Theses and Dissertations

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Theses and Dissertations (Public Administration)

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    Open Access
    The Contributions of Selected Women Occupational Groups to Rural Development in Ejigbo and Ife Central Local Government Areas in Osun State, Nigeria
    (2015-09-29) Fagbewesa, Esther Olapeju
    The study identified women occupational groups involved in rural development in Ife Central and Ejigbo Local Government Areas, and examined their organisational structure and mode of operations. It also assessed the contributions of the women occupational groups in promoting rural development. This was with a view to identifying the problems confronting and inhibiting these groups in demonstrating their full potentials in rural development. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected through questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Two local governments in Osun State namely, Ife Central and Ejigbo Local Government Areas were purposively selected for the study. Ten occupational groups were also purposively selected, namely, Gari Processors, Palm oil Processors, and Cloth weavers, Hairdressers, Tailors, Yam Sellers, and Provision Sellers, Kolanut Sellers, Jewellery Sellers and Fish Sellers. Two hundred (200) respondents from each of the two local governments were randomly selected for the study. Twenty percent of membership of each group was randomly selected in each local government. In-depth interviews were conducted to seek information from the five executive members from each of these occupational groups namely, the President, Vice President, Secretary, Financial Secretary and the Public Relation Officers who were purposively selected based on their knowledge of the group activities. Secondary data were also obtained from textbooks, journals, and government gazettes. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that all the occupational groups had uniform organisational structures comprising the President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and the Public Relations Officer. In each of the groups, the women leaders were responsible for designing the project, while those that were involved in the implementation and monitoring of the programmes were the committees set up by the group women leaders. However, the study showed that the mode of operations of the groups differed in each of the local governments. For instance, 68% of the respondents in Ile-lfe, indicated that the women groups preferred to meet monthly as opposed to 32% that met weekly. However, in Ejigbo, 93% of the respondents indicated that meetings were held monthly and only 7% preferred weekly meeting. Furthermore, 98% of respondents in Ile-Ife attended meetings regularly while all the respondents in Ejigbo attended meetings regularly. The study also showed that all the groups made monthly contribution. In Ile-Ife, 99.5% of the members made monthly contributions of between N1,000 to N10,000, while only about 0.5% made higher contributions. However in Ejigbo, all the members contributed between N1000 and N10, 000. The study revealed that the monthly contributions were used for the purposes of business (70.4% and 82.9%), projects (8.2% and 5.5%), food (5.6% and 1.5%), and payment of school fees (15.8% and 5%) for Ife Central and Ejigbo Local Government Areas respectively. Activities performed by the groups also varied from construction of Town Halls and establishment of Cooperative loans (79.4% and 82.6%), to construction of Gari processing factory (10.6% and 9.2%) and construction of Palm Oil processing factory (10.1% and 8.2%) for Ife and Ejigbo Local Government Areas, respectively. The major challenges confronting the groups were financial (99.4% and 99%) for each of the local government areas respectively. The result also showed that the local communities were not adequately involved in the design, implementation, and monitoring of projects. The study concluded that the contributions of women occupational groups to rural development were constrained mostly by finance, inadequate project monitoring process, and non involvement of the target groups in the determination of projects to be established for women.
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    Open Access
    A Study of Inter-Governmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria, 1999-2007
    (2015-08-25) Adesopo, Ayo Ariyo
    This study examined the origin and development of inter-governmental fiscal relations (IGFR) in Nigeria as well as their linkages with the political arrangement. It also identified and analysed the effects of these linkages on the states and local governments and synthesized the perception of IGFR by selected states. This was with a view to providing insights into the dynamics, management and problems of IGFR in Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. A questionnaire was administered on top career officers of the relevant government departments/parastatals at both the state and local government levels in 6 purposively selected states (Benue, Bauchi, Kaduna, Enugu, Delta and Ondo) representing each of the geo-political zones in Nigeria. Of the 312 copies of questionnaire administered, 251 (79.8 per cent) were retrieved. To complement the data collected from questionnaire, interviews were also conducted with 18 top political functionaries at the local government level, 3 of the commissioners representing the selected states on the National Revenue Mobilization, Allocation and Fiscal Commission (NRMAFC) and 19 opinion leaders comprising political elites knowledgeable about political and economic issues in the zones. The interviews focused on the sharing of the Federation Account among the vertical organs, the appropriateness of the revenue sharing principles in use for horizontal sharing and the distribution of tax jurisdiction. Secondary data were obtained from relevant textbooks, journals, newspapers, and official publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Federal Ministry of Finance, NRMAFC and other relevant publications. Data were analysed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there had been several attempts made at addressing IGFR problems at various times in Nigeria. It also showed that the conduct and outcomes had been controversial in terms of evolving a generally acceptable IGFR. The results of the Friedman Test showed a strong association between the development of Nigeria’s IGFR and the nature of her federal structure (X 2 = 64.66, P< 0.01). The relationship was bi-directional as 98.4% of the respondents were of the view that the initial development of IGFR had been dictated by the nature of the political arrangement while 91% were of the view that IGFR itself influenced the structure of power. The ensuing centralized fiscal power structure, according to 94% of the respondents, negatively affected the development of IGFR as evident in the constant agitation for the review of fiscal relations, lack of fiscal autonomy and non-viability of states and local governments. Other negative effects included the emergence of ethnic militancy and the struggle for the control of the centre by the states and geopolitical zones. Furthermore, the results showed that the states and geopolitical zones were different in their perception of IGFR. In terms of priority preference for the revenue sharing principles, there was a consensus among respondents of the Northern origin emphasizing equality, population and land mass and terrain in that order. Among states in the Southern part, population was emphasized by respondents in the South West and South East while the principle of derivation was emphasized by those in the South-South and to some extent, South West. However, the general mean ranking of priority for revenue sharing principles across the states was population (4.55), equality (4.28) and derivation (3.44). Except for the South-South zone, the principle of Internal Revenue Effort (IRE) was not well emphasized. The study concluded that the nature of Nigerian federation influenced and at the same time was affected by IGFR. In effect, the centralization of fiscal power had undermined fiscal autonomy of the states and local governments, thus negating the rationale for their creation which is to bring government closer to the people.
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    An Assessment of the Role of Governmental and Non-Governmental Organisations in the Provision of Water Supply in Umunneochi and Isuikwuato Local Government Areas of Abia State, Nigeria
    (2015-06-05) Umezurike, Samuel Chukwuemeka
    The study assessed the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations in the provision of water supply in Abia State with a view to ascertaining their contribution in the provision of portable water and constraints therein. It further identified the various sources and quality of water supply and health related problems in Umunneochi and Isuikwuato Local Government Areas of the state. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were generated through oral interviews_ focus group discussions and participant observation. The population of the study comprised 94 communities out of which 25 communities were randomly sampled. Ward leaders from each of the 25 sampled communities were interviewed. Interview guides were used for executive members of the existing 8 community development associations at the town level in the two LGAs. The available 10 water vendors; 5 from each of the two LGAs were also interviewed. On the official side, the General Manager and the Head of the Water Resources Department of Abia State Water Board as well as the Chairman and the Head of Water and Sanitation Unit in both Umunneochi and Isuikwuato Local Government Areas were also interviewed. Three Focus Group Discussions were conducted with selected women and children in 12 of 25 sampled communities. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The result showed that there were 9 official pipe borne water schemes in the two LGAs constructed by the Federal Government and the old Imo State Government when the two LGAs were under Isuikwuato LGA. The study revealed that the water schemes collapsed due to poor maintenance, corrupt practices among the authorities responsible for the management as well as non-involvement of the host communities in their operation and maintenance. Consequently, households that could not afford to buy a 20-litre can of water at the cost of N25.00 trekked long distances of about 10 kilometres (to and fro) to fetch water from streams, rivers and springs. The results showed that some of the households constructed non-mechanized rainwater harvesters. The study also showed that there was loss of man-hours which had adverse effect on educational development of the children as they spent several hours in fetching water for their household. The result of focus group discussions emphasized the burden that households bear in search of water, while pointing out health risk associated with water from streams, rivers and springs. In addition, the study showed that, the respective community development associations (CDAs) were not concerned with water provision except in Akoli-Imenyi under Isuikwuato LGA where the existing CDAs and the traditional ruler constructed a bore-hole on the basis of 60:40 percent fund ratio respectively. Other CDAs assisted in maintaining the traditional sources of water. These traditional sources of water were inadequate both in quality and quantity as there were reported cases of water borne diseases such as diarrhea and cholera in the study area. The study concluded that governments abandoned their role in the provision of water supply in the study area, while households, water vendors and a number of CDAs emerged as the main providers of the same service for the people.
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    Open Access
    A Comparative Study of Local Government and Community-Based Organisations in the Delivery of Social Services in Selected States of Southwestern Nigeria (1997-2005)
    (2015-05-18) Popoola, Oladepo Olufemi
    This study examined and compared the delivery of social services by Local Government and Community-based Organizations (CBOs) in selected states of Ekiti, Ogun and Osun of Southwestern Nigeria between 1997 and 2005. The social services which the study focused on were: road, water, electricity, health care and education. This was with a view to ascertaining the usefulness of co-production strategy to the delivery of social services. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaires, oral interviews and observation techniques. Four hundred and forty questionnaires were administered on the leaders (Chairmen, Secretaries and Treasurers) of Community Development Councils (CDCs) using stratified sampling technique. Also, five hundred and eighty two questionnaires were administered on the senior staffs of local government that were directly involved in the delivery of social services using stratified sampling technique. The questionnaires assessed respondents' opinions not only on the performance of local government and CBOs in the delivery of social services, but also on local government delivery vis-a-vis community delivery. The questionnaires also assessed respondents' views on the relevance and usefulness of co-production strategy in social service delivery. Out of a total of one thousand and twenty two questionnaires administered to the two categories of respondents, nine hundred and twenty (90 percent) were retrieved. To complement the data extracted from questionnaires, interviews were also conducted with eighteen CDC leaders and nine local government senior staff. The interviews focused, not only on how local government and CBOs delivered social services, but also on the need for collaboration between local government and CBOs in the delivery of social services. With the use of observation techniques, some projects on road, water, electricity, health care and education were surveyed and photographs of some of them were taken. Secondary data were collected from relevant textbooks, government documents and records of social services delivered. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the performance of local government (according to the perception of the CDC leaders) in the delivery of social services had been unsatisfactory (χ2= 236.57, P < 0.01). Similarly, according to the perception of the LGSS, the performance of local government had been unsatisfactory (χ2= 327.56, P < 0.01). The results also showed that the performance of CBOs (according to the CDC leaders) in the delivery of social services had not been satisfactory (χ2= 207.68, P < 0.01). In the same vein, according to the perception of LGSS, the performance of CBOs in the delivery of social services had not been satisfactory ( χ2= 244.88, P < 0.01). Furthermore, it was also revealed (according to the perception of CDC leaders) that there was no significant difference between local government and CBOs in terms of which institution delivered more social services than the other ( χ2 = 73.18, P < 0.01). Similarly, according to the perception of LGSS, there was no significant difference between local government and CBOs in terms of which institution delivered more social services than the other ( χ2 = 61.49, P < 0.01). Lastly, it was revealed (according to the perception of CDC leaders) that adoption of co-production strategy between local government and community-based organizations led to a more effective approach in the delivery of social services (χ2 = 604.14, P < 0.01). Similarly, according to the perception of LGSS, adoption of co-production strategy between local government and community-based organization led to a more effective approach in the delivery of social services ( χ2 = 571.49, P < 0.01). The study also identified inadequate funding, misappropriation of fund, wastage of fund, lack of accountability and transparency, lack of co-ordination, politicization of social services delivery and cumbersome administrative process of social service delivery in local governments as major impediments hindering effective delivery of social services. The study concluded that the performances of Local Government and CBOs in the delivery of social services in selected states of Southwestern Nigeria (Ekiti, Ogun and Osun) between 1997 and 2005 were unsatisfactory.
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    An Assessment of the Management and Funding of Mass Education Agency (Mea) in Three Selected Local Government Areas (LGAS) of Osun State
    (2015-05-18) Oyediji, Felix Oladosu
    The study investigated the operations of the Mass Education Agency (MEA) of Osun State and assessed the roles of the beneficiaries and other stakeholders in its funding. This was with a view to evaluating the impact and problems of MEA programme in the State. Primary data were collected through questionnaire and interview. Two sets of questionnaire were administered on the beneficiaries and officials of Osun State Mass Education Agency (OSMEA) respectively. The study population was 1,916 comprising 1,826 beneficiaries and 90 officials. Structured questionnaire was administered on 183 representing 10% of the randomly selected beneficiaries sampled. Out of these, 151 were retrieved, representing 82.5%. Out of the 90 OSMEA officials, 9 representing 10% were sampled and the questionnaire administered on them was retrieved. In addition, 27 respondents were purposively selected for personal interview. These included the Director, the Deputy Director and the Secretary of OSMEA. Two (2) officials and six (6) beneficiaries were selected from each of the selected LGAs. Secondary data were extracted from books, academic journals, relevant official documents as well as government publications from the Ministry of Education at Federal and State levels. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that mass education played a vital role in the eradication of illiteracy and awakened the critical awareness of the beneficiaries in their environment. It revealed that OSMEA was faced with many problems including inability to pay the Instructors' salaries (N1000/instructor/month and the supervisors' honoraria (N1,500/supervisor/month) as well as inadequate supply of vocational and instructional materials as confirmed by 82% of the respondents. This situation arose because none of the three tiers of government contributed to the funding of the agency despite the arrangement by which the federal government was supposed to contribute 65%, state government 25% and local government 10% respectively. It also showed that the change of focus of the Donor Agencies like UNDP/UNCEF from mass education to social development negatively affected the finances and viability of OSMEA. This change of focus had a negative effect over the management as mass education officials stationed in each of the 30 LGAs of Osun State were deployed to the Teaching Service Commission (TESCOM) as class teachers. The study further revealed that beneficiaries and other stakeholders (churches and mosques) made financial contributions to assist in paying the salaries and allowances of instructors (N1000/instructor. month) and supervisors (N1,500/supervisor/month) in their respective established mass education centres. This was confirmed by 80% of respondents from Ayedaade, 74% from Irepodun and 83.3% from Ife Central local governments areas. The study concluded that the roles played by the beneficiaries and stakeholders were not enough to solve the problem confronting the mass education programme and that the funding arrangement for the programme was inadequate.