Histomorphological and biochemical studies of the Pancreatic B-Cells, kidney and liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats treated with methanolic extra of Hibiscus Sabdariffa(Linn)
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Date
2012
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Obafemi Awolowo University
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on the morphology, morphometry and histochemistry of the pancreatic β-cells, liver and kidney of experimentally–induced diabetic Wistar rats, assessed the effects of this extract on the blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profiles, liver function markers, Kidney function markers, antioxidants and lipid peroxidation markers of the rats, and compared the efficacy of the extract with that of protamine zinc insulin. This was with a view to determining the anti-diabetic activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E) of twelve rats each. Group A was the control, group B was untreated diabetic group, group C was H. sabdariffa -treated diabetic group, group D was insulin-treated diabetic group while group E was the extract control group. Diabetes mellitus was induced in groups B, C and D by a single intra-peritoneal injection of 80 mg/kg streptozotocin (Sigma, USA) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer; groups A and E rats received intra-peritoneal injection of equivalent volume of citrate buffer and all the animals were monitored for another four week period. Daily intra-peritoneal injection of 1738.76 mg/kg b.w. H. sabdariffa was administered to group C and E rats for fifteen days, 1 IU/kg/day of insulin was administered to group D rats for fifteen days while rats in groups B were left untreated. The animals were monitored for another four week period. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia and the pancreas, liver and kidneys of each animal were removed and weighed. The pancreas was fixed in Bouins fluid while the kidneys and liver were fixed in 10 % formol saline. The tissues were processed for paraffin embedding and sections of 5µm thickness were produced and stained with H and E for general histological examination of the tissues, and with special stains to histologically demonstrate β-cells of the pancreatic islets, collagen fibres in liver and kidney, reticular fibres in the liver, basement membrane in the kidney and histochemically demonstrate glycogen in the liver and kidney. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.
The result showed a significant decrease (F = 48.20; df = 11; p < 0.05) in the blood glucose concentration of H. sabdariffa-treated group (4.26 + 0.153 mmol/L) when compared to that of the untreated diabetic group (23.80 + 2.388 mmol/L) and insulin treated group (11.25 + 1.465 mmol/L). Histopathological examination of the stained pancreatic sections showed degeneration and necrosis of the pancreatic β-cells and vacuolation of the islets in the untreated diabetic group as well as the insulin treated group while in the extract treated diabetic group, the numerical density of pancreatic β-cells increased suggesting regeneration of these cells. Examination of the liver sections revealed hepatic fibrosis and excessive glycogen deposition in the liver. These morphological changes were ameliorated in the extract-treated diabetic group. Examination of the kidney section revealed that extract of H. sabdariffa had nephroprotective effects on the STZ diabetic induced nephropathy which is marked by glomerular necrosis, thickening of the glomerular and tubular basement membranes and renal interstitial fibrosis.
The study demonstrated that H. sabdariffa possesses anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and nephropretective activities as well as the ability to induce regeneration of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells of STZ-induced diabetic rats, justifying its ethnomedicinal use.
Description
xxvii,174 pages
Keywords
Histomorpholigical Studies, Biochemical Studies, pancreatic B-Cells, Kidney, Liver, Streptozotocin, Diabetic Wistar Rats, Menthanolic Extract, Histomorpholigical, Wistar rat
Citation
Adeyemi, D.O. (2012). Histomorphological and biochemical studies of the Pancreatic B-Cells, kidney and liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats treated with methanolic extra of Hibiscus Sabdariffa(Linn)