone circuit(s) respectively produce electric and acoustic echoes in a telephone network. There is therefore a need to develop an echo canceller that can be used to reduce these echoes in telephone networks. In this work, a model for electrical echo in telephone networks for varied echo-path delay was designed. This was with a view to implementing an adaptive electrical echo canceller based on a combination of the normalized least mean square (NLMS) and Geigel speech detector algorithms (GSD). Subsequently, the performance indices (convergence rate and efficiency) of the echo canceller implemented were obtained using error function, echo return loss enhancement (ERLE) and the mean squared error (MSE) for various echoes with varied round-trip delay according to the minimum requirement of ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union) Recommendations. The results obtained show that there was a 3 dB improvement over the NLMS algorithm. The developed adaptive electrical echo canceller is therefore suitable for reduction of echoes in telephone networks
Open Access
An adaptive fuzzy Information Retrieval model to improve response time perceived by e-commerce clients
(2010-01) Ajayi, Anuoluwapo Olanrewaju; Aderounmu, Ganiyu A.; Soriyan, H.A.
In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy logic-based information retrieval model is presented to enable users retrieve exact and specific information they sort after. The proposed IR model takes into consideration the limited bandwidth between ISP and its users; and the characteristics (processor speed, memory size, resolution, availability of anti-virus, etc.) of clients’ devices in ensuring that a customer has a fruitful and eventful session while conducting business online. The model was designed using unified modelling language and implemented using Borland JBuilder. A performance evaluation of the proposed information retrieval system using two evaluation measures was conducted. The experimental result indicated that the model has an acceptable performance.
Open Access
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-genetic algorithm vs . response surface methodology: a case of ferric sulfate-catalyzed esterification of palm kernel oil
( Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2015-07) Ishola, Niyi B.; Adeyemi, Omowumi O.; Adesina, Ayo Joshua; Odude, Victoria.O
Ferric sulfate-catalyzed esterification process for palm kernel oil (PKO), which had an initial acid value (AV) of 22 ± 0.1 mg KOH/g oil, was modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The process parameters investigated in the AV reduction of the oil were methanol-to-oil ratio (2:1–3:1), catalyst loading (6–10 w/v) and reaction time (15–25 min) using Box Behnken design of RSM. The developed ANFIS and RSM models were both subjected to various statistical evaluation and they both showed high degree of accuracy based on the high values of coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9662 and 0.9039 for ANFIS and RSM, respectively and low values of mean absolute error of prediction (MAE) 0.0506 and 0.1506, and average absolute deviation (AAD) of 2.3665 and 7.1179 for ANFIS and RSM, respectively. To minimize the AV for the PKO, the process parameters investigated were optimized using RSM and ANFIS coupled with genetic algorithm (GA). Optimum values of methanol-to-oil ratio of 2.96:1, catalyst amount of 6 w/v and reaction time of 15 min with a corresponding AV of 1.05 mg KOH/g oil (95.2% AV reduction) were established using ANFIS-GA, while the values obtained using RSM were methanol-to-oil ratio of 2:1, catalyst amount of 6 w/v and reaction time of 25 min with a corresponding AV of 1.54 mg KOH/g oil (93.0% AV reduction). Based on the statistical indicators employed for this work, ANFIS was a better prediction tool than RSM while GA outperformed RSM in the optimization of the esterification process. Ferric sulfate proved to be a good catalyst for PKO esterification
Open Access
ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Pb , Ni AND Cd ONTO POWDERED EGGSHELLS
(Ife Journal of Science, 2014-07-07) Oke, I.A; Fasuyi, Enang; Oloyede, H.O
In this paper, the removal of lead, nickel and cadmium from aqueous solution by adsorption was studied. Chicken's eggshells were collected, washed with distilled water, air dried, pulverized, sieved into different particle sizes and stored for use. Powdered eggshells (PES) were separated, its properties were determined and used as an adsorbent to remove each of these selected metals from aqueous solution individually, multi-componen synthetic wastewater and from natural water in a batch process. Effects of initial concentration of the metals, initial pH of the solution and particle size of PES on the adsorption capacities of these selected metals onto PES were monitored. Estimated cost of producing PES was conducted under two major sources of power supply in Nigeria. The study revealed that PES contained calcium, aluminum, and iron as part of its major components. 2+ 2+ 2+ There were slight reductions in the adsorption of Pb , Ni and Cd onto the larger particle size of PES. Higher adsorption occurred when the initial concentrations and the pH values were increased, but the adsorption capacities were not affected. Cost of PES producing was found to be lower (0.43USD) than the cost of 2+ 2+ producing other adsorbents. It was concluded that PES could be used as an adsorbent to remove Pb , Ni and 2+ Cd from aqueous solutions and raw water
Open Access
Adsorptive Separation of Benzene -Toluene-Xylene (BTX) from Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit Effluent.
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 1986) Ozemoyah, P. O.; Sanni, S. A.; Fasesan, S. O.
The separation of mixtures of industrial benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes was carried out using the pulse test technique. Three adsorbent types - silica gel, fuller's earth, and a combination of the two were used. Three groups of solvents - alkylhalides, alcohols, and ketones - were employed as the desorbents. Liquid effluent from Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit of the Warri Refinery was treated in a manner similar to that for the industrial BTX mixtures. Diethyl ether and mixed xylenes were, in addition to the ones mentioned above, used as desorbents. The silica gel-xylene combination of adsorbent-desorbent gave pure aromatic hydrocarbon from the FCC gasoline, but could not wholly separate the BTX. In order to enhance good BTX separation the FCC gasoline was fractionated. The FCC gasoline was fractionated into four cuts. The aromatic content of the tour tractions and that of the original FCC gasoline were determined using the Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption (FIA) equipment. The only fraction containing all the required components of benzene, toluene and xylene was subjected to adsorption/desorption process in a column using silica gel as adsorbent and trichloromethane as desorbent. BTX of about 90 percent purity was obtained. Fixed-bed adsorption columns were then designed for the process using silica gel as the packing material. Columns of 6m high and 1.3m diameter were obtained. The gel inventory for each column was about 6,000kg and the total pressure drop expected for the designed domed end column is less than 4500 N/m2. The gel capacity for the BTX at its concentration in the BTX "heart cut" (80-120°C) was found to be about 0.185 ml/g in n-hexane.
Open Access
Agricultural Engineering Education and the Capability for Technological Innovation.
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 1987) Afolabi, Oladele Omoniyi; Sanni, S. A.; Akiwowo, Akinsola
This study attempted to establish a national picture of agricultural engineering education in Nigerian Universities. Data were collected at four universities with well established Departments of Agricultural Engineering namely: Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (ABU); University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN); University of Ibadan, Ibadan (UIB); and University of Ife, Ile-Ife (UIF). The results of the analysis of data from UNN with the highest percentage returns of 73.8% for the students' questionnaire were discussed. UNN serves best to illustrate and corroborate the basic premises of the theoretical construct. UNN's agricultural engineering programme, established in 1962, also is the oldest in Nigeria. A theoretical model curriculum aimed at enhancing the capability for technological innovation was derived as basis or datum for assessment of present agricultural engineering curriculum. The empirical aspect of this study employed a modified form of the semantic differential (SD) technique, a popular tool for the assessment of images, to assess the UNN agricultural engineering curriculum's enhancement of capability for technological innovation. The UNN agricultural engineering programme was found to enhance the students' capability for technological innovation to some extent. Assessments made for three of the five categories of course-subjects believed to enhance attributes of capability proved satisfactory. Typically, between 68% and 91% of the respondents stated they understood the scientific concepts and have mastered relevant technological techniques as much as most people in their class. Also, the percentage of the respondents who expressed that the degree of difficulty they encountered in understanding or mastering was not as much as they expected was about 85%; while the percentage of the respondents who stated they developed at least some appreciation for the application of the concepts and techniques taught in these three categories of course-subjects was typically between 56% and 89%. These figures are weighted percentage averages. The assessments for two categories of course-subjects: the design courses, especially creative design, and for courses in the social sciences and humanities were judged as not satisfactory. The percentage of the respondents who have mastered the design skills were, on the average, about 48% and 40% for design of elements and for creative design respectively. Also, typically between 60% and 75% of the respondents encountered much more difficult than they expected in mastering the design skills. Within this a generally higher figure was recorded for creative design. The percentage of respondents who developed at least some appreciation for the relevance of social science and humanities courses to the practice of agricultural engineering was considered not high enough - generally about 42% on the average. The findings of this study thus suggest that the UNN Agricultural Engineering Department would need to review and improve those aspects of its curriculum found not satisfactory. The data from the other three universities should be analysed and interpreted as soon as feasible to enable comparison of findings. The whole study should be replicated using the same approach in order to validate the modified form of the SD technique.
Open Access
Agricultural Mechanisation in Nigeria: the Prospects and Promises
(Obafemi Awolowo University Press, 1977-10-20) Makanjuola, G. A.
The application of technological innovations to the solution of problems is perhaps the single most important factor responsible for human progress. This inaugural lecture addressed: importance and role of agricultural mechanisation as a vehicle for agricultural production; problems faced by Agricultural Engineering as a profession; present state of mechanisation in Nigerian agriculture; type and level of mechanisation appropriate to our farming system; contribution of the University of Ife to agricultural mechanization in Nigeria; and challenges of ensuring that our future mechanisation programmes are meaningful and fruitful.
Open Access
Analysis and Hazard Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils Around Transformer Installation Areas
(Journal of Health & Pollution, 2019-12) Akhigbe, G. E.; Adebiyi, F .M; Torimiro, N
Soil contamination resulting from the use and handling of petrochemicals and other petroleum products during power generation activities is an increasing global concern due to its adverse impact on the ecosystem
Open Access
Analysis of a synchronous reluctance machine with an auxiliary single-phase winding
(International journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, 2003-10-01) Ojo, Olorunfemi; Omoigui, Michael; Dong, Gan
A three-phase synchronous reluctance machine having an axially laminated rotor structure and an auxiliary DC-source-fed single-phase control winding has utility as either a high-speed generator or a high-torque low-speed motor. This paper provides an understanding of its operation using electric circuit and electromagnetic field concepts in the process of which some insights are provided into the design of the windings, conditions for torque production and generation of electric power when operating in the motoring or generating modes. Some confirmatory experimental results of analytical developments are provided showing performance characteristics of an experimental machine.
Open Access
Analysis of Microbial Growth and Product Formation Data Using Modified Pirt's Model.
(Obafemi Awolowo University, 1985) Agho, Godfrey Nosakhare; Layokun, S. K.
The 'true' biomass and product energetic yield coefficients and the maintenance coefficient for different microorganisms have been determined by analysing data on microbial growth, with and without product formation, using modified Pint's model. The data of kappeli and Fiechter for the aerobic growth of Trichosporun cutaneum on glucose in continuous culture and those of Duvnjak et al for the anaerobic growth of various strains of Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces on Jerusalem artichokes in batch culture were analysed. Material and energy balances were carried out and these with identified regularities were used to establish the consistency of the data and also used to identify probable sources of measurement errors and outlier data points. The estimates of the yield and maintenance coefficients, obtained using the modified Pirt's model, are presented improved estimates are obtained using covariate adjustment method. The values of the true biomass yield and the maintenance coefficients obtained from the analysis of the data of T. cutaneum are 0.668 and 0.007 respectively. These values compare favourably with those reported for candida utilis which is used for biomass (single cell protein) production. Analysis of the growth studies on Jerusalem artichokes show that the microorganism, K. fragilis 105, may be the best for ethanol production on this substrate. The method used in this work will have applications in the selection of new strains of microorganisms.
Open Access
Analysis of multi-terminal unified power flow controller for power transfer
(IEEE, 2008-09) Omoigui, Michael; Karugaba, Sosthenes; Ojo, Olorunfemi
The paper reports the results of analysis of a multi-terminal UPFC used for power transfer and stability improvement of power systems. The analysis employed abc to qd0 transformation technique to obtain a time-invariant equation describing the system. A simulation of a-two transmission network rated at 20 and 15 MVA at 33 kV was investigated. Results confirm that converters rated appropriately can be used to transfer power between the lines. Converter power and current optimization were carried out to determine their operational limits.
Open Access
An ANN Model for Predicting the Quantity of Lead and Cadmium Ions in Industrial Wastewater
(IGI Global, 2017-10) OLAJUBU, EMMANUEL; OKE, ADESOLA ISAIAH; ASAHIAH, FRANKLIN OLADIPO
Rapidindustrializationhascontributedimmenselytothedischargeofheavymetalsintoreceivingwater bodiesuntreated.Thequantityofheavymetalspredictioninindustrialwastewaterisveryessential beforetreatmentsothatthequantityispreciselyremoved.Thisarticleformulates,simulateandevaluate apredictivemodelthatmimicselectrochemicaltreatmentofleadandcadmiumionspresentinpaint industrialwastewaterusingartificialneuralnetwork.Thepredictivemodelwasformulatedusing FuzzyLogictoolboxinMATLABandthesimulationwasdoneintheenvironment.Theprediction ofthemodelwasevaluatedbycomparingthepredictedquantityofleadionsandcadmiumions withtheresultoftheexperimentalworkinthelaboratory.Thearticleconcludesthatthedeveloped predictionmodeldemonstratedveryhighpredictionaccuracyinpredictingthepercentageoflead andcadmiumionspresentinpaintswastewater
Open Access
An Appraisal of GSM Telecommunications Services Delivery in Lagos and Oyo States of Nigeria
(2015-03-17) Abdul – Hameed, Taofeek Adekunle
The study appraised the quality, volume and the capacity of the telecommunications facilities of the GSM Service Providers in Lagos and Oyo States of Nigeria. This was with a view to developing strategies for improved service delivery in the industry. The study covered all areas of operation of MTN, CELTEL, GLOBACOM and M - TEL in Lagos and Oyo states. Data were collected on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as conversational voice quality, call setup success ratio, call retention ratio, and short message service (SMS) transmission success ratio using questionnaires. International Telecommunications Union (ITU) specifications were used for evaluation. One thousand (1,000) respondents (500 MTN; 250 CELTEL; 150 GLOBACOM and 100 M - TEL subscribers) from each state were randomly selected. Secondary data such as type and location of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and other transmitting and receiving facilities were collected from the Service Providers' websites. In addition, physical inspection of the facilities was made. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The study showed that 100% of the BTS of all the Providers used Macro Cell Antennae with no one using Micro, Pico and Umbrella Cell types; making the mobility management operations of the GSM Service Providers abysmally poor. Also, about 60% of the Macro Cell Antennaes were concentrated in the residential areas. The results showed that CELTEL had the best score in Oyo State (1.96), and M-TEL in Lagos State (2.55) for voice quality measured on a 5-point mean opinion scale. Furthermore, the interconnectivity call setup success ratio was low (CELTEL = 17.1% in Oyo State; GLOBACOM = 19.2 % in Lagos State) as against the international minimum standard of 98% of attempted calls. However, the interconnectivity call setup success ratio was fair (CELTEL = 36.5% in Oyo State; 47.7 % in Lagos State) compared to minimum standard of 99% of attempted calls. The call retention ratio was above average (CELTEL = 66.6% in Oyo State; 69.3 % in Lagos State) compared to the minimum standard of 98% of successful setups. Furthermore, the short message services delivery efficiency was the best with CELTEL having 72.1% and 74.3 % in Oyo and Lagos States, respectively, as against the minimum standard of 98 % of attempted transmissions. The number of subscribers for MTN increased by 1,582 % between year 2001 and 2006 without a matching increase in the facilities provided. The forecast results also showed the increment to be 6,125 % by the end of 2011. The study concluded that in both states, the quality of voice and message services provided were below International Standards due to inadequate capacity of the telecommunication facilities to match the growth in service demand and inappropriate blend of cell antennaes.
Open Access
Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Viscosity and Wax Deposition Potential of Nigerian Crude Oil and Gas Condensate
(2015-05-05) Oladiipo, Abiodun Koyumu
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based models were developed for predicting viscosity and wax deposition potentials of petroleum reservoir fluids as a preliminary measure to address the problem of loss of production associated with wax deposition. Several ANN architectures were trained using supervised paradigms for viscosity modelling and unsupervised paradigms for wax deposition potentials. Input to the model for viscosity prediction was temperature and pressure data of the reservoir well, while wax deposition potential model regime. For viscosity prediction, Levenberg Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR), Brodyen , Fletcher, Goldfarb and Shano (BFG), Powelle-Beale Conjugate Gradient (CGB), Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Resilient Back-Propagation (RP), Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), and Adaptive Gradient Descent (GDX) algorithms were used in two layers and three layers architectures with tan-sigmoid transfer function in hidden layer and linear transfer function at the output layer. Competitive layer and Probabilities neural networks algorithm were used in the wax deposition prediction model. Five Nigeria crude oil and gas condensate reservoir data were used to validate the models. The correlation coefficient of viscosity algorithm are: LM (99.84%), CBG (99.76%), SCG (99.72%), BFG (99.75%), GDX (99.71%), GRNN (98.27%), BR (41.10%). The two layer networks trained with LM algorithm for viscosity with twenty six neurons in the hidden layer gave the best performance. The viscosity model developed with ANN has correlation coefficient of 99 81%, while classical regression techniques (CRT), developed had correlation coefficient of 95%, when both techniques were validated with blind data set. ANN competitive wax deposition model developed in this work excellently identified crude oil and gas condensate potential to deposit wax in upstream and down stream facilities compared to CRT based mathematical model, when validated with Nigerian crude oil and Gas condensate. The inherent problems of pipeline blockage by wax deposits would be minimized by the application of the predicting models during well development stage prior to production.
Open Access
Assessment of electrical energy use efficiency in Nigeria food industry
(IEEE, 2009-09) Aderemi, A.O.; Aderemi, Helen olubunmi; Ilori, M.O.; Akinbami, john -felix kayode
This study examined various patterns of energy consumption; it identified the sources of energy wastage, and assessed the effectiveness of the strategies that were employed to reduce energy waste in the food companies. This was with a view to recommending policy measures that would enhance effective electrical energy savings in the industry. Random sampling technique was used to select the food companies in South-western Nigeria which represent more than 50% of the Nigerian food and beverage companies. Structured questionnaire, interview and direct observation were employed as research instruments. Analytical procedure as given by Knutson and ANSI/NEMP for calculating electrical energy lost to heat per hour (Wh/h) and power factor respectively was adopted for the study. The study showed that the pattern of electrical energy consumption in the food companies was mainly from generating set; this was due to either low voltage or epileptic power supply from national grid. Direct and indirect sources that lead to electrical energy waste and in-efficient energy utilization in the industry were identified such as energy loss as a result of worn out or slack / misaligned belts that need timely replacement or tensioning, training and retraining of staff, power factor of electrical equipment among others. Three out of eleven strategies were effective in reducing the companies' electricity bill by 3% for the same quantity of production. These include: switching off most lighting during day time; instant replacement / tensioning of worn out / slack belts or chains and; disconnection of all faulty equipment. This finding shows that 72.8% of all the acclaimed strategies to reduce energy consumption were not effective. The study concluded that the factors that constituted electrical energy waste and energy use inefficiency in the food companies in the study area were very identical and recommendations for effective energy use efficiency in the firms were proposed.
Open Access
Assessment of Electrical Energy Use Efficiency in Selected Food Companies in Southwestern Nigeria
(2015-08-24) Aderemi, Adewale Olutunde
This study examined various patterns of energy consumption, sources of energy waste, and assessed the effectiveness of the strategies that were employed to reduce energy waste in food industry in Southwestern Nigeria. This was with a view to recommending policy measures that would enhance effective and efficient electrical energy utilization in the food companies. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 210 companies in Southwestern Nigeria from a population size of 303 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Food, Beverage and Tobacco sector that were recorded in Central Bank of Nigeria Small and Medium Industries Nigeria's Information System of 2004. These were made up of 18, 90, 24, 18, 12 and 48 food companies in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States, respectively. The questionnaires were administered to factory owners, factory engineers, production managers and workers within the production unit. Some utility managers were also picked at random for oral interview. The research instruments elicited information on the pattern of energy consumption, sources of energy waste and methods employed to reduce the wastages, among others. Descriptive statistics was employed for the data analysis. The study revealed that 89.7% of the industry used standby generating sets as an alternative to mains supply. It also revealed that 48.3% of the enterprises were into beverage production, 37.9% bakery and confectionery production, 7.0% grain milling, 3.4% cold food enterprises and 3.4% sachet water production. Specifically, the study revealed that the most prominent sources of energy waste in the food industry were wear on machine gear teeth (82,8%), worn out pulleys (70.4%), and air leakage from ovens, refrigerators and other drying and cooling equipment (66.7%). Other sources of energy waste and loss that were less prominent included among others, slacks or worn out belts, undersized main supply cable and lubrication failure in gear boxes. The study further showed that the following strategies had major influence on the energy use efficiency of the selected food companies in the study area: rationing between electricity and generating plant (36.4%), bulk production (6.1%), and preventive maintenance (3.0%). Other important factors that influenced the efficient utilization of energy in the food companies were equipment power factor (62.5%), lighting systems (6.1%), sized cable (3.0%), and supplied voltage (62.5%). It is concluded that supply of appropriate voltage from the mains, procurement of new electrical equipment with high power factor and (or) power factor improvement on the existing ones, among others, could enhance electrical energy use efficiency in the food industry in the study area.
Open Access
An Assessment of the Transfer and Commercialization of Research and Development Results from Research Institutes in Southwestern Nigeria
(2015-09-23) Adeyemo, Felicia Solayide
The study assessed the extent of utilization of research and development (R&D) results in research institutes in southwestern Nigeria. It also examined the methods of transferring R&D results and the factors affecting the commercialization of R&D results. This was with a view to improving utilization of R&D results in Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 9 research institutes and 79 entrepreneurs identified by research institutes as users of R&D results. Two separate sets of questionnaire were administered one for the research institutes and the other for the entrepreneurs. The sets of questionnaire were used to elicit information such as the level of R&D activities, methods of transferring R&D results to investors, and factors militating against the commercialization of research results. Secondary data obtained from available publications included the research reports and published articles of research institutes. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test. A total of 104 research results were generated, out of which 54.81% had been transferred to practicing and prospective investors. Out of the R&D results transferred, 56.14% were commercialized by the institutes themselves while 29.82% were commercialized by the investors. In addition, various methods of transfer used by the research institutes include seminar (3.13), workshop (3.63), trade fairs/exhibitions (3.13), technical assistance service (3.50) and feasibility studies (3.50), on a Likert scale of 1-4. There was significant difference in the effectiveness of the methods of transferring R & D results by the research institutes (F = 16.147, p ≤ 0.05). However, seminar, trade fairs, technical assistance services, feasibility studies and workshops (3.13 - 3.63) had the same degree of effectiveness. The study further showed that the major factors affecting commercialization of R&D results were lack of funds by investors (4.88), unsustainable government policy (4.50), lack of infrastructural facilities (3.88) and apathy to local R&D results adoption (3.63) on a Likert scale of 1-5. There was significance difference in the degree of severity of the factors affecting commercialization of R & D results (F = 6.704, p≤ 0.05). Factors with high rating affecting commercialization of R & D results with the same significant were lack of funds and unsustainable government policy (4.50 - 4.88), while other factors with similar significance were lack of facilities for demonstration, lack of government and institutional support for SMEs and apathy to local R & D results adoption (3.00 - 3.50). The study concluded that the utilization of R&D results by the research institutes and investors were low. Workshop was the most effective method of transferring R&D results, while the greatest limiting factor for R&D results commercialization was lack of fund by investors.
Open Access
Assessment of Wind Power Potential and Wind Electricity Generation Using WECS of Two Sites in South West, Nigeria
(International Journal of Energy Science(IJES)., 2011-02) AJAYI, O.O.; FAGBENLE, R.O.; KATENDE, J
The study was used to analyze the wind characteristics of Shaki (08.40’ N; 03.23’ E; Altitude 457.0 m; Air density 1.1723 kg/m3) and Iseyin (07.58’ N; 03.36’ E; Altitude 330.0 m; Air density 1.1869 kg/m3), two local sites in Oyo State, Nigeria. 21 years monthly mean wind speeds at 10 m height obtained from the Nigeria meteorological department were employed together with the Weibull 2-parameter distribution and other statistics to carry out monthly, seasonal and whole years’ analyses of the sites’ wind profiles for electricity generation. It was found that the whole data spread ranged between 0.9 and 9.1 m/s for the two sites while the 21 years’ average ranged between 3.2 and 5.1 m/s and 2.9 and 4.7 m/s for Shaki and Iseyin sites respectively. Three wind energy conversion systems were employed with the results and it was discovered that, the sites have capacity to generate MWh to GWh of electricity at an average cost/kWh of between € (0.025 and 0.049) and that a turbine with technical parameters of cut-in, cut-out and rated wind speeds of 3.0, 25 and 11.6 m/s is appropriate for the sites.

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