Master of Science (M.Sc.) Theses and Dissertations

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    Demographic and psychosocial correlates of contraceptive use among young people in Nigeria
    (Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences ,Obafemi Awolowo University, 2023) Komolafe, Obaloluwa Ifeolu
    This study assessed the socio demographic characteristics of sexually active young people in Nigeria. It also examined the extent to which socio-demographic variables influence contraceptive use among young people and it investigated the influence of psychosocial correlates on use of contraception amidst young people in Nigeria. It examined the combined influence of socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates on use of contraception amidst young people in Nigeria. These were with the view of investigating the complex interplay of demographic and psychosocial factors that influence contraceptive use amidst young people in Nigeria This study employed a cross-sectional research design, using secondary quantitative research data from the challenge initiative. The targeted population for the study were young people aged 15 to 24 years in Nigeria. Potential respondents were selected through a three-stage cluster sampling method stratified within urban and rural areas; this was done in order to get enough sample for representativeness/generalization of results and this amounted to 5940 respondents in total. The results showed that sexually active young people interviewed were mostly females (79.6%), aged 20 to 24 (68.9%), and held a secondary education (69.3%). In total, 63.2% of the sexually active young people identified as Christians (Catholics made up approximately 11.9% of the sample). At bivariate level, sex, location, marital status, education religion and parity were all found to be significantly related with contraceptive use among young people. The age of sexually active young people was found to have no significant relationship with contraceptive use. At multivariate level, sex (OR=0.66; p<0.000), Education (OR=1.67; p<0.000), Marital status (OR=0.40; p<0.000), and Religion (OR=0.82; p<0.000) were the only socio demographic variables that had a significant relationship with the use of contraception. Also, at bivariate level, all psychosocial variables (Discussion with partner on Contraceptives, discussion about number of kids, personal advocacy, perceived behavior of close friends, rejection of misconceptions, self-efficacy etc. were all significantly related with contraceptive use among young people. Similar trends were also observed at multivariate level. When demographic and psychosocial variables were both fitted in the same model, sex, education and residence were the only significant demographic factor associated with contraceptive use. While knowledge, peer behavior, myths rejection, and self-efficacy were the only psychosocial variables associated with contraceptive use. This study concluded that there exist a complex and significant interplay between demographic and psychosocial factors that influence contraceptive use among young people and that factors such as residence, level of education, self-efficacy etc. were associated significantly with contraceptive use among young people in Nigeria.
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    Assessment of management strategy and land cover dynamics of Omo forest reserve, Southwestern Nigeria.
    (Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria., 2023) Olofintuyi, Similoluwa Sharon
    This study identified the management strategies in operation at the Omo Forest Reserve in Southwestern Nigeria; It also quantified land use and land cover in the study area between 1986 and 2020; and inventories of forest resources in the study area. It further examined the correlation between management strategies and land cover degradation in the Omo Forest reserve in Southwestern Nigeria. These were with the view of providing information on the significance of land cover dynamism to sustain woodland resource protection and preservation in Omo Forest Reserve Southwestern Nigeria. Primary and secondary sources of data were utilized for the study. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design and use both primary and secondary data. The primary data include geographic coordinate points of relevant features within the study area. Key Informant Interview (KII) was conducted with Foresters and Rangers focusing on flora and fauna inventorisation in order to identify the status of differently species and also, to identify management strategies operational in the study area. The secondary data includes topographical sheet 69 NE, 1963 of the study area and its environ which was used as base-map. In addition, Multidate Landsat images was acquired ( Lansat 5 MSS/TM, 1986; Landsat 7 ETM+, 1999 and 2012; and Landsat OLI/TIR, 2019) due to availability and relevance. Indices includes Shanon’s Diversity Index (SDI), Cellular Auomata (CA), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using ENVI 5.3, among other recognized biogeographical indices. Data collected was analyzed using geospatial techniques in geographical system (GIS) mode, preferably the open- access QGIS. The result identified protected area system, plantation establishment, Taungya system, afforestation and selective management system and wildlife management and dominant forest xii management strategies in the study area. Result also showed that major land use/cover in the area varied as 0.6% - 5.6% (built-up), 11.68% - 21.83% (farmland and open surface), 16.61% - 20.04% (plantation) and 0.29% - 0.25% (water body) between 1986 and 2020. Result further listed thirty-eight (38) plant species as critical endangered and eight (8) animal species as critically endangered within the study period. Lastly, management strategies exhibited strong correlation (r = 0.68) with land cover change in the area; such that management strategies which promoted conservation and reforestation and afforestation produced health (greener) vegetation in the area. The study concluded that management strategies and land cover dynamics in the study area is significant to the establishment of a sustainable woodland resources protection and preservation.
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    Gender Norms, Resiliency and sexual practices of street involved Young person in southwestern Nigeria
    (Department of demography, Faculty of Social sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 2021) OLUREMI Boboye Isreal
    This study examined the influence of gendered norms and resiliency on sexual practices among street-involved young persons in Southwestern Nigeria. It assessed the existing gendered norms, examined the effect of resiliency strategies on sexual practices, and ascertained the effect of gendered norms and social correlates on sexual practices. Lastly, it determined the joint effect of these factors on sexual practices among street-involved young persons. This were with a view to provide information to young persons on issues revolving around reproductive health and sexual practices. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design and employed a secondary data that assessed the Sexual and reproductive health needs of street-involved young people. The indicators for the study include: sexual and reproductive health, gendered norms, resiliency, quality of life. Also, the standard for those selected, using a non-probability purposive sampling technique were street-involved young persons between ages 15–24 years who were exposed to risky sexual practices. This population were selected using the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) module and the sample size was 204 respondents. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics at three levels i.e. univariate, bivariate and multivariate, following each of the specified objectives. Frequency tabulation and chart were employed at the univariate level, the unadjusted Chi-square test of independence was used at the bivariate level and the multivariate level applied the binary logistic regression model. The result showed that in spite of the high rate of risky sexual practices at 80%, majority of the SIYPs had good gendered norms (92%) and majority had high resilience (52%). Furthermore, there was a major influence of gendered norms on sexual practice (ꭓ2=7.9466; p=0.005) and also showed that education, religion and current work status were good predictors of sexual practices of SIYPs. Respondents with bad gendered norms had higher risk of engaging in risky sexual practices that those with good norms (OR=4.29, p<0.05; CI=1.45 – 12.68). Also respondents that were working had lower odds of engaging in risky sexual practices (OR=0.21, p<0.05; CI=0.07 – 0.58), and respondents with single parent had high risk of engaging in risky practices (OR=3.62; p>0.05; CI= 0.41 – 31.92) than those with both parent (OR=0.76; p>0.05; CI= 0.27 – 2.16), with no significant influence. This study concluded that most street children were involved in risky sexual practices and some of these were caused by their negative influence to societal norms based on their freelance lifestyle.
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    Fiscal dominance and economic performance in Nigeria (1980-2020)
    (Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) Idowu, Ajayi olanike
    The study examined the nature and extent of fiscal and monetary policy dominance in Nigeria as well as the degree of fiscal dominance or monetary effectiveness in Nigeria. The study also examined the sustainable level of fiscal deficit with respect to the economic performance in Nigeria within the period of 1980-2020. These are with a view to examining the relationship between fiscal dominance and economic performance in Nigeria. Annual time series secondary data for the period of 1980-2020 were employed in the study. Data on fiscal deficit, public debt, government expenditure, money supply, interest rate, and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the study period were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2020), and the World Development Indicators (WDIs, 2020) sourced from the World Bank. The study used descriptive statistics in form of tables, charts and graphs for the trend analysis. The study also adopted Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) for long run analysis, while threshold regression was also conducted for the measurement of sustainable level of fiscal deficit in Nigeria. It was established in the study that government expenditure and outstanding debt have significant positive relationship with money supply. Specifically, N1 billion increase in public debt is expected to increase money supply by N1.2 billion (t = 8.2446, p < 0.01). Similarly, N1 billion increase in government spending will cause money supply to increase by N1.36 billion (t = 4.2850, p < 0.01). Conversely, interest rate exhibited negative effect on money supply, such that one percent increase in interest rate will bring money supply down by 150 percent (t = -2.0113, p < 0.05). The study also revealed the sustainable level of fiscal deficit in relation to economic performance in Nigeria. Specifically, the results showed that when fiscal deficit is lower than N34.4072 billion, it will decrease economic output by N34.7001 billion. (t = 3.21, p < 0.01) and that when fiscal deficit is higher than N34.4072 billion and lower than N1,923.637 billion, it will not only have a positive impact on economic performance but it will also increase economic output by N4.0023 billion (t = 3.69, p < 0.01). The study concluded that, though there is co-movement between fiscal and monetary authority variables, there is no fiscal dominance in Nigeria.
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    Role of e-commerce in employment creation for married women in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria.
    (Centre for Gender and Social Policy Studies.Obafemi Awolowo University., 2023) Akanji, Kafayat Adenike.
    The study investigated the experiences of unemployed married women in Alimosho Local Government Area, examined the knowledge, perceptions and attitude of married women towards the adoption of e-commerce, assessed the roles of e-commerce in employment creation for married women and identified the challenges confronting married women in the use of e-commerce in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State. These were with a view to providing alternate employment opportunities for unemployed married women in the study area. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for the study. The study also adopted a non probability sampling technique using purposive sampling. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through the administration of questionnaires for the quantitative data and in-depth interview (IDIs) and focus group discussion (FGDs) guides for the qualitative data. The study was conducted for married women between the ages of 22 and 45, who lived in the study area. In all, 220 copies of questionnaires were administered randomly to selected married women who are mobile phone users, unemployed, self-employed, under-employed and those that have never worked but run businesses online. 202 copies from all the questionnaires were retrieved from the field. Altogether, 14 In-depth Interviews and 2 Focus Group Discussions (between 7 and 12 participants in each group) were conducted. While the qualitative data were analysed using content and thematic analysis, the quantitative data were analysed using univariate methods. The results of the study showed that being unemployed is accompanied with rejection and insults from families, friends, and neighbours as well as discrimination in the job market. Data on the knowledge of ecommerce reviewed that over 99 percent of respondents have some understanding of e-commerce, but 40.6 percent of them are not utilising the opportunities that e-commerce presents in terms of job generation. Inferences on the data on the role of ecommerce in employment creation shows that ecommerce already provide employment for 59.41 percent of the respondent and are currently earning a mean monthly salary of ₦174,385, which is five times more than the average Nigerian minimum wage of ₦30,000. Finally, results shows that the respondents' major problems were excessive service fees from e-commerce platforms, high exchange rate and customer returns of purchased items. The study concluded that e-commerce play significant role in employment creation for women in the study area