Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
BMC Oral Health
Abstract
Objectives: In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this
study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of
women’s empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC.
Methods: In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment,
decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources
Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018–2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome
variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published
literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory
variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and
partial eta squared (η2
) were calculated.
Results: Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to
5-year olds (B = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own
health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.67). Countries with
higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher
prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against
women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC
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Citation
Folayan, M. O., El Tantawi, M., Vukovic, A., Schroth, R., Gaffar, B., Al-Batayneh, O. B., ... & Daryanavard, H. (2020). Women’s economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health, 20(1), 1-9.