Master of Science (M.Sc.) Theses and Dissertations
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- ItemOpen AccessEvaluation of serum free light chains as markers of disease severity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukamia in southwestern Nigeria.(Department of Haematology and Immunlogy, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) GBOTOSHO Olabisi AbosedeThe aim of this study is to determine the haematological parameters, disease severity, serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum β2 microglobulin, serum creatinine and serum free light chains kappa and lambda of newly diagnosed CLL patients; and assess the relationship between the pattern of free light chains and the measured parameters, with the view to improve treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Thirty-three newly diagnosed CLL patients were enrolled into the study using convenience sampling method. Patients with other chronic illnesses or in disease transformation were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained from the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, general physical and systemic examination was also collected for each eligible patient, after informed consent was obtained. Clinical disease severity score was determined using the Binet staging system. Ten milliliters of venous blood were collected; 5ml were anticoagulated using EDTA to obtain haematological parameters from an haemo-autoanalyzer; and for making peripheral blood film using standard operating procedures. The remaining 5ml of blood was dispensed into a plain bottle to obtain serum using standard operating procedures. The sera collected were stored at -200C and batch tested for serum free light chains, kappa and lambda, from which the kappa/lambda ratio was calculated, β2-microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine. Numerical values were reported as frequency, percentage, median, interquartile range, minimum and maximum values. Bivariate analysis was used for continuous variables while chi-square test was used for non-continuous variables data. A p-value ≤ 0.05 or 95% CI (CI=95%) was defined as statistical significance
- ItemOpen AccessImpact Of Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) Training Workshop On Nursing Practice in Selected Maternity Care Faculties in Kwara State, Nigeria.(Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) ADEGBITE, Mujidat TemiladeThis study assessed the level of knowledge; compared the practice of Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) among nurse-midwives that were trained and those that were not trained; described the pattern of RMC received by the clients that attended health facilities in which their nurse-midwives were trained and those that were not trained; and examined the factors that influenced RMC practice in selected health facilities. These were with a view to providing information on nurse-midwives RMC practice.
- ItemOpen AccessImpact of respectful maternity care (RMC) training workshop on nursing practice in selected maternity care facilities in Kwara state, Nigeria(Department of nursing science, faculty of basic medical science, OAU, 2022) ADEGBITE, Temilade MujidatThis study assessed the level of knowledge; compared the practice of Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) among nurse-midwives that were trained and those that were not trained; described the pattern of RMC received by the clients that attended health facilities in which their nurse-midwives were trained and those that were not trained; and examined the factors that influenced RMC practice in selected health facilities. These were with a view to providing information on nurse-midwives RMC practice
- ItemOpen AccessSacroiliac joint dysfunction, external rotation of the hip and gait characteristics in patients with chronic non-specific low-back pain.(Department of Medical rehabilitation, Faculty of Basic medical sciences. Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) KUNUJI, Fausat NikeThis study evaluated the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunctions and external rotation of the hip (ERH) in patients with chronic non-specific low-back pain (CNLBP); examined gait characteristics of patients with SIJ dysfunctions; determined the relationship among SIJ, external hip rotation and gait characteristics of patients with CNLBP; and established a prediction model for gait characteristics in altered ERH and SIJ dysfunctions for patients with CNLBP. These were with a view to establishing the effects of SIJ dysfunctions and decreased external rotation of the hip joint on gait characteristics of patients with Chronic Non-specific Low-back Pain. Ethical approval was granted for this cross-sectional study which involved 154 patients presenting with CNLBP. Patients were recruited from the Physiotherapy Department, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile – Ife using purposive sampling technique. The ERH was evaluated using two assessment procedures: the goniometer and VK. Similarly, Gait characteristics (GtC) were assessed using the accelerometer (BTS – G walk). The PI was assessed using Verbal Rating Scale while SIJD was determined using the American Orthopaedic Association guidelines and physical diagnostic tests; hip compression, distraction, Gaeslen’s, thigh and sacral thrust tests. Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentage, frequency count and standard deviation summarized data. Inferential statistics of independent t–test, Pearson’s Moment Correlation and Multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data with alpha level, p < 0.05.The result showed that the mean ERH measured with goniometer (ERHGON) was 15.51 ± 3.030 while it was 15.35 ± 3.08 for ERH measured with Kinect (ERHVK), and PI experienced was 6.21 ± 1.10 on a 10-point pain scale. There was significant correlation between ERHGON and ERHVK, (r = 0.884, p = 0.000). The left stance and swing phases are 68.95 ± 5.04% and 31.06 ± 5.04% while the right stance and swing phases are 70.61 ± 5.58% and 29.31 ± 5.61. Furthermore, the mean speed and cadence were 0.74 ± 0.30m/s and 92.77 ± 12.32 steps/min respectively. The ERHGON had significant relationship with left single support phase (LTSS: r=0.265; p=0.001), left double support phase (LTDS: r=0.236; p=0.003), left step length (LTSTEPL: r=0.189; p=0.019), right single support phase (RTSS: r=0.274; p=0.001) and right step length (RTSTEPL: r=0.249; p=0.002). Similarly, the ERHVK had significant relationship with LTSS (r=0.310; p=0.001), LTDS (r=0.253; p=0.034), RTSS (r=0.285; p=0.001), right double support phase (r=0.171; p=0.001) and RTSTEPL (r=0.219; p=0.006). There were no significant relationships between PI and ERHGON; ERHVK and all selected gait parameters. Result of Multiple regression analyses showed that age, weight, LTSS, LTDS, LTSTEPL, RTSS and RTSTRL significantly contributed 33.7% for the prediction of ERHGON (f = 19.43, p = 0.001) while age, weight, LTSS, LTDS, RTSS, RTDS and RTSTL significantly contributed 39.8% for the prediction of ERHVK (f = 28.78, p = 0.001). The study concluded that patients with CNLBP demonstrated reduced external rotation of the hip (EHR) with altered Gait characteristics (GtC). The patients alsoexperienced moderate pain intensity while only few Gait characteristics were significant predictors of ERH of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunctions in patients with CNLBP.
- ItemOpen AccessEvaluation of serum free light chains as markers of disease severity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in southwestern Nigeria.(Department Of Haematology and Immumology, Faculty Of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2022) Gbotosho, Olabisi AbosedeThe aim of this study is to determine the haematological parameters, disease severity, serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum β2 microglobulin, serum creatinine and serum free light chains kappa and lambda of newly diagnosed CLL patients; and assess the relationship between the pattern of free light chains and the measured parameters, with the view to improve treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Thirty-three newly diagnosed CLL patients were enrolled into the study using convenience sampling method. Patients with other chronic illnesses or in disease transformation were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained from the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, general physical and systemic examination was also collected for each eligible patient, after informed consent was obtained. Clinical disease severity score was determined using the Binet staging system. Ten milliliters of venous blood were collected; 5ml were anticoagulated using EDTA to obtain haematological parameters from an haemo-autoanalyzer; and for making peripheral blood film using standard operating procedures. The remaining 5ml of blood was dispensed into a plain bottle to obtain serum using standard operating procedures. The sera collected were stored at -200C and batch tested for serum free light chains, kappa and lambda, from which the kappa/lambda ratio was calculated, β2-microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine. Numerical values were reported as frequency, percentage, median, interquartile range, minimum and maximum values. Bivariate analysis was used for continuous variables while chi-square test was used for non-continuous variables data. A p-value ≤ 0.05 or 95% CI (CI=95%) was defined as statistical significance. The results showed that age range of the studied population was between 44 and 71, with a median age of 56years (51.5-64.0). There were 17 (51.5%) males and 16 (48.5%) females. The majority (45.5%) were traders, whilst 30.3% were retirees, 18.2% were civil servants, and 6.1% were artisans. At presentation, 18.2% were in Binet stage A, 6.1% in Binet stage B, while 75.8% were in Binet stage C. The median haemoglobin value was 10.0g/dl (8.05-11.5). The median packed cell volume was 31.0% (25.0-34.0), the median platelet count was 89,000x109/μl (73,600-211,300), the median white cell count was 85,740 x109/μl (64,200-134,600), the median absolute lymphocyte count was 76,200x109/μl (59,685-127,300), the median absolute neutrophil count was 4,960 x109/μl (3,323-8,596), the median absolute eosinophil count was 140x109/μl (100-260), the median basophil count was 300x109/μl (180-660) and the median monocyte count was 0.00x109/μl (0.0-350). Serum kappa median value was 982mg/l (770-1215) and lambda median value was 440mg/l (351-496). The median value of the calculated kappa-lambda ratio (k/λ) was 2.33 (1.95-2.56).The β2-microglobulin median value was 6.38μg/ml (5.78-6.91), the LDH median value was 207μg/l (176-981) and creatinine median value was 1.17mg/dl (0.88-1.62). The FLC pattern showed that 87.9% of the patients had kappa light chain clonality, 12.1% had polyclonality, while none had lambda light chain clonality. There is a significant direct relationship between FLC-r and disease severity (f=0.833, p<0.001), β2-microglobulin (r =0.38, p=0.030) and a significant inverse relationship between FLC-r and haemoglobin (r= -0.52, p=0.002) and platelet (r= -0.44, p=0.011). The relationships between FLC-r and LDH, creatinine, white cell count and differentials were weak and insignificant (p>0.05). The study concluded that free light chain ratio has a surrogate biomarker relationship with disease severity and may be a useful tool for the assessment of disease prognosis in CLL in nigerian patients.
- ItemOpen AccessNurses' wound care practices and treament outcomes in Obafemi Awolowo University teaching hospitals complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.(Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University., 2022) Adewale, Muideen AdekolaThis study assessed nurses‘ knowledge of wound care, described the nurses‘ wound care practices, appraised nurses‘ wound dressing skills, identified barriers to the implementation of best wound care practice, and assessed the treatment outcomes of wound management in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile Ife. These were with a view to improving nurses‘ wound care practices in Nigeria. The study employed a concurrent mixed methods design. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of OAUTHC, Ile-Ife. All nurses in selected units of the hospital, who consented to participating in the study, formed the sample (254) for the quantitative phase of the study. The sample for the qualitative phase comprised 12 key informants. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire, observation checklist and key informant interview guide. In addition, 143 case folders were reviewed and 30 patients were monitored for treatment outcomes. Data collection spanned over two months. Quantitative data collected were analysed with descriptive (frequency counts and percentages) and inferential statistics such as Kruskal Walli‘s and multiple logistic regression. Alpha level was set at p<0.05. The qualitative data was analysed using content and thematic analysis, with both quantitative and qualitative findings integrated before inferences were drawn. The quantitative results revealed that 41% of the nurses possessed a fair knowledge of wound care, 38% had good knowledge while 21% possessed poor knowledge. The majority (63.3%) demonstrated moderate wound dressing skills, while 20% possessed high skills and 16.7% had low skills. The results revealed gaps in wound care practices particularly in the area of infection control among the nurses. The results also established a significant association between clinical specialities and wound care practices (P = 0.014). Certification in wound care was particularly found to be a predictor of wound care knowledge among the nurses (P= 0.002; OR – 3.707; CI 8.564–1.607). The qualitative findings identified certain barriers to effective wound care practices in the study setting. These were financial constraints; lack of facilities; lack of opportunity for advanced training on wound care; disproportionate staff/patient ratio; non-availability of material resources such as modern wound dressing agents; and patients‘ non-compliance or poor adherence with clinic appointments. As regards the outcome of care, results showed that the majority (>60%) of the wounds recorded significant improvement with patients subsequently discharged home, leaving just 26.6% (which were mainly cases of extensive burn injury, oncology, diabetes mellitus) still receiving treatment as of the time of concluding the study. The study concluded that the overall nurses‘ wound care practices in the setting was relatively good and thus reflected in good treatment outcome, but there were deficiencies in their wound dressing infection control practices.
- ItemOpen AccessPerceived efficacy and utilisation of modern topical wound dressing agents among nurse in healthcare facilities in osun state, Nigeria(Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo Unversity, 2023) Mustapha, Foluke ToyinThis study assessed nurses’ perception of modern topical wound dressing agents (MTWDAs) in selected hospitals in Osun State; explored the level and context of use of MTWDAs among nurses;assessed the perceived efficacyof MTWDAs among nurses and identified factors influencing the utilisation of MTWDAs among nurses. These were with the view to providing empirical facts on perceived efficacy and level of utilisation of MTWDAs among nurses in Osun State.The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the study setting. The settings of the study were Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State University Teaching Hospital (UNIOSUNTH), Osogbo, State Hospital, Oke Ogbo, Ile-Ife and State Specialist Hospital, Asubiaro, Osogbo, Osun State. Ethical approvals were obtained from each of the health facilities, and informed consent obtained from each participant. Considering the small population of the nurses in selected units, all the nurses available in the units where wound care is regularly done participated in the study. A total of one hundred and eighty-four nurses were used for the quantitative phase of the study, while thirteen key informants that were purposively selected participated in the qualitative phase. Data were collected with the aid of a pretested structured questionnaire and a key informant interview schedule. Quantitative data were analysed using percentages, Pearson Chi-Square, and Multinomial logistic regression, while analysis of the qualitative data was done with content analysis. Hypotheses were tested with alpha value set at p < 0.05. The results showed that 53.8% of the nurses had a negative perception of MTWDAs, while 46.2% had a positive perception. The qualitative results yielded the various reasoning that informed both the negative perception of MTWDAs and the positive perception. A serendipitous finding of the study was the discovery of poor awareness/inadequate xviknowledge of MTWDAs, particularly among the State Hospital nurses. Results further revealed that 44.0% of the nurses reported high use of MTWDAs, 41.8% moderate use and 14.2% low use. There was however no significant relationship between the nurses’ perception of MTWDAs and their level of use of these agents (χ2 = 2.13; p = 0.34). Analysis of the narrative from informants revealed no clear cut pattern of use, and the level of use was basically relative to the context of use; mainly on infected wounds. Furthermore, results showed that 52.7% had high perceived efficacy of MTWDAs, 17.9% recorded moderate perceived efficacy, while 29.4% had low perceived efficacy.There was significant association between perceived efficacy and utilisation of modern topical wound dressing agents (χ2= 10.608; p = 0.031). Prominent among factors identified as influencing the utilisation of MTWDAs in this study werenurses’ knowledge of current trend in wound care (95.3%); nature of the wound (95.1%); and frequency of dressing change (87.0%). The study therefore concluded that despite the negative perception and inadequate knowledge of modern topical wound dressing agents, there was a high perceived efficacy and moderate use of the dressing agents among nurses in the study settingThis study assessed nurses’ perception of modern topical wound dressing agents (MTWDAs) in selected hospitals in Osun State; explored the level and context of use of MTWDAs among nurses;assessed the perceived efficacyof MTWDAs among nurses and identified factors influencing the utilisation of MTWDAs among nurses. These were with the view to providing empirical facts on perceived efficacy and level of utilisation of MTWDAs among nurses in Osun State.The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the study setting. The settings of the study were Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State University Teaching Hospital (UNIOSUNTH), Osogbo, State Hospital, Oke Ogbo, Ile-Ife and State Specialist Hospital, Asubiaro, Osogbo, Osun State. Ethical approvals were obtained from each of the health facilities, and informed consent obtained from each participant. Considering the small population of the nurses in selected units, all the nurses available in the units where wound care is regularly done participated in the study. A total of one hundred and eighty-four nurses were used for the quantitative phase of the study, while thirteen key informants that were purposively selected participated in the qualitative phase. Data were collected with the aid of a pretested structured questionnaire and a key informant interview schedule. Quantitative data were analysed using percentages, Pearson Chi-Square, and Multinomial logistic regression, while analysis of the qualitative data was done with content analysis. Hypotheses were tested with alpha value set at p < 0.05. The results showed that 53.8% of the nurses had a negative perception of MTWDAs, while 46.2% had a positive perception. The qualitative results yielded the various reasoning that informed both the negative perception of MTWDAs and the positive perception. A serendipitous finding of the study was the discovery of poor awareness/inadequate xviknowledge of MTWDAs, particularly among the State Hospital nurses. Results further revealed that 44.0% of the nurses reported high use of MTWDAs, 41.8% moderate use and 14.2% low use. There was however no significant relationship between the nurses’ perception of MTWDAs and their level of use of these agents (χ2 = 2.13; p = 0.34). Analysis of the narrative from informants revealed no clear cut pattern of use, and the level of use was basically relative to the context of use; mainly on infected wounds. Furthermore, results showed that 52.7% had high perceived efficacy of MTWDAs, 17.9% recorded moderate perceived efficacy, while 29.4% had low perceived efficacy.There was significant association between perceived efficacy and utilisation of modern topical wound dressing agents (χ2= 10.608; p = 0.031). Prominent among factors identified as influencing the utilisation of MTWDAs in this study werenurses’ knowledge of current trend in wound care (95.3%); nature of the wound (95.1%); and frequency of dressing change (87.0%). The study therefore concluded that despite the negative perception and inadequate knowledge of modern topical wound dressing agents, there was a high perceived efficacy and moderate use of the dressing agents among nurses in the study setting.
- ItemEmbargoCorrelation of anthropometric parameters with serum luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels for the prediction of ovulation in infertile women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria(Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of basic medical sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife., 2024) Akaninyene, Eseme Ubom.This study assessed the anthropometry parameters such as body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), neck circumference (NC) and cormic index (CI) in infertile and fertile women, measured serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P4) in infertile and fertile women, correlated BMI, WHR, WHtR, NC and CI with Day 3 serum LH levels, and correlated BMI, WHR, WHtR, NC and CI with mid-luteal serum P4 levels. These were with a view to providing information on the possible correlation between maternal anthropometric parameters and the established clinical hormonal levels in predicting ovulation in infertile women. The Research and Ethics Committee of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, granted ethical approval for this study (ERC/2024/04/11). Sixty women were equally assigned into three groups of 20 women each: Group I- Anovulatory infertile women, Group II- Ovulatory infertile women, and Group III- Fertile women controls. The anthropometric parameters such as BMI, CI, WHR, WHtR, NC and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were measured and recorded twice for all the women- on days 3 and 21 of their menstrual cycles. On days 3 and 21 of their menstrual cycles, 5 ml of venous blood was obtained from all the women and analysed in the Chemical Pathology laboratory, OAUTHC, to determine the LH and P4 levels, respectively. Serum levels of LH and P4 in the blood samples were determined using the iChroma autoanalyzer (Boditech Med Inc., Republic of Korea). Correlation of anthropometric parameters with serum levels of P4 and LH was carried out with Pearson correlation coefficient. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was utilised to determine the critical values of BMI, CI, WHR, WHtR, TSF, and NC for the prediction of ovulation. A P value < 0.05 determined statistical significance. The results showed that there were no significant differences between day 3 and day 21 anthropometric measurements of BMI (26.56 ± 6.26 kg/m2vs. 26.56 ± 6.26 kg/m2; P= 0.999), CI (44.75 ± 3.21 vs. 44.75 ± 3.21; P= 1.000), WHR (0.86 ± 0.07 vs. 0.86 ± 0.07; P= 0.969), WHtR (0.55 ± 0.08 vs. 0.55 ± 0.08; P= 0.991), NC (34.01 ± 4.10 cm vs. 34.01 ± 4.10 cm; P= 0.995), and TSF (7.92 ± 2.90 cm vs. 7.92 ± 2.91 cm; P= 0.990). Body mass index (r= 0.035), CI (r= 0.047), WHtR (r= 0.023), TSF (r= 0.028), WHR (r= -0.029) and NC (r= -0.029) had weak correlations with day 3 LH. Mid-luteal P4 had significant moderate negative correlations with BMI (r= -0.434) and WHtR (r= -0.346), and weak correlations with CI (r= 0.186), WHR (r= -0.009), NC (r= -0.241) and TSF (r= -0.060). Cormic index correlated significantly with WHtR (r= 0.265). A CI of ≤ 43.6 was the best predictor of ovulation with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.659, and a sensitivity of 78.8%. A WHR of ≤ 0.83 was the second most accurate predictor of ovulation with an AUC of 0.559, and a sensitivity of 77.8%. The study concluded that cormic index could potentially be used alone, or in combination with waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio, to predict ovulation amongst infertile wome
- ItemEmbargoEffects of ethanol extract of senecio biafrae (asteraceae) leaves on the liver of adult wistar rats following mercury chloride–induced hepatotoxicity anthony(Department of Anatomy and cell biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile–Ife, Nigeria, 2025) Anthony, Oluwasesan Ibitoye.This study assessed the effects of ethanol extract of Senecio biafrae leaves (EESBL) on the histoarchitecture and histomorphometry of the liver of adult Wistar rats following mercury chloride - induced hepatotoxicity; investigated the effects of the extract on the structure of the rats’ liver cells cytoskeleton; evaluated the effects of extract on the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum and liver of the rats; and determined the effects of the extract on the activity of liver marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum and liver of the rats. These were with a view to providing insights into the actions of Senecio biafrae on liver protection and amelioration. Ethical clearance was obtained from Health Research Ethic Committee of Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Forty-two adult Wistar rats were assigned into seven groups of six rats each. Rats in group 1 were administered with 2 mL/kg distilled water for 42 days, while groups 2-7 rats were given 4 mg/kg of mercury chloride, orally, for 21 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of mercury chloride, group 2 rats were sacrificed immediately, group 3 rats were observed for the next 21 days, group 4 rats were given 2 mg/kg of Silymarin, 12 hourly, orally for 21 days while, group 4, 5, and 6 rats were given 300, 400 and 600 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Senecio biafrae leaves respectively, orally for 21 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Tissues were processed via paraffin embedding method and 5 µm thick sections were obtained on a rotary microtome and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Gridley’s silver impregnation, periodic acid – Schiff with diastase control and Feulgen reaction for demonstration of general histoarchitecture, reticulin fibers, glycogen deposition and deoxyribonucleic acid respectively. Data collected were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, with significance set at p< 0.0001, F = 1061.00; p < 0.0001; and F = 155.00; p < 0.0001, respectively), when compared with control group rats (15.90 ± 7.65, 21.8 ± 5.16 and 17.10 ± 0.83 IU/L, respectively). It also reduced the concentration level of glutathione (0.0499 ± 0.0013 mM; 0.1897 ± 0.0209 mM) and activities of superoxide dismutase (0.37 ± 0.03; 1.22 ± 0.01 Unit/L) and catalase (0.81 ± 0.05; 0.98 ± 0.21 units/ml), in the liver and serum of group 2 rats when compared with the control group rats (0.3797 ± 0.0033 mM; 2.5720 ± 0.0038 mM, 1.88 ± 0.01 Unit/L; 1.90 ± 0.08 Unit/L and 2.35 ± 0.09 units/ml; 3.12 ± 0.29 units/ml), respectively) (F = 656.90; p < 0.0001, F = 484.00; p < 0.0001; and F = 37.00; p < 0.0001, respectively). The study concluded that the EESBL was able to ameliorate mercury chloride-induced hepatocellular injury due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and augment endogenous antioxidants. As a result, EESBL may be a viable option for treating and controlling liver– induced mercury toxicity. EESBL reversed most of these changes in a dose-dependent manner with the highest efficacy at the high dose treated group (600 mg/kg) comparable to silymarin-treated group.